123 10 3234 https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/3653880b49314914c00713dce13798d6.pdf a4973ac3908e71691cb00bc84e719f0a PDF Text Text y in Canada °es, for one 3 the United 1 a Canaan. n> to escape many never >n had seen, claim upon >crypha, not id, the AntiBrown were :hared North Jse facets of 8. A Continental Abolitionism? The Underground Railroad plays a dual role in the story of the continental movement to abolish slavery. It was unquestionably the highly effective means by which a number—an exaggerated and indefinite number of fugitive slaves reached British North America. It was the cause of a legend that would make it possible for Canadians to reinforce their self-congrat­ ulatory attitudes toward their position on the Negro, and to strengthen those self-congratulatory assumptions into the twentieth century. The latter role was more demonstrable than the former. To say that the Underground Railroad was enlarged by legend is not to say that it did not exist. Clearly, there was a loose network of abolition­ ists, perhaps predominantly Quaker, who communicated with one another in order to make known various places of refuge where fugitive slaves might go during their journey from the slave states to the free border cities of the north and to the British provinces. Thousands of fugitive slaves were helped in this manner, being passed on from hand to hand, fed, clothed, and hidden, and on occasion given transport or money for the purchase of tickets. In some areas—especially southern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio— the so-called Underground Railroad agents worked clandestinely, living amidst proslavery or anti-Negro neighbors. But in many other areas further to the north the Railroad was seldom underground, being well known to local newspapers and law officers alike—as in Syracuse, Detroit, and Toledo. That the Railroad did help many fugitive slaves reach Canada West in particular, yet that its importance was much exaggerated, is now well demonstrated.1 Both aspects of this legend are central to an under­ standing of the position of the Negro in the Canadas during the decade before, and the several decades after, the Civil War. Canadian legend today claims that at least sixty thousand fugitive slaves were resident in Canada West in 1860. Contemporary estimates ranged from fifteen to seventy-five thousand, with many whites accepting figures closer to the latter. If this were so, the black population of Canada West in the 1850s was around 4 percent of the total, since the 1861 census 1. See, in particular, Larry Gara: “Propaganda Uses of the Underground Railway,” Mid-America, n.s., 23 (1952), 155-71; and idem, “The Underground Railway: Legend or Reality?”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 105 (1961), 33439. �234 A Continental Abolitionism? The Blacks in Canada for the province showed 1,396,000. That the Negro population did increase precipitously in the southwestern part of the province also is clear, a condition that helps to explain the rapidly rising anti-Negro sentiment in that portion of Canada West as well as the tendency to overestimate Negro numbers. If so many fugitive slaves did find refuge in the single province, two other conclusions follow: the great majority returned to the United States at the end of the Civil War, since the Negro population in 1871 was undeniably but a fraction of sixty thousand; and the Canadians could rightly take credit for harboring—and for at least a decade and a half giving aid to—a quite substantial body of refugees from the political and social conflicts of the Republic. Yet, both the estimates of the Negro population, and the conclusions relating to fugitive slaves that flow from these estimates, must be tempered by a number of observations: 1. While contemporary accounts often suggested that sixty thousand or more fugitive slaves were present in Canada West, in fact at least, both Canada West and Canada East were meant—as one may see when the estimates are read in context; and on occasion all of British North America was indicated. Thus, the sixty thousand should be read against a total population of over three million. In fact, the black segment of the population probably gained only a percentage point in the 1850s, since there was massive white immigration during the decade. 2. While the estimates implied that they referred to fugitive slaves only, again when read in context nearly all show that they applied to the total black population. The figures often were given out in ignorance of the presence of many free Negroes from the northern states and of free Canadian Negroes who traced themselves back to the American Revolution. One may ask, What is said of the British North American attitude toward Negroes when all were assumed to be fugitives? 2 3. In any event, the estimates utterly ignore the official censuses of the governments of the Canadas. The census for Canada West in 1851 showed a total of 4,669 Negroes, while official estimates suggested 8,000; the census for 1861 showed 11,223; and other official figures raised the total to 13,566. The 1861 census, in particular, was thought at the time and has proven since to be quite inaccurate.3 2. Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 219; Booker T. Washington, The Story of the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery (New York, 1909), 2, 240. Contemporary authority for the estimate of a total of sixty thousand Negroes in the Canadas appears in “W. M. G.” “A Sabbath among the Runaway Negroes at Niagara,” Excelsior, 5 (1856), 41. Typical exaggerations include the estimate of Thomas Nye, men­ tioned in chapter 6, note 28, above. 3. See M. C. Urquhart and K. A. H. Buckley, cds., Historical Statistics of Canada (Cambridge, 1965), pp. 1-4, for an analysis of the inaccuracy of the early census * ' j I ! ) i f ! 7 i 235 4. Further, no accurate figures can be given either for the number of fugitive slaves in the whole of the British North American provinces, or for the total number of Negroes. Many attempted to pass for white when in the Canadas, many were not enumerated, and census takers might reasonably have confused fugitive American with free American blacks, since the former often claimed the status of the latter, especially because of their misplaced fear of extradition. 5. Samuel Ringgold Ward, a fugitive slave himself, wrote in his autobiography in 1855 that reaching Canada was a most difficult task, and that "but few comparatively can come.” This would seem a logical conclusion, for the Canadas were far away and little known to the fugitives, and many were told that the colonies were uninhabitable for black men. One must assume that the majority of the total number of fugitive slaves did not reach the Canadian provinces and remained in the free northern states.4 6. This being so, how many might have reached the Canadas? Official reports suggested that the slave states lost perhaps a thousand runaway slaves a year. Assuming this to be so for the period 1830 to 1860, even had every single fugitive reached Canada safely, the total would have been only 30,000.° As it was, many died en route, disappeared and could not be accounted for, returned to the South to escape another time and be counted again (for one man escaping twice is two escapes, although he is still but one man when on Canadian soil), or remained in the North. 7. Thus, contemporary accounts tended to refer to fugitives as “passing through” Syracuse, Albany, or Cleveland “on the way to Canada.’ All of these were assumed to have reached the Canadas. But many—perhaps the majority—stopped short of the Canadian border; and many were counted more than once, “passing through” Albany and, at a later date, “passing through” Syracuse, Rochester, or Buffalo. No doubt, there were many, like William Wells Brown, who set out for Canada West and, finding ice on Lake Erie had curtailed steamer traffic, simply stayed in Ohio.6 returns. The census of 1851 is believed to have underenumerated the province’s total population by a hundred thousand. Both it and that of 1861 undercounted children. 4. Ward, Autobiography, p. 158; Gara, The Liberty Line: The Legend of the Underground Railroad (Lexington, Ky.f 1961), pp. 37-40, 67, 111, 145, 149, 161, 185-90. Gara has drawn upon the Siebert Papers in the Ohio State Historical Society and Harvard's Houghton Library; I have examined both collections and accept his conclusions. 5. However, in 1855 a Southern judge guessed that the slave states had lost “upwards of 60,000 slaves” (Kenneth M. Stampp, The Peculiar Institution: Slavery In the Ante-Bellum South [New York, 1964], p. 118). 6. See William Edward Farrison, “A Flight Across Ohio: The Escape of William Wells Brown from Slavery,” The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, 61 (1952), 272-82, and Brown’s Narrative . . . (Boston, 1847). A typical entry �lllltfw l1 It ?■ ■> niw/i ■t ’ K Wil||l;ISsji||pl|iii«| i;: ‘1 .I . i ■ U Hi t . • ■« 4 i-s’ : * /.*• < ■ ■ \ .. ...... . M. v. '4 i rm >?] •. I b? i": ■ U - it hi \ Br ; :!! 256 77ie Blacks in Canada A Continental Abolitionism? 237 8. Related to this terminological guesswork was the tendency for abolitionists, in letters, newspaper accounts, and their autobiographies, to rejoice at having put a fugitive “on the stage for Canada.” This phrase could be invoked in Cincinnati—where it meant nothing, since no stage ran from southern Ohio to Canada—as well as in Buffalo, where it had genuine meaning. To count a fugitive who boarded a stage in Cincinnati, or even Oberlin, as being safely in Canada is similar to assuming that a Hungarian refugee who was seen leaving Budapest in 1957 arrived safely in Vienna. 9. The abolitionist press quoted each other at length, usually but not always with credit, and with repetitious figures—all of which served to create the impression that refugees were reaching Canada West in waves. The Voice of the Fugitive would report that forty Negroes had arrived in Amherstburg; six weeks later the same item would be reprinted in another abolitionist journal in New York or Ohio. The forty fugitives one read of in June were the same forty that one had read of in April.7 10. The free Negro population in the northern states, and the total Negro population in British North America —fugitive and free—showed an excess of females. Most fugitives were males. One might conclude that the majority in either population therefore consisted of nonfugitives. 11. Many southerners, who had some reason to wish to exaggerate thenlosses, did not think the Canadas harbored large numbers of fugitive slaves. The New Orleans Commercial Bulletin suggested in 1859 that fifteen hundred slaves had escaped each year for fifty years. This figure applied to the entire South and was said to represent an outer limit of the possible; even so, this would have accounted for but seventy-five thousand fugitives, the upper figure sometimes given for Canada West alone. When the Baltimore Sun said, in 1856, that all living fugitives were worth thirty million dollars, it also suggested that the average value was nearly $9,000, a patent untruth.8 12. The abolitionists, who might also have wished to exaggerate thensuccesses, were less sanguine. In 1861 the American Anti-Slavery Society estimated that the total number of slaves who had escaped was well below seventy-five thousand. Most were thought to be in the North.9 13. The fugitives who did reach the British provinces were by no means entirely happy. A number returned to the northern states, through which they had passed while seeking out the North Star, further reducing the total in the Canadas. At the beginning of the Civil War, more returned. 14. After the Fugitive Slave Bill was passed, abolitionists on the border, such as Henry Bibb, Isaac Rice, and Hiram Wilson, reported that fugitives were arriving at the rate of thirty a day. This seems a substantial figure, and indeed it was when so many descended upon the strained resources of Rice or Wilson. Yet were this so, the post-1850 fugitive black population of Canada West alone (setting aside those who returned to the North or died in the province) would have been 110,000 in 1860, a clear absurdity. At the height of the fugitive influx, the total Negro population of Amherst­ burg—the single most important entry point for refugees—was at most eight hundred; and during the eighteen months of initial panic after pas­ sage of the bill, even the Toronto Globe set the figure at no higher than three thousand.10 15. On occasion free Negroes from the northern states moved into the Canadas and pretended to be fugitives in order to attract the sympathy of Canadian abolitionists or to benefit from the fugitive slave hostels. In 1854, for example, a free black barber from New Hampshire twice raised money to reach Canada by claiming that his master was pursuing him. Many of the begging preachers appear to have been free men.11 16. One of the most publicized of the Underground Railroad depots was that run by the fugitive J. W. Loguen in Syracuse. His activities were not secret, and once in a free state a fugitive could learn of Loguen and his work. Yet in nearly nine years in Syracuse, Loguen—whose account is exaggerated on other matters—saw but fifteen hundred fugitive slaves, not all of whom moved on to the Canadas.12 17. Studies of Negro songs and folk tales in Canada show relatively few references to fugitives. More important, recent investigations of southern slave songs show that Canaan, the Promised Land, and the New Jerusalem were equated most often with Africa and seldom with Canada. In the South, those slaves who contemplated other lands did not appear to have had the British provinces uppermost in their minds.13 would tell how "a female, Patsey Williams, of Kentucky, on her way to Canada, passed through Rochester Thursday" {Stratford [C. W.] Beacon, May 31, 1861). 7. And the "six covered wagons filled with Negroes" hailed by the Owen Sound Comet on May 18, 1852, were the same covered wagons earlier praised by the Detroit press. 8. Gara, Liberty Line, p. 153, quoting Baltimore Sun of March 13. The St. Catharines Journal esU'mated in 1857 that “1,500 to 2,000 slaves" were brought to Canada annually, predicted an end to slavery in the South, and that there would be no blacks in Canada by 1900. See The St Catharines and Lincoln Historical Society, St. Catharines A to Z by Junius 1856 ([St Catharines, 1967]), p. [70]. 9. Ibid., pp. 38-40. 10. Anti-Slavery Reporter, n.s., 4 (1856), 135; Toronto Globe, June 10, 1852; Montreal Gazette, Oct 4, 1860. See W. H. Withrow, “The Underground Railway," RSC, Proceedings and Transactions, sec. 2, 8 (1902), 73; Fred Landon, "Canada’s Part in Freeing the Slave,” OHS, Papers and Records, 17 (1919), 74-84; and Landon, "The Negro Migration to Canada after the Passing of the Fugitive Slave Act," JNH, 5 (1920), 22-36. 11. Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 249. 12. Loguen, The Rev. J>W. Loguen, as a Slave and as a Freeman: A Narrative of Real Life (Syracuse, N.Y., 1859), p. 444. 13. Helen Creighton, “Folklore of Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia," National i,. >1 ii i Hi JiJ. i ' mimi ifc1*11 ! .~-infill r i : H I Ill i i: ! ill I® '• r !' :: I- ! !I ■ i T: ■ Ji 8 : E> i- m I: i 8' - I";3 V 'V\ K ! i'.'i' ■ Ii i I!rE 1!i * !! • g; : 1.1 i i l, : ; '! i l: ill 1 i �m snnstsui 238 The Blacks in Canada 18. This is not surprising, for the slaves were kept in ignorance of British North America, and most of them were probably not, at the moment of their escape, thinking of taking refuge under the lion’s paw. Slaveholders emphasized the harshness of the northern climate, denied their slaves maps or the education that would enable them to read them, and suggested that all Canadians spoke French, worshipped idols, and executed black men upon arrival. Lewis Clarke, in memoirs published in 1845, said that he had been told that Canadians would skin his head, eat his children, poke out their eyes, and wear their hair as coat collars. Even so astute a Negro as Frederick Douglass thought that Canada was where “the wild goose and the swan repaired at the end of winter” and not “the home of man.” 14 19. These estimates, confusions, and exaggerations were added to by the publications of contemporary observers. In 1860, Reverend William M. Mitchell published in London an influential book on The Under-Ground Railroad. A free Negro who had been a slave driver, Mitchell lived in Toronto after 1855 as an agent for the American Baptist Free Mission Society. He claimed that the railroad had been operating for a quarter of a century and that “nearly two thousand” fugitives reached “Canada” each year. This would have meant a total fugitive population of fifty thousand; and allowing for deaths his estimate was forty-five thousand. This figure, then, is well below many of the estimates, and yet it is given by a man who had every reason to enlarge it, since he used his book as a medium by which he solicited funds for his church and school in Canada West; many of the communitarian settlers condemned him as “a pious fraud.” 10 Later it was suggested that in 1860 alone five hundred Negroes “from Canada” went into the slave states to rescue others, a figure that surely confuses border crossings into the North for business, social, and religious purposes with antislavery journeys. Even so industrious and courageous a person as Harriet Tubman made not more than nineteen (and probably fifteen) such trips over eight years.10 Museum of Canada, Bulletin No. 117 (Ottawa, 1950), pp. 86, 127; Creighton, “Songs from Nova Scotia,” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, 12 (I960), 84-85; W. J. Wintemberg, “Some Items of Ncgro-Canadian Folk-Lore,” The Journal of American Folk-Lore, 38 (1925), 621; Arthur Huff Fausct, “Folklore from the Half-Breeds in Nova Scotia," ibid., pp. 300-15; Fausct, cd., Folklore from Nova Scotia (New York, 1931), pp. vii-xiv. 14. Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke, during a Captivity of More than Twenty-Five Years, Among the Algerines of Kentucky . . . (Boston, 1845), pp. 3940; Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (Hartford, Conn., 1884) pp. 198-99. ^ 15. Mitchell, The Under-Ground Railroad, pp. 3-5, 71, 113. 16. Herbert Aptheker gives this figure in The Negro in the Abolitionist Move­ ment (New York, 1941), p. 16, perhaps drawing it from Benjamin Brawlcy, A Short History of the American Negro, 2nd rev. ed. (New York, 1927), p. 78. A Continental Abolitionism? Another of the chief accounts of the Underground Railroad was by William Still, a free Negro who from 1847 was on the staff of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery. Philadelphia was a prime entrepot for fugitive slaves, and many visited Still at his home; during fourteen years of active work on behalf of escaping slaves, includ­ ing a visit to Canada West in 1855, he kept detailed records from which, in 1872, he published his Record of Facts. Subsequent students of the Railroad drew heavily upon this massive volume of 780 finely printed pages, twice revised and extended, of narratives and letters.17 Yet a close reading of Still’s work, together with an examination of his manuscripts, does not support the notion that great streams of fugitives reached British North America through the medium of “the Road.’’ Still gives evidence on 892 fugitives in his volume—although there appear to be more, some are repetitions—and he provides names for most. Of these, he gives evidence clearly showing that 112 reached the Canadas, and he asserts on nine other occasions, without evidence, that fugitives did so; the rest are left departing from Philadelphia with “their faces set Canada-wards.” From the names provided by Still, one may identify five more who reached Canada West, unknown to him. No doubt there were others, for many fugitives changed their names—if not always radically, as when John Atkinson became John Atkins—and a number, not alone on Still’s evi­ dence, could have passed for white after arriving in the provinces. None­ theless, the figures that one may project as safely having reached British North America via Philadelphia are not, despite Still’s frequent usage of Canada as a presumptive goal, very large.18 20. Subsequent scholarship added to the figures. Many volumes re­ peated the estimates. Some, such as Homer Uri Johnson’s From Dixie to Canada: Romances and Realities of the Underground Railroad, pub­ lished in 1894,10 are presented as factual, when they were in truth a pastiche of tales. Other works, such as the highly influential treatment by Wilbur H. Siebert, The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom— the first genuinely scholarly study of the fugitive slaves’ escape routes, published in 1898—further fed the legend. Siebert (whose position at his •.i II I'!;' . || |: l! ;1 [I i$ 11 ! i i; 17. Still, The Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &c . . . (Philadelphia); Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 234, n. 1; Drew, North-Side View of Slavery, p. 43. I have examined the Letter Book of William Still, and the Journal of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society Underground Rail­ road in the PSHS, and they add little to Still’s published account 18. A number of Still’s letters have been reprinted in Carter G. Woodson, ed., “Letters Largely Personal and Private," JNH, 11 (1926), 104-75. See also Larry Gara, "William Still and the Underground Railroad,” Pennsylvania History, 28 (1961), 33-44; and C. Lightfoot Roman, The Underground Railroad (Valleyfield, P.Q., [1933]), passim. 19. (Orwell, Ohio), vol. 1 (no further volumes published); 2nd cd., 1896. : S- ii i . . i! lii: :: i1 h ! 5 ■ �I Hit \\ tji!:-' HU-M-;:-- ) . .V® ■ : >•,.•: -*l ll • .* • 3 *• V J “ § r f'i •r V‘ •’« y £ > A •' l/«' l--.. wk:>\ si mi 240 : ;|-•:. iiMME u> 1 '' ■'«j|tss|tj; , I •- . 'rV5' The Blacks in Canada A Continental Abolitionism? university was in European rather than American history) worked from published materials, a lengthy questionnaire he sent to aging antislavery advocates, and from conversations with former fugitives. He did not verify the published accounts—many of them repetitive, taken from each other— against manuscript sources, and he accepted the answers to his question­ naire at face value. His descriptions and references—to “taking an agency” for the Railroad, or “employees of the U.G.R.R.”—tended to suggest a greater degree of organization than existed.20 Even so careful a scholar as western Ontario’s Fred Landon, the foremost student of the Negro settle­ ments in Canada West, was content to accept from Siebert and elsewhere the estimates of sixty thousand fugitives, did not distinguish carefully between fugitive and free Negroes, and reported that after 1850 “the early trickle which had become a stream turned for a time into a torrent.” Siebert’s work, Landon concluded, was “authoritative.” 21 ■ . c ; • 3 ; if HI ■ i-e : .;-i.;: •, a'-- ' .;.. .• < (..i /i ■: \ i ■ will® ■ :••:>! '•* ; __ ' 241 today are descendants of fugitive slaves, the slave condition, poverty, and America—inheritors of the disgrace of both caste and mark. In 1956 when a journalist, J. C. Furnas, asked acquaintances to guess at the total number of fugitive slaves, the average reply set the figure at 270,000; some answered a million.22 Is it little wonder, then, that one heritage of the fugitive slave period, for Canadians, is an easy assumption of Negro uniformity? The legend of the Underground Railroad and its aftermath has united all Canadian Negroes into a single group in the eyes of white Canadians, reinforcing those prejudices which grow from the notion that an ethnic group must be viewed as a single social unit. To Canadians, Negroes were a monolith, both because of their color and because of their presumed origins as fugitive slaves—origins probably shared by no more than half the Negro population of Canada today. British North Americans who read the literature of the Underground Railroad, the fugitive slaves, and the abolitionists in general also were reinforced in their consciousness of moral purity. Some few accounts—by Drew, Henson, Ward, Israel Campbell, and Austin Steward in particular 23 —remarked upon the incidence of prejudice in the Canadas and compared Canada West to the northern states; but the great mass of fugitive nar­ ratives were unstinting in their praise of the Canadian haven and found no occasion to mention the quasi-segregated pattern of life developing there, the numerous demeaning incidents that the fugitives encountered, or the morass of conflicting claims made upon the confused fugitive by missionary groups, communal settlements, and school societies. In the thirty most widely known fugitive slave accounts published between 1836 and 1859, British North America is mentioned in all but four; of these twenty-six accounts, few can be said to provide anything like a realistic picture of conditions in Canada West.24 The structure of these fugitive slave narratives tended to be similar. Often the fugitive was said to have “much white blood” flowing in his veins, was forced to watch drunken masters down great quantities of whiskey (for the books also preached temperance), and had to listen to s, and b----- h”) from which religion was a foul language (“d—n, b solace taken despite the master’s disapproval. During the flight one was usually helped by Quakers, met a band of Indians, and kissed the earth of Canada. Much was written off as “substantially, if not literally, true,” as Loguen remarked. For the white reader, interest focused upon the exciting That Siebert’s Underground Railroad existed is quite true. Many brave and selfless men labored for it in behalf of the fugitive slaves. Thousands of fugitives did find refuge in Canada West And one should not denigrate the estimates contemporary to 1860 without putting something in their place. This is difficult, for the censuses were inaccurate, the fugitives often stayed in the Canadas only a few weeks, and no figures are available with consistency from school, tax, or voting records, since some but not all provide an indication of color. On the basis of my own research, the best I can offer—in addition to the statement in the Appendix—is that by 1860 the black population of Canada West alone may have reached forty thousand, three-quarters of whom had been or were fugitive slaves or their children, and therefore beneficiaries of the Underground Railroad. But the legend outgrew the reality in Canada, as legends invariably do without the correctives of time, logic, or scholarship. And the legend fed the twentieth-century assumption that nearly all black men in Canada 20. Siebert wrote many articles on the underground railroad, as well as his mas­ sive book, cited previously, The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom (see pp. 29, 70-72, 76, 151). He confuses the date of his interviews, however (compare p. 194 n. 1, and p. 249 n. 4). The uncritical acceptance of his book is shown in the Siebert Papers in the Houghton Library, vol. 45 of which contains letters and reviews (including Canadian ones) on its publication. See, for example, the Montreal Star, Jan. 28,1899. 21. Landon, “Canada and the Underground Railroad," Kingston Historical Society, Reports and Proceedings (1923), p. 17, and “The Underground Railway along the Detroit River," Michigan History, 39 (1955), 63-68. The chief volumes that build upon Siebert are: Hildegarde Hoyt Swift, The Railroad to Freedom (New York, 1932); Henrietta Buckmaster [Henkle], Let My People Go: The Story of the Under­ ground Railroad (New York, 1941); and William Breyfogle, Make Free: The Story of the Underground Railroad (Philadelphia, 1958). I.. : f 22. Furnas, Goodbye to Uncle Tom (New York, [1956]), p. 239. 23. Henson, Ward, Steward, and Drew have been cited previously. Campbell’s account, an unusually able one, was Bond and Free: or, Yearnings for Freedom . . . (Philadelphia, 1861); see especially pp. 199, 203-39, 251-64, 291-97. 24. See those titles discussed in Nelson, “Negro in Literature," pp. 60-67. : • '{ ! !. i;! ill W o i -ii, '■I: I" '■'ii I® f*i IF£ i .. !$ 1 I i i - u i? ■I1 '•i m nHi . i; ' i : ! if ,;S I£ J! i •J i: 1 j! l « t tt ; •i : ■ ; i if iiiii i ifl i ii ' �■11 I ;:• .V kU :• S- • ■'■ Sjfi jd ...a. '»: A j !»vV- - | Uy---'-‘ 1?^ * '•i-A } pirn i;V ! i..i ■ j j h i ■ '• i\ i^iPiLWi®!! uv*** flu-. b'; ::,.: tif* : : •] i| 242 The Blacks in Canada moment of escape from the master and the long journey northward to freedom; a secondary interest lay in accounts of life on the plantation, culminating in a series of brutalities which precipitated the decision to flee. Little space was given to the post-escape life of the fugitive, in part because the narratives often were written soon after the fugitive had arrived in the North or in Canada, and in larger part because the later aspects of the story held less intrinsic interest. Even Benjamin Drew, in his A North-Side View of Slavery—published in Boston in 1856 by John P. Jewett, the enterprising publisher of Uncle Tom’s Cabin—gave most of his space to accounts of how the fugitives escaped, despite his announced intention to provide a record of “the history and condition of the colored population of Upper Canada.” Representative accounts were those by J. W. Loguen, Moses Roper, and Laura Haviland, and those on Harriet Tubman. Loguen was born in Tennessee, the natural son of a white man and a slave mother. His flight to freedom, in 1834-35, was a daring undertaking; during his five years in Canada West he learned to read, took a two-hundred-acre farm (which he lost because of a partner’s bad judgment), and spoke of acquiring British citizenship. He turned to teaching school in Utica, New York; became an elder in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (and in 1868, a bishop); and was for some years a teacher and minister in Syracuse, where he was one of the prime movers in the “Jerry rescue,” leading to his taking temporary refuge with Hiram Wilson in Canada. He died in 1872. Loguen’s autobiography, which is contradictory and unclear on dates and sequences, became an important primary source for historians. Although Loguen stated that there was no Underground Railroad at the time of his flight, the Dictionary of American Biography later would note how his escape revealed that “preliminary surveys” had been made for the under­ ground system and that “a few lines already ran . . . as unerringly as railroads run through the large towns and cities.” 25 On the other hand Roper, whose narrative sold widely in England, went on to London. Later he became famous in British North America through a lecture tour.20 It was in Sarah Bradford’s biography of Harriet Tubman in 1869 that several of the songs allegedly sung as the fugitives crossed the Suspension 25. See Loguen, as a Slave and as a Freeman, which despite its date (1859) con­ tains letters for 1860; Wfilliam] H. A[Uison], “Jermain W. Loguen," DAB 11 (1943), 368-69; James Egert Allen, The Negro in New York (New York, 1964)*, pp. 74-75J and Rhodes House, Oxford, Anti-Slavery Papers: Wilson to Scoble, Feb. 24, 1852! The Syracuse Public Library’s copy of Loguen’s book contains a note indicating that he was sixty-three when he died, which suggests that he was bom in 1810 (the DAB says 1813); the New York Tribune for Oct. 1, 1872, contains an obituary. 26. Roper’s account was A Narrative of the Adventures and Escapes of Moses Roper, from American Slavary, 3rd ed. (London, 1839). /I Continental Abolitionism? 243 Bridge at the Niagara frontier were first recorded. The most famous words betrayed abolitionist and non-Negro origins, however, even as printed in the Bradford account: I’m now embarked for yonder shore, Where a man’s a man by law. De iron horse will bear me o’er, To ‘shake de lion’s paw’; Oh, righteous Father, wilt thou not pity me, And help me on to Canada, where all de slaves are free. Oh I heard Queen Victoria say, That if we would forsake, Our native land of slavery, And come across de lake, Dat she was standing on de shore, Wid arms extended wide, To give us all a peaceful home, Beyond de rolling tide. To this Bradford added, “No doubt the simple creatures . . . expected to cross a wide lake instead of a rapid river, and to see Queen Victoria with her crown upon her head, waiting with arras extended wide, to fold them all in her embrace.” 27 Laura Haviland, a white Canadian-born Quaker “Superintendent of the Underground,” also was the subject of much postemancipation writing in Canada. Her narrative, A Woman’s Life Work, although rambling, un­ clear, and filled with fictitious dialogue, unquestionably shows that she aided several fugitives to escape, knew Hiram Wilson and Isaac Rice, and was to the Detroit frontier what Harriet Tubman was to the Niagara. In addition to her active part in the Anderson extradition case, Laura Havi­ land taught school and, hoping to avoid denominational strife, opened a Christian Union Church in the Puce River area in 1852-53 with the support of Henry Bibb and two Detroit philanthropists. She suffered all the publicized rigors of the Canadian climate, frequently awakening “with snow sifting on her face, and not infrequently [finding] the snow half an inch or more deep on her bed upon rising in the morning.” 28 The point at 27. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People, 2nd ed. (New York, 1886); Smith College, Sophia Smith Collection: Martha Coffin Wright to Lucretia Coffin Mott, n.d. [18601; Earl Conrad, Harriet Tubman (Washington, 1943), passim. Conrad suggests there were fifteen trips, Bradford mentions nineteen. The author visited the Harriet Tubman Memorial Home, near Auburn, New York, but found no useful memorabilia. 28. See Mildred E. Danforth, A Quaker Pioneer: Laura Haviland, Superintendent of the Underground (New York, 1961), passim (the quotation is from p. 122); , '! ; i: i 2 tut II: i ! ■ill Mi I ; i p t •1 IIS a ■ i -j u !i kus ■i ti 1 III 3;ir iia i PI i■Hi ■ t 1 - ii lli ill! IS I I !!■ p ill I ii! S i ■ �— ■ s ij . *-*■4 ' Uy v ' \ i a . V- . v! . ■ . ■■ . ■ A ' . - Hi >; it . - ra::% IteigsBlsesystlaSlipl I I • - •■:■■■ ■ - .■ lilt E -4 (i I i! I 244 The Blacks in Canada A Continental Abolitionism? others who left moving mcmoirs-S ClariTe, »m»Brown! Wilham Harrison—were honest, for on the whole they were, but that their Sfern aV^ r;r0t *\ayS USed honeStIy by those wh0 generalized from them, adapted them to their own purposes, reprinted out-of-context extracts British North!America u^n^the^asis^of them °f » ^ * 2. zxsztzs z ai'ISrfJ"''"’ MetI,0diStS.0r BaPasts' * i™, P^sed any religion • y few were from ciUes. A number were free men Of 114 refugees upon whom Drew commented, twelve were born free and kidnappcd into slavery or fled from fear of being kidnapped. Five were passing as white. Ages ranged widely, with many being middle-aged (or as Isaac Rice defined the term, over thirly-iree) and many much fwithfall !e?!i aU Werf destitute» cominS as one said “like terrapins, L, Ve ^adi 0n 0Ur backs-” A number arrived heavily armed.20 Their attemnLTf01!!^17/38 gtnU'mQ’ and on several occasions Negroes southerners wh0 were f00lish * » route6 £u1gitivest,entered Canada West by a greater variety of routes than the earher refugees, and outside the Utopian colonies they New York ,h * Fr°m 0gdensburS Cape Vincent, in SttrataL'ym-ss-ifsa: 245 usually for Kingston, Cobourg, or Toronto. They made their way over the lakes on steamers, in smaller craft, and in one instance by floating across on a wooden gate—to land at Point Pelee, the ports of Burwell, Rowan, Talbot, and Stanley, at Long Point and Fort Erie, and elsewhere. The steamer Arrow, moving between Sandusky and Detroit under its noted Captain J. W. Keith, transported a large number of fugitives; and small vessels under Robert Wilson put in with “grain” which had been sent out from an Ashtabula warehouse for human cargo. Toronto, Brantford, Oak­ ville, Collingwood, London, and the village of Shrewsbury, saw sharp rises in their black populations as a result of such traffic. Others went among the French near Windsor but, finding them “distant,” moved away from the Detroit frontier, several establishing a short-lived all-Negro town, New Kentucky, in 1860. In 1851 the Voice of the Fugitive said that twenty-five hundred Negroes were at work on the railroad, and Ingersoll attracted a number once the line was open to Windsor because wood for the railway engines was cut and stored there. Some few went to the oil field near Petrolia, at Oil Springs.31 Just how sharp the rise was in specific communities cannot be said. In 1852 Isaac Rice thought there were between one and two thousand Ne­ groes in Hamilton, while there were “not far from one hundred” in Brantford and between two and three hundred in London. He set the black population of Chatham at fifteen hundred, and on the Detroit fron­ tier at four thousand. Two years later Drew found a thousand Negroes in Toronto, mostly in the northwest section of the city, which then had a population of forty-seven thousand. He thought there were forty Negroes in Galt, two hundred in Windsor, five hundred in Amherstburg (of a total population of two thousand), nearly the same in Colchester (of fifteen hundred population), and two thousand in or near Chatham of a total population of six thousand. Dr. Howe found seven hundred Negroes in St. Catharines, although the census had reported 472, and in Hamilton he found five hundred where the census had enumerated only 62—unlikely, given the large numbers reported for nearly a decade earlier. The census !■ ''.I I! I : i pri i'iji m i I ; ; Mi f1 1 til : Si* \i\ I ' ■ m \ ir ;! ''J eI m i , i " ■ii •I 4 ‘ di^'o?M^CmA^rab«Cti-0n,cSee 35 eXampIcs* TPL’ scraPb00k of ^tracts from hT £ I0* 18591 The Ho™rab>e Elijah Leonard: A 0a}-> n-d->, PP- 47—48; Toronto Globe, Oct. 8, 1858 Sept. 9 1859Orlo Miller, Gargoyles & Gentlemen: A History of St. Paul's Cathedral London Makers M^Canada^The R°bert True . . |j 1 ; , ' W- 31. Montreal Gazette, Aug. 10, 1853; Drew, p. 300; London (Ont) Free Press, June 21, 1926, June 30, 1956; Oakville (Ont.) Weekly Sun, Sept 7, 1960; Siebcrt, Underground Railroad, pp. 83, 148-49; O. K. Watson, “Along the Talbot Road,” Kentiana (n.p., 1939), p. 67; O. K. Watson, “Early History of Shrewsbury," Kent Historical Society, Papers and Addresses, 6 (1924), 83-84; Lauriston, “Negro Col­ onies,” p. 96; John Nettleton, “Reminiscences, 1857-1870," Huron Institute, Papers and Records, 2 (1914), 13-15; Fred London, “Over Lake Erie to Freedom," North­ west Ohio Historical Quarterly, 17 (1945), 132-38; Landon, “Fugitive Slaves in Lon­ don Ontario before 1860," London and Middlesex Historical Society, Transactions, 10 (1919), 37; Landon, “The Fugitive Slave Law and the Detroit River Frontier, 185061," Detroit Historical Society Bulletin, 7 (1950), 5-9. i n Is ; ! i !. !f] I; ! 1 i : |!'i ill i ft ii ;i .V . 'yl: ■' i] J �M. ; ■ J? J, • ilj ■ • a > 246 The Blacks in Canada reported 510 Negroes in Toronto, while Dr. Howe found 934. The proper numbers were not known and cannot now be recovered, but it is clear that while the Negroes were not so numerous as subsequent myth-making and contemporary abolitionist propaganda would lead one to believe, they nonetheless were substantial, and on occasion—in Chatham, for example—comprised as much as a third of the population.32 Conditions for the fugitives were, as before 1800, mixed. Some adjusted readily and soon enjoyed relative prosperity. John W. Lindsey, who could pass for white, was worth $10,000 or more, as were Aaron Siddles and Henry Blue of Chatham. John Little and his wife—who moved into Queen’s Bush—came to have over one hundred acres under good cultiva­ tion, could lend a friend $2,000, and owned a horse and carriage. In London, A. B. Jones, who had arrived penniless, soon owned several properties, one worth $4,000; and his brother, Alfred T., ran a prosperous pharmacy. Some fugitives became brakemen on the Great Western Rail­ road, which paid well, while others helped clear new lands around Col­ chester. Apprentices earned $2.50 a week, and waiters, especially around Niagara and in Toronto, received wages of $12.00 a month. Still, lodgings might cost $15.00 a month and earnings were seldom sufficient to replace clothing left behind, to pay for the journey to Canada of wives and children who had remained in the South, or to pay doctor’s bills. Most fugitives, badly dressed for the Canadian winters, arriving “like frogs in Egypt,” were consumptive: one Toronto woman lost ten children from tuberculosis.33 Thomas F. Page, a young man from the upper South, reported “I do not like Canada, or the Provinces. I have been to St. John, N.B., Lower Province, or Lower Canada, also St Catharines, C.W., and all around the Canada side, and I do not like it at all. The people seem to be so queer.” The more frequent sentiment probably lay closer to that expressed by John H. Hill, a skilled carpenter and an officer in a company of Negro rifle guards, who wrote to William Still, “I wants you to let the whole United States know we are satisfied here because I have seen more Pleasure since I came here than I saw in the U.S. the 24 years that I served my master.” “It is true,” he added the following year, “that I have to work very hard for comfort but I would not exchange 32. Amherstburg Quarterly Mission Journal, 1, Sept 25, 28, Oct 12, 1852; Drew, pp. 94-95, 118-19, 136, 147-48, 234-35, 321, 348-49; Siebcrt, pp. 220-21; Howe, Refugees from Slavery, pp. 15-16. In 1843 Hiram Wilson had put the Negro popula­ tion of Canada West at sixteen thousand (BPL, Samuel J. May, Jr. Papers, 1: circular, Sept 30). 33. London Free Press, June 12, 1954; M. Murray, “Stories of the Underground Railroad," The Methodist Magazine and Review, 48 (1898), 221-22; Mitchell, UnderGround Railroad, pp. 158-67; Siebert, pp. 205, 223; Drew, pp. 149-53, 198-233, 250, 270-73; Still, Underground Rail Road, pp. 2, 51, 77, 152, 319, 324, 490, 598. A Continental Abolitionism? -yrnii Jr : •; Hi 247 ’ 1 i i i l with ten thousand slave that are equel [jtc] with their masters. I am Happy, Happy.” “Those that will work,” remarked another, “do well— those that will not—not; it is the same here as everywhere. It is the best poor man’s country that I know of.”34 Until the economic panic of 1857, this judgment was a fair one. Jerry of the famous rescue became a barrel-maker in Kingston, and the equally famous Shadrach opened a restaurant in Montreal. In Toronto one Lemon John prospered by peddling his special ice creams about the streets, and in Saint John the city’s ice trade was the monopoly of a Negro, Robert Whetsel. Joseph Mink became wealthy by managing a line of stages running from Toronto. In Colchester, Nathan S. Powell survived by manufacturing and selling Powell’s Indian Tonic. In Bronte a refugee opened the first blacksmith shop; in Otterville a fugitive ran the only saloon. Still others made rope, worked as fishermen, in the brickyards and slaughterhouses, in livery stables, and as carpenters. Many women were servants, as they had been in the South, or opened dress-making or wig shops. In Hamilton, Negroes were in charge of the dead cart during the 1850s—a fact that cuts two ways—and New Brunswick had a black hangman who was regarded as standing apart from humanity, as had been the executioner of Quebec, Mathew Leveille of Martinique, in the previous century. Many Negroes, it was said, were “well dressed, quite clean and interesting,” and owned houses that were “patterns of neat­ ness.” 35 Indeed, the desire of most fugitives, once they had looked about and had overcome the initial period of adjustment, was to acquire a house and land. Most of the whites shared this goal, representative as it was of the middle-class values to which the fugitives often attached themselves. One, John Long, had owned land in the area that became Toronto in the 1830s, 34. Still, p. 333, Oct. 6, on Page; pp. 194, 197, Hill to Still, n.d. Pate 1853], and Sept. 14, 1854; Robert Jones to Still, Aug. 9, 1856, p. 272; and pp. 250-54; Drew, P. 172. 35. Fort Malden “Fugitive Slave File"; New York Tribune, Oct. 24, 1857; London Free Press, July 5, 1924, April 30, 1932; Toronto Star, Aug. 11, 1943; NBM, "Whetscl Family" file; The Life of Rev. James Thompson, The World’s Wonder (Rich­ mond, Va., 1885), pp. 13-23; Eber M. Pettit, Sketches in the History of the Under­ ground Railroad . . . (Fredonia, N.Y., 1879), p. 53; Nina Moore Tiffany, “Stories of the Fugitive Slaves, II: Shadrach," The New England Magazine, n.s., 2 (1890), 283; Blodwen Davies, Storied York: Toronto Old and New (Toronto, 1931), p. 68; Marjorie Freeman Campbell, A Mountain and a City: The Story of Hamilton (Toronto, 1966), p. 113; Lloyd A. Macham, A History of Moncton Town and City, 1855-1965 (Moncton, N.B., 1965), p. 67; A. Carle Smith, The Mosaic Province of New Brunswick (Saint John, 1965), p. 93; Andrd Lachance, Le Bourreau au Canada sous le regime frangais (Quebec, 1966), pp. 79-81; Colonial Church and School Society Report for 1856-7 (PAC microfilm): A-325, p. 55, Nov. 1, 1856. ; :: 1 j'jj i i ! 1! in ii ■ ai\ 1 ; ■; !' i3 ;! if'! j; $ ft T P froi . 4 i t; D ; \i III Iit: 1 mi?ii £ $ < : ii ii ill t ai iff a w i . ■1 i ii jf| i I1 •I I tm ii i ? 'lit>il Jii 1 1! m :: \J& i �248 A Continental Abolitionism? The Blacks in Canada and a number had acquired property in the Niagara district before 1850 and without benefit of communitarian practices. By 1853, one investigator estimated, 276 Negroes in London owned real estate valued at $13,504— an average higher than for whites in the city. In 1862 Dr. Howe found that one in eleven of Malden’s Negroes paid taxes on property, while one in thirteen in Chatham were so taxed. (In both cases, one in every three or four whites owned ratable property.) But in Windsor one in five blacks, and only one in seven whites, were ratepayers. In this case, however, the average assessment on white-owned property was $18.76, while on black it was $4.18; in Chatham the figures had been $10.63 and $4.98 respectively.36 And prejudice operated to keep even those Negroes who could afford better properties from moving else­ where. Few fugitives attempted to deny that they encountered substantial prejudice. In the 1850s city directories began to designate those residences and businesses owned by Negroes. Blacks were expelled from camp meet­ ings, and those churchmen who—like Cronyra in London—wished to help educate the fugitive, now argued that separate schools were needed because of white opposition. Dresden was called “Nigger Hole” by those who had opposed the Dawn settlement; racial jokes increased in the press; Negroes who, a decade or two earlier, had been able to employ whites to work for them no longer could do so. Throughout British North America blacks were thought, by some, to be responsible for “all the outrageous crimes, and two thirds of the minor ones”; chicken coops and laundry lines were said to require special protection where black men were about; and their women were blamed for an alleged rise in prostitution. Hotels in Hamilton, Windsor, Chatham, and London refused blacks admission, and they could not purchase cabin-class tickets on the Chatham steamer. The Montreal Gazette, turning back to the Nova Scotian experience, suggested that the fugitives should be sent to Sierra Leone. Beginning in 1855, auctioneers at the sale of building lots in the Windsor area refused to take bids from any Negroes, the city’s Herald remarking that an owner had the right to “preserve his property from deterioration.” Negroes should wish to stay with their own people, and if they did not they were welcome to leave. To oppose intermarriage and social mixing was not to be pro­ slavery. So long as blacks remained in Canada West, the Herald warned, they would “ever have to contend with their superiors,” and thus one 36. Edwin C. Giullet, Toronto from Trading Post to Great City (Toronto, 1934), p. 310; [Archibald Bremner], City of London Ontario. Canada: The Pioneer Period and the London of To-day (London, 1897), pp. 60-61; Howe, pp. 61-62; Siebert, p. 232. 249 helped them by refusing to sell them land. Canada West had become, according to Samuel Ringgold Ward, writing in what John Scoble called his “belligerent spirit,” “beneath and behind Yankee feeling” in its colorphobia.37 The widely held Canadian view that there was a disproportionate number of Negroes in prison, jails, or the insane asylum was current well before 1850—and it cannot be supported. In 1851 the provincial institu­ tion for the insane in Canada West had only one Negro among 220 patients. The Reports of Penitentiary Inspectors tended to emphasize the “high percentage” of Negroes behind bars, while noting that fugitives educated only to slavery naturally were more prone to petty crime. Nor are the percentages particularly high: in fact, of the 3,223 persons who enjoyed Toronto’s jail in 1859, 117 were black. Of 1,057 women committed in 1856, only eight were black; and of the Kingston penitentiary’s 125 prisoners, eight also were Negroes. But each Negro offense received major publicity: when blacks burned down the barns of three of their opponents; when a Negro stabbed a colleague in a raffle, another murdered an Indian, and two beat a white to death—all in 1852; when one Negro killed another over noise in a Negro church in 1853; and when two black men murdered a mail carrier in 1859 and were hanged. Through­ out these years the begging preachers and agents continued to be much in the news over their suits, assaults, and petty thefts.38 Public opinion considered that fugitives were too often not punished for minor crimes out of sympathy for their condition: “it was found,” according to the Montreal Gazette as early as 1842, “to be a sufficient reason to be an Indian or t ■ ;\ ' ill ' Vl i t. •: ; 37. Windsor Herald, Oct. 20, Nov. 3, 1855; Montreal Gazette, April 18, Sept. 16, 1851; Sarnia Observer, Nov. 25, 1859; Hamilton Canadian Illustrated News, 1 (1862), 8, 44, (1863), 131; Chambers, Things as They are in America, pp. 2728; Dclany, Niger Valley Exploring Party, p. 71; Ward, Autobiography, pp. 14446, 202; Lauriston, Romantic Kent, p. 383; Edith C. Firth, ed., The Town of York, 1815-1834: A Further Collection of Documents of Early Toronto (Toronto, 1966), pp. 333-34. 38. See, for example, Windsor Herald, Jan. 4, 1856; London (C.W.) Times, May 4, 1849; Toronto News of the Week, Aug, 28, Nov. 6, Dec. 24, 1852, March 12, 1853; The Friend of Man, Aug. 30, 1837; Brantford Expositor, July 31, Aug. 6, 1852; the Inspector’s Reports in the Appendixes to the Journal of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada, 1837-38, and the Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, 1841-43, 1860; Linton, Liquor Law, p. 24; and James Silk Buckingham, Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Other British Provinces in North America, with a Plan of National Colonization (London, n.d.), P- 67. Of 5,346 people committed to Toronto jail in 1857, only 78 were Negroes (W. G. Brownlow and Abram Pryne, Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated? . . [Philadelphia, 1858], pp. 237-38). 4• 1! ■H' �mm dnlHp. '• ! 250 The Blacks in Canada A Continental Abolitionism? 251 Negro to escape the gallows, no matter what crime they may have com­ mitted.” 38 In short, the record was broken even before it was played. This rising tide of prejudice, remarked upon by nearly all of the white members of Canadian antislavery organizations and many of the refugees themselves, was ascribed by most to four groups of people. All singled out the American-born settlers—or those who had acquired “Yankee ways”—who moved into the Niagara peninsula and, in greater numbers, into the extreme southwest corner of the province. Most had occasion to include Irish settlers as a source of anti-Negro sentiment. Others suggested that former planters from the West Indies and their children—having lost their patrimony and now displaced from what they considered to have been a leading position in Imperial society—were enemies of the black man. Finally, nearly everyone had an amorphous body of villains to blame, those “lower orders” of whatever ethnic or national origin (including but not limited to the Irish settlers) with whom the Negroes competed for work and with whose women black men allegedly were able to make their way. To prove any of these contentions would be impossible; of the fugitive at the time no proof was asked. They were, many perceived, what James G. Birney—twice the Liberty Party’s presidential candidate— had predicted they would be: “an inferior class" in the “bleak and hyper­ borean regions. » 40 Why this should have been so may not be answered clearly. Certainly imported prejudices played a role. Certainly the pressures created by a growing awareness of mass Negro arrivals, to compete for labor and allegedly to add to the crime rate, contributed. The persistence of selfconscious Negro associations, of separate communities, of improvement societies such as the Sons of Uriah or the Negro Order of Odd Fellows, and of all-Negro churches, were both a symptom of prejudice and a con­ tributor to it Unquestionably the flow of fugitives changed in character after 1850 as a result of the Fugitive Slave Act, that desperate compromise by which nationalist American statesmen attempted yet again to hold the union together. The new fugitives were not only more numerous but poorer, more ready to take fright, armed and suspicious. Among British North Americans there was a growing awareness of the many moral ambiguities thrust upon them by the fugitives and their problems. This awareness helped to induce that confusion which has always been present when Canadians have had to deal with issues not of their own making but arising mostly from the unfortunate circumstance of sharing a continent with a giant neighbor where confusion and moral ambiguity were magni­ fied, more passionate, and seemingly endemic. In short, and as we have seen, British North Americans shared the patterns of prejudice found in the North, although these patterns appeared in colors muted by distance from the central scene of action. So, too, were these patterns varied even within Canada West, and economic realities again provided the conditions that led to those differences. Systematic prejudice—in the schools, in the churches, in the sale of property—was mild in the eastern part of the southwestern peninsula, in Hamilton, and north into Toronto, while it was relatively stringent in the western part. One explanation for this observable difference—noted at the time and clear from the evidence now—is that Hamilton and Toronto were pros­ perous, especially after 1854 and even after 1857 despite the slump, and that the building trades were in need of much semiskilled labor, so that Irish and Negro alike could find jobs; while at the frontier on the west, opposite Detroit, the economy was not able to absorb the new arrivals, Prejudice, always individual, was also a matter of the moment, the place, and the market, however, for discrimination was widely practiced in St. Catharines, despite this geographical generalization. But if many of the cherished beliefs of Canadians—then and since about the haven they provided fugitives from federal marshals are myths, or at least exaggerated, a countervailing fact also remains indisputably true: in British North America, the Negro remained equal in the eyes of the law—after the abolition of slavery, and setting aside the growing tendency toward segregated education, a most damaging exception to be dealt with in a later chapter. Although challenged in 1851, Negro jurors and jury foremen served in Toronto and elsewhere, and Negroes gave evidence with full legal protection. They generally were taxed as the white man was, were punished in no harsher a manner than any other criminals, and cast their votes openly and with impunity. British consuls looked after the black Canadian’s interests when he was abroad with the same care that any British subject might expect, and even American consuls in the British provinces treated Negro Canadians with the respect that was their due.41 If social and economic realities did not conform to legislative and 39. [D. N. Haskell], The Boston Committee in Canada: A Series of Eight Letters reprinted from the Boston Atlas (Boston, 1851), p. 19; Anti-Slavery Reporter, n.s., 4 (1856), 134, 166, 229-30; The Provincial Freeman, July 4, 1857. 40. Quoted in William H. and Jane H. Pease, eds., The Antislavery Argument (Indianapolis, Ind., 1965), p. 46. 41. Anti-Slavery Reporter, June 21, 1843, and n.s., 4 (1856), 230, Voice of the Fugitive, July 2, 1851; Toronto Globe, Oct 8, 1859; Ottawa Citizen, May 3, 1867« PRO, BTI/479: Francis Waring, consul, Norfolk, Va., to J. T. Briggs, Oct 25, and ends., in re New Brunswick Negro Antonio Nicholas; NA, Foreign Semce Post Records, C.D., Halifax: cases of destitute Negro seamen (e.g., no. 6, R. W. Fraser : •• n ft �M ; t i i Hill mm 7> • .................................... iUiill 252 A Continental Abolitionism? The Blacks in Canada X ■.(« r :• ■i to William L. Marcy, Nov. 8, 1853, and no. 7, Dec. 14, 1854); Murray, “AngloAmerican Anti-Slavery Movement," pp. 324-27. 42. A-325, Report for 1856-7, p. 60: Nov. 1. 43. A longer version of the material that follows appears in Robin W. Winks, “‘A Sacred Animosity’: Abolitionism in Canada," in Martin Duberman, ed., The Anti-Slavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists (Princeton, NJ., 1965), PP301-42. * 253 events in and after 1850 in particular—the Larwill election campaign, a public petition relating to segregated schools, and the passage of the Fugitive Slave Bill—made such a society imperative in the minds of those who had followed the color question in the United States with growing apprehension. There was a ready-made group of Negro sympathizers in the white Canadians who had contributed to the support of Wilberforce, Dawn, and Elgin.44 Foremost among Canada’s abolitionists was George Brown, the powerful editor of the province’s most important newspaper, the Toronto Globe. Brown had shown an interest in the condition of the Negro in Canada from the journal’s inception in 1844. He, his brother Gordon, his father Peter, and his sister Isabella formed the nucleus of an antislavery society in Toronto; and Isabella’s husband, Thomas Henning, was the first secre­ tary of the Canadian Anti-Slavery Society as well as a member of the Globe's editorial staff until 1854.45 Far more restrained than Garrison’s Liberator and far more forthright than the lesser abolition sheets, the Globe provided the antislavery group with a forum for the “sacred ani­ mosity” its owners held toward slavery.40 In his paper Brown attacked Henry Clay, the Fugitive Slave Law, Larwill, Prince, and separate schools with equal force, for—as he wrote—Canadians had the “duty of preserv­ ing the honour of the continent” against slavery.47 The Toronto-based group were able to ground their work on previously established channels of communication. In 1827 Samuel Cornish and a Quebec-educated Jamaican, John Browne Russwurm, editors of Freedom’s Journal, which they published in New York for two years, had sent agents into Canada to solicit support. Negroes in Windsor had established a short­ lived antislavery society there, and Upper Canadians, led by John Roaf, a Congregational minister, had attended a temperance convention in Sara­ toga Springs, New York, in 1837, making contact with many American abolitionists.48 As a result, Reverend Ephraim Evans, a Wesleyan Meth- legal forms, those forms at least limited the ways in which prejudice might make itself felt. Still, the hierarchy of the unequal will have its way. In British North America, as in the United States, the Kingdom of Individuals would be long in coming. Even those who felt most committed in that cause, mem­ bers of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada and others who worked with the abolitionists to cleanse North America of that which George Brown accepted as a continental rather than merely American stain, were limited in their effectiveness by that sense of paternalism which may so easily shade into a racism no less hurtful for its presumptive benevolence; for such paternalism reveals the quiet arrogance of those who feel that they have all to give to an underprivileged group and nothing to learn from it Can one condone wholly—or condemn entirely—the blind, well-meaning certitude of that missionary-teacher who, reporting to the Colonial Church and School Society in 1856 of her Negro charges, concluded that “The worse they are, the more need there is for British Christians to instruct, enlighten and reform them”? 42 The major thrust in the Canadian contribution to worldwide abolition­ ism came not from the British mission boards, the self-segregated, selfhelp communities, the begging ministers, or the isolated Negroes of the Maritime Provinces. These groups were interested in helping those blacks who were citizens in British North America and in easing the adjustment of the fugitives. Certainly individual members of some of the communities helped to flay slavery through the press or hoped to weaken it by journeys south of the border to guide fugitives toward freedom. Certainly, too, many reasoned that any aid given to fugitives in British North America made the provinces additionally attractive, and that by creating a magnet for runaway slaves, they were helping to sap the strength of the institution. But as collective bodies they did not attack slavery directly. Abolitionism in British North America was expressed through attempts to subdue prejudice within the provinces and efforts to lend vocal and moral support, and limited financial aid, to the more exposed but also far more effective abolitionist groups in the United States.43 The first major Canadian antislavery society was created to combat the growing evidence of organized, group prejudice in Canada West. Three ilk_____ ■ ' il ■ 44. On the Negro issue in politics, see Winks, “Abolitionism in Canada," pp. 31718, n. 28. 45. J. M. S. Careless, Brown of the Globe, 1: The Voice of Upper Canada, 18181859 (Toronto, 1959), pp. 102-03; Syracuse Univ., Gerrit Smith Miller Papers: Henning to Smith, Feb. 2, 13, 1861, Oct. 12, 1863; Columbia Univ., Gay Papers: Henning to Gay, May 27, 1852, Feb. 18, 1854, April 11, 1855. 46. A phrase drawn from the Toronto Globe's notice, on June 8, 1860, of Charles Sumner’s speech before the Senate, “The Barbarism of Slavery." See The Works of Charles Sumner (Boston, 1874), J, 124. 47. See, for example, editorials of Feb. 7, March 19, May 28, Aug. 10, Sept 19, Oct. 5, Nov. 9, 1850; Feb. 22, March 6, 27, April 3, 12, 18, May 10, 13, June 20, Sept. 18, 25, Nov. 27, Dec. 18, 1851; and March 24, 1852. 48. Aptheker, Abolitionist Movement, p. 33; Washington, Story of the Negro, 2, 292-93; M. A. Garland, “Some Frontier and American Influences in Upper Canada V I !• . •t A ' i; a a ■ 1 ■ iI if i$ I K Hi 1Hi ! s 11i I1if: I '•Vi ■ -p, ;* : V '■$: : I II � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Continental Abolitionism? The Blacks in Canada: A History Description An account of the resource Photocopy of a chapter from The Blacks in Canada entitled "A Continental Abolitionism?" with some highlighting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Winks, Robin W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Yale University Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.032 1851 Canadian Census 1861 Canadian Census A Flight Across Ohio: The Escape of William Wells Brown from Slavery A Narrative of the Adventures and Escapes of Moses Roper from American Slavery A Quaker Pioneer: Laura Haviland Superintendent of the Underground A Sabbath Among the Runaway Negroes at Niagara A Sacred Animosity: Abolitionism in Canada A Short History of the American Negro A Woman's Life Work Abolitionism Abolitionist Movement Abolitionist Press Abolitionists Abram Pryne Africa African American Churches African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church Albany New York Along the Talbot Road Alvin McCudy Amelia Harris American Anti-Slavery Society American Baptist Free Mission Society American Civil War American Philosophical Society American Revolution Americanborn Canadians Amherstburg Ontario Canada Anderson Extradition Case Anglo American Anti-Slavery Movement Anti-Slavery Reporter Anti-Slavery Society of Canada Antonio Nicholas Aptheker Archibald Bremner Arrow Arthur Huff Fauset Ashtabula Ohio Auburn New York Augustus Diamond Austin Steward Authentic Narratives Autobiography Baltimore Sun Baptist Church Benjamin Brawley Benjamin Drew Bond and Free: or Booker T. Washington Boston Atlas Boston Massachusetts Brantford Expositor Brantford Ontario Canada British Mission Boards British North America British Provinces Brown of the Globe Buffalo New York Burwell Ontario Canada C. Lightfoot Roman Cambridge Massachusetts Canada Canada East Canada Nova Scotia New Brunswick and the Other British Provinces in North America with a Plan of National Colonization Canada West Canada's Part in Freeing the Slave Canadian Antislavery Organizations Canadian Antislavery Societies Canadian Censuses Canadian Liberty Political Party Canadian Racial Prejudice Canadian Racism Canadian Segregation Cape Vincent New York Carter G. Woodson Charles Sumner Chatham Ontario Canada Chatham Steamer Christian Union Church Cincinnati Ohio City of London Ontario Canada: The Pioneer Period and the London of Today Cleveland Ohio Cobourg Ontario Canada Collingwood Ontario Canada Colonial Church and School Society Columbia University Columbia University Gay Papers Communal Settlements Congregational Church Creighton Cronym D.N. Haskell Dawn Detroit Historical Society Detroit Historical Society Bulletin Detroit Michigan Dictionary of American Biography Dr. Howe Dresden Ontario Canada Drew Earl Conrad Early History of Shrewsbury Edith C. Firth Edwin C. Giullet Edwin Larwill Elgin Elijah Leonard Ephraim Evans ETc. Excelsior Folklord of Lunenburg County Nova Scotia Folklore from Nova Scotia Folklore from the Half-Breeds in Nova Scotia Foreign Service Post Records Fort Erie Fort Malden Ontario Canada Foul Language Francis Waring Fred Landon Frederick Douglass Free African Americans Freedom's Journal French From Dixie to Canada: Romance and Reality of the Underground Railroad Fugitive African Americans Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Narratives Fugitive Slaves Fugitive Slaves in London Ontario Before 1860 Galt Ontario Canada Gara Gargoyles and Gentlemen: A History of St. Paul's Cathedral London Ontario Garrison Liberator George Brown Goodbye to Uncle Tom Gordon Brown Gordon Sellar Grand Rapids Michigan Halifax Nova Scotia Hamilton Canadian Illustrated News Hamilton Ontario Canada Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman Memorial Home Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People Harvard University Harvard University Houghton Library Harvard University Houghton Library Siebert Papers Haviland Helen Creighton Henry Bibb Henry Clay Henson Herbert Aptheker Hiram Wilson Historical Statistics of Canada Homer Uri Johnson Hungary Huron Institute Huron Institute Papers and Records Illinois Immigration Indiana Indianapolis Indiana Irish Settlers Isaac Rice Isabella Brown Henning Israel Campbell J.C. Furnas J.M.S. Careless J.T. Briggs J.W. Keith J.W. Loguen Jamaica James Egert Allen James G. Birney James Silk Buckingham Jane H. Pease Jermain W. Loguen Jerry Rescue John Atkins John Atkinson John Browne Russwurm John Nettleton John P. Jewett John Roaf John Scoble Journal of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada Journal of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada Inspector's Reports Appendixes Journal of the International Folk Music Council Journal of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada Junius K.A.H. Buckley Kenneth M. Stampp Kentiana Kentucky Kingston Ontario Canada Kingston Penitentiary Lake Erie Lake Ontario Larry Gara Larwill Election Campaign Laura Haviland Letters Letters Largely Personal and Private Levi Coffin: The Friend of the Slave Lewis Clarke Lewiston New York Lexington Kentucky Life and Times of Frederick Douglass Liquor Law Loguen London and Middlesex Historical Society London England London Free Press London Ontario Canada London Times Long Point Lucretia Coffin Mott Lunenburg County Nova Scotia M.A. Garland M.C. Urquhart Maritime Provinces Martha Coffin Wright Martin Duberman Methodist Church Mid-America Mildred E. Danforth Missionary Groups Mitchell Montreal Gazette Montreal Star Moses Roper Narrative Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke National Anti-Slavery Standard National Museum of Canada National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 117 Native Americans Negro in Literature Negro Order of Odd Fellows New Hampshire New Kentucky Ontario Canada New Orleans Commerical Bulletin New York New York City New York New York Tribune New York Weekly Tribune Niagara District Canada Niagara Falls Ontario Canada Niagara Suspension Bridge Niger Valley Exploring Party Norfolk Virginia North-Side View of Slavery Northern Border Cities Northern Prejudices Northern Racism Northwest Ohio Historical Quarterly Nova Scotia Canada O.K. Watson Oakville Ontario Canada Oakville Weekly Sun Oberlin Ohio Ogdensburg New York Ohio Ohio State Historical Society Ohio State Historical Society Siebert Papers Oil Springs Ontario Canada Ontario Historical Society Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records Orlo Miller Orwell Ohio Oswego New York Ottawa Canada Ottawa Citizen Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated? Over Lake Erie to Freedom Owen Sound Comet Oxford Rhodes House Anti-Slavery Papers Paternalism Patsey Williams Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society Pennsylvania History Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery Pennsylvania State Historical Society Peter Brown Petrolia Ontario Canada Philadelphia Pennsylvania Point Pelee Canada Port Ontario New York Prince Princeton New Jersey Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Propaganda Use of the Underground Railway Public Opinion Puce River Quakers Queen Victoria R.W. Fraser Record of Facts Reports of Penitentiary Inpectors Robert Sellar Robert Wilson Robin W. Winks Rochester New York Romantic Kent Roper Rowan Ontario Canada Royal Society of Canada Royal Society of Canada Proceedings and Transactions Samuel Cornish Samuel Ringgold Ward Sandusky Ohio Sarah Bradford Saratoga Springs New York Sarnia Observer School Records School Societies Separate Schools Shrewsbury Ontario Canada Sierra Leone Slave States Smith College Smith College Sophia Smith Collection Some Frontier and American Influences in Upper Canada Some Items of Negro-Canadian Folk-Lore Songs from Nova Scotia Sons of Uriah Sophia Smith Southern Slave Songs St. Catharines A to Z St. Catharines and Lincoln Historical Society St. Catharines Journal St. Catharines Ontario Canada St. Lawrence River St. Paul's Cathedral Stanley Ontario Canada Steamers Story of the Negro Stratford Beacon Syracuse New York Syracuse Public Library Syracuse University Syracuse University Gerrit Smith Miller Papers Systematic Prejudice Talbot Ontario Canada Tax Records Temperance Convention Tennessee Text. of Rev. Wm. Harrison's Sermon at Baptist Church Amherstburg The Anti-Slavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists The Antislavery Argument The Barbarism of Slavery The Blacks in Canada: A History The Boston Committee in Canada The Friend of Man The Fugitive Slave Law and the Detroit River Frontier The Honorable Elijah Leonard: A Memoir The Journal of American Folk-Lore The Liberty Line: The Legend of the Underground Railroad The Negro in New York The Negro in the Abolitionist Movement The Negro Migration to Canada after the Passing of the Fugitive Slave Act The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South The Provincial Freeman The Rev. J.W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman The Story of the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery The Town of York 1815-1834: A Further Collection of Documents of Early Toronto The Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom The Underground Railroad: Legend or Reality? The Voice of the Fugitive The Works of Charles Sumner Things As They Are in America Thomas Henning Thomas Nye Toledo Ohio Toronto from Trading Post to Great City Toronto Globe Toronto Jail Toronto News of the Week Toronto Ontario Canada True Makers of Canada: The Narrative of Gordon Sellar who Emigrated to Canada in 1825 Tubman Uncle Tom's Cabin Underground Railroad Underground Railroad Superintendent Utica New York Vienna Austria Voice of the Fugitive Voting Records W.G. Grownlow W.H. Withrow W.J. Wintemberg W.M.G. Ward Washington Wesleyan Methodist Church West Indies Whiskey White Immigration Wilbur H. Siebert William Edward Farrison William H. Allison WIlliam H. Pease William Harrison William L. Marcy William M. Mitchell William Still William Still and the Underground Railroad William Wells Brown William Wilberforce Windsor Anti-Slavery Society Windsor Herad Windsor Herald Windsor Ontario Canada Yearnings for Freedom https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/503d236e0735df7a55625ea0348dbfdb.pdf e5162fc0249eeb668065bd0685aa8ae5 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Coming of the Fugitive Slave, 1815-1861 The Blacks in Canada: A history Description An account of the resource Photocopy of a page from The Blacks in Canada from the chapter "The Coming of the Fugitive Slave, 1815-1861" with some highlighting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Winks, Robin W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Yale University Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.031 1833 Detroit Race Riot 1851 Canadian Census A Member of the Brethren's Church African Canadians Amelia M. Murray Amherstburg Ontario Canada Audrey Saunders Miller Baptist Church Canada Canada West Canadian Census Canadian Tobacco Culture Chatham Ontario Canada Colchester Ontario Canada Colchester Township Assessment Rolls Detroit Michigan Dresden Ontario Canada Edinburgh Scotland Ethnic Groups in Upper Canada Fort Malden Assessment Rolls Fort Malden National Historic Park Museum Fort Malden Ontario Canada Fred Coyne Hamil Fugitive Slave Act G. Archbold Inquiries of an Emigrant Irish James Logan Jean R. Burnet John Howison Joseph Pickering Kentucky Lake Erie Letters from the United States Cuba and Canada London England London Ontario Canada Mary O'Brien Montreal Quebec Canada New York New York City New York Niagara River Notes of a Journey Through Canada the United States and the West Indies Nova Scotia Ontario Department of Lands and Forests Queen's Bush Ontario Canada R. Rolph Race Riots Sandwich Ontario Canada Sandwich Township Census Data Sketches of Upper Canada Slavery SPG Papers St. Catharines Ontario Canada The Canadian Cigar and Tobacco Journal The History of the Moravian Mission Among the Indians of North America The Imperial magazine The Journals of Mary O'Brien The Valley of the Lower Thames Thomas Smith Papers Tobacco Fields Toronto Ontario Canada Traite Sur la Culture du Tabac Canadien University of Toronto Upper Canada Urbanism Virginia War of 1812 Welland Ontario Canada Windsor Ontario Canada https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/b13827b5aaa1db8a709adfba413e6d28.pdf 3efe7ee0f72eef377b667ac1c75a6000 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource List of Abbreviations The Blacks in Canada: A History Description An account of the resource Photocopy of a list of abbreviations from The Blacks in Canada: A History. Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.030 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Winks, Robin W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Yale University Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 American Historical Review Boston Massachusetts Boston Public Library British Columbia Canada Canada Canadian Historical Association Canadian Historical Review Great Britain Great Britain Public Record Office Great Britain Public Record Office Colonial Office Records Great Britain Public Record Office Foreign Office Records Great Britain Public Record Office Home Office Records Great Britain Public Record Office War Office Records Halifax Nova Scotia Journal of Negro History London Church Missionary Society London England London Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Massachusetts Historical Society Mississippi Valley Historical Record New Brunswick Museum Ontario Canada Ontario Historical Society Ontario History Ontario Public Archives Ottawa Canada Pennsylvania State Historical Society Philadelphia Pennsylvania Provincial Archives of British Columbia Public Archives of Canada Public Archives of Canada Governor General's Records Public Archives of Nova Scotia Royal Society of Canada Saint John Canada The British Museum Toronto Canada Toronto Public Library United States Library of Congress United States National Archives Victoria British Columbia Canada https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/0604b7b05a1863a18f5eec2d3f017520.pdf d74ad6fc0c9cbdea4e4419577b1167ac PDF Text Text ( CANADA, with particular reference to the West i ;• i v<s» < .* -■ I l I: \ i u. T-\ I . < r: 1..... i ' O ! >; * i < i -s -< i ,62 <0-* Y ! ' I V i r; 1 v. Y : ' Y Cities and Towns — Canada 1. St. John’s 2. Sydney 3. Truro 4. Halifax 5. Guysborough 6. Digby 7. Shelburne 8. Saint John 9. Fredericton 10. Charlottetown 11. Quebec 12. Montreal 13. Ottawa 14. Kingston 15. Toronto 16. Hamilton 17. St. Catharines 18. Orillia 19. Mattawa 20. London 2 I. Chatham 22. Windsor 23. North Bay 24. Sault Ste. Marie 25. Ft. William 26. Winnipeg 27. Portage La Proirie 28. Brandon 29. Killarney 30. Emerson 3 I. Regina 32. Moose Jaw 33. Saskatoon 34. Melfort 35. Prince Albert 36. Kinistino 37. North Battleford 38. Eldon 39. Maidstone 40. Wilkie 4>i£ Uoydminster 42. Wawota 43. Kitscoty 44. Edmonton 45. Fort Saskatchewan 46. Athabaska 47. Donatville 48. Amber Valley 49. Clyde 50. Wildwood 5 I. Chip Lake 52. Drayton Valley 53. Breton 54. Drumheller 55. Calgary NORTH V 56. Brooks 57. Tilley 58. Cordston 59. Peoce River 60. Tete Jaune Cache 6 I. Barkerville 62. Kamloops 63. Yale 64. Hope 65. Penticton 66. New Westminster 67. Burnaby 68. Vancouver 69. Victoria 70. Prince Rupert 7 I. Esquimalt 72. Nanaimo 73. Vesuvius 74. Sidney 75. Saanich 76. Duncan 77. Ganges Harbour 78. Sooke 79. Shawnigon Lake 80. Dawson Creek 81. Whitehorse 82. Dawson 83. Leduc WEST TERRITORIES ALBERTA Wabumun Lake i i I •y S o I I I I I £ -7 North Saskatchewan All mops were designed by the author and were executed by Reproduction Drawings Limited, Sutton, Surrey. The maps were made possible by a grant from the Provost’s Fund of Yale University. Lake Winnipeg 34 < 1 I Arm River | 42 Vancouver Island l $ • I p*3 431 \ N. DAKOTA |Sj DAKOTA ^WYOMING I_____ h— ' * sn i I I t _____ l i ■i | 48 T CAL. \ ' £ �- id/slr CitZ&f r T**nS □ +*<- ■I : tMjl' ^ ) V Cities and Towns — U.S.A. 1. Portland 2. Concord 3. Montpelier 4. Boston 5. Providence 6. Hartford 7. New Haven 8. Albany 9. Ballston I0. Schenectady 11. Syracuse 12. Skaneateles 13. Rochester 14. Buffalo 15. Niagara Falls 16. Auburn 17. Utica18. New York City 19. Cleveland 20. Sandusky 2 I. Toledo 22. Oberlin 23. Columbus 24. Cincinnati 2 5. Philadelphia 26. Pittsburgh 27. Harrisburg 28, Indianapolis 29. Fountain City 30. Fort Woyne 3 I. Chicago 32. Springfield 33. Galesburg 34. Detroit 35. Pontiac 36. Flint 37. Lansing 38. Kalamazoo 39. Milwaukee 40. Waukesha 4 I. Duluth 42. St. Paul 43. Pembina 44. Havre 45. Browning 46. Bellingham 47. Seattle 48. San Francisco ■') ii i i ! \ ? ’ ■ f £ i Cape Breton I. ' £ I-----MASSACHUSETTS i^RHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUT NEW JERSEY �t •a Ontario and Quebec Towns — Ontario 1. 2. 3. A. 5. 6. 7. Ottowa Cornwall Morrisburg Johnstown Prescott Edwordsburgh Brockville Towns — Quebec 12. I 3. I 4. 15. 16. 17. 18. Cataraqui Both Picton Thurlow Adolphustown Peterborough Cobourg 1. 2. 3. A. Quebec Trois Rivieres Sherbrooke Granby 8. 9. IO. 11. Stanstead Lacolle St. Armand Fort Lennox Towns —New York 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Port Ontario Utico Ogdensburg Rome Peterboro Syracuse Auburn Oswego Lewiston Rochester Buffalo Cope Vincent ( N.H. \ 5 Towns — Michigan 1. Detroit 2. Pontiac 3. Port Huron 2 3.. Toronto 24. Burnhamthorpe 25. Etobicoke 26. Port Credit 27. Oakville 28. Burlington 29. Homillon 30. Stoney Creek 3 I. Mount Hope 32. Flamboro 33. Niagaro-on-the-Lake 34. St. Catharines 35. Jordan 36. Thorold St.Clair 37. 38. 39. 40. 4 I. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 5 I. 52. Niagara Foils Port Colborne Welland Chippawa Fori Erie Queenston Brantford Paris Ancaster Dundas Golt Preston Woterloo Conestogo Guelph Kitchener 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. Woolwich Elora Stratford Woodstock Norwich Simcoe 59. Chorlotlevllle 60. 6I. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. Port Dover Port Rowan Port Burwell Port Bruce Port Stonley Port Talbot St.Thomas London Ingersoll Lucon Wilberforce Goderich Port Elgin Owen Sound Mount Forest Meaford Coltingwood Barrie 78. Oro 79. 80. 8 I. 82, Orillia Penetanguishene Sarnia Petrolio 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. Oil Springs Dawn Mills Port Lampton Dover Center Walloceburg Dawn Dresden Shrewsbury Horwich Howard Buxton (Elgin) Raleigh 95. Chatham 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107, 108. 109. 110. III. Camden Blenheim Rondeau Belle River Little River Puce River Windsor Essex New Canaan Harrow Fort Malden Amherstburg Colchester Sandwich Gosfietd Otterville � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Canada, With Particular Reference to the West (Map) Description An account of the resource Photocopy of maps of Canada with Highlighting Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reproduction Drawings Limited Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.029 Adolphusiown Ontario Canada Alaska Albany New York Alberta Canada Amber Valley Canada Amherstburg Ontario Canada Ancaster Ontario Canada Athabaska Canada Auburn New York Ausable River Ballston New York Barkerville Canada Barrie Ontario Canada Bath Ontario Canada Bay of Fundy Bay of Quinte Belle River Ontario Canada Bellingham Montana Blenheim Ontario Canada Boston Massachusetts Brandford Ontario Canada Brandon Canada Breton Canada British Columbia Canada Brockville Ontario Canada Brome Quebec Canada Brooks Canada Browning Montana Buffalo New York Burlington Ontario Canada Burnaby Canada Burnhamthorpe Ontario Canada Buxton Ontario Canada Calgary Canada California Camden Ontario Canada Canada Cape Breton Island Canada Cape Vincent New York Cardston Canada Cataraqui Ontario Canada Charlottetown Canada Charlotteville Ontario Canada Chatham Canada Chatham Ontario Canada Chicago Illinois Chip Lake Canada Chippawa Ontario Canada Cincinnati Ohio Clarke Ontario Canada Cleveland Ohio Clyde Canada Cobourg Ontario Canada Colchester Ontario Canada Collingwood Ontario Canada Columbus Ohio Concord Massachusetts Conestogo Ontario Canada Connecticut Cornwall Ontario Canada Dawn Mills Ontario Canada Dawn Ontario Canada Dawson Canada Dawson Creek Canada Delta Ontario Canada Detroit Michigan Detroit River Digby Canada Donatville Canada Dover Center Ontario Canada Drayton Valley Canada Dresden Ontario Canada Drumheller Canada Duluth Minnesota Duncan Canada Dundas Ontario Canada Edmonton Canada Edwardsburgh Ontario Canada Elara Ontario Canada Eldon Canada Elgin Ontario Canada Emerson Canada Esquimalt Canada Essex Ontario Canada Etobicoke Ontario Canada Farnham Quebec Canada Flamboro Ontario Canada Flint Michigan Fort Erie Ontario Canada Fort Lennox Quebec Canada Fort Malden Ontario Canada Fort Saskatchewan Canada Fort Wayne Indiana Fountain City Indiana Fredericton Canada Ft. William Canada Galesburg Illinois Ganges Harbour Canada Ganonoque Ontario Canada Gasfield Ontario Canada Georgian Bay Goderich Ontario Canada Golt Ontario Canada Granby Quebec Canada Grand Island Grand River Guelph Ontario Canada Guysborough Canada Halifax Canada Hamilton Canada Hamilton Ontario Canada Harrisburg Pennsylvania Harrow Ontario Canada Hartford Connecticut Harwich Ontario Canada Havre Montana Hope Canada Howard Ontario Canada Hudson River Hull Quebec Canada Huntingdon Quebec Canada Idaho Ile d'Orelans Illinois Indiana Indianapolis Indiana Ingersoll Ontario Canada Iowa Johnstown Ontario Canada Jordan Ontario Canada Kalamazoo Michigan Kamloops Canada Killarney Canada Kingston Canada Kingston Ontario Canada Kinistino Canada Kitchener Ontario Canada Kitscoty Canada Knowiton Quebec Canada Labrador Canada Lacolle Quebec Canada Lake Erie Lake Huron Lake Michigan Lake Ontario Lake Simcoe Lake St. Clair Lake Superior Lake Winnepeg Lansing Michigan Leduc Canada Lewiston New York Little River Ontario Canada Lloydminster Canada London Canada London Ontario Canada Long Point Lucan Ontario Canada Maidstone Canada Maine Manitoba Canada Manitoulin Island Maryland Massachusetts Mattawa Canada Meaford Ontario Canada Melfort Canada Michigan Milwaukee Wisconsin Minnesota Missisquoi Bay Mississippi River Montana Montpelier Vermont Montreal Canada Montreal Quebec Canada Moose Jaw Canada Morrisburg Ontario Canada Mount Forest Ontario Canada Mount Hope Ontario Canada Nanaimo Canada Napanee Ontario Canada New Brunswick Canada New Canaan Ontario Canada New Hampshire New Haven Connecticut New Jersey New Westminster Canada New York New York City New York Newfoundland Canada Niagara Falls New York Niagara Falls Ontario Canada Niagara on the Lake Ontario Canada Niagara River North Battleford Canada North Boy Canada North Dakota North Saskatchewan River Northwest Territories Canada Norwich Ontario Canada Nova Scotia Canada Oakville Ontario Canada Oberlin Ohio Ogdensburg Ohio Ohio River Oil Springs Ontario Canada Ontario Canada Ora Ontario Canada Oregon Orillia Canada Orillia Ontario Canada Oshawa Ontario Canada Oswego New York Ottawa Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada Ottawa River Otterville Ontario Canada Owen Sound Ontario Canada Paris Ontario Canada Peace River Canada Pembina North Dakota Pennsylvania Pentanguishene Ontario Canada Penticton Canada Peterboro New York Petersborough Ontario Canada Petrolia Ontario Canada Philadelphia Pennsylvania Picton Ontario Canada Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Point Pelee Pontiac Michigan Port Bruce Ontario Canada Port Burwell Ontario Canada Port Colborne Ontario Canada Port Credit Ontario Canada Port Dover Ontario Canada Port Elgin Ontario Canada Port Granby Ontario Canada Port Hope Ontario Canada Port Huron Michigan Port Lampton Ontario Canada Port Ontario New York Port Rowan Ontario Canada Port Stanley Ontario Canada Port Talbot Ontario Canada Portage La Prairie Canada Portland Oregon Prescott Ontario Canada Preston Ontario Canada Prince Albert Canada Prince Edward Island Canada Prince Rupert Canada Providence Rhode Island Puce River Ontario Canada Quebec Canada Quebec City Quebec Canada Queenston Ontario Canada Raleigh Ontario Canada Regina Canada Reproduction Drawings Limited Rhode Island Richelieu River Rochester New York Rome Rondeau Ontario Canada Saanich Canada Saint John Canada Saltspring Island Canada San Francisco California Sandusky Ohio Sandwich Ontario Canada Sarnia Ontario Canada Saskatchewan Canada Saskatchewan River Saskatoon Canada Sault Ste. Marie Canada Schenectady New York Seattle Washington Shawnigon Lake Canada Shelburne Canada Sherbrooker Quebec Canada Shrewsbury Ontario Canada Sidney Canada Simcoe Ontario Canada Skaneateles New York Sooke Canada South Dakota South Saskatchewan River Springfield Illinois St. Armand Quebec Canada St. Catharines Canada St. Catharines Ontario Canada St. John's Canada St. Lawrence River St. Paul Minnesota St. Thomas Ontario Canada Stanstead Quebec Canada Stoney Creek Ontario Canada Stratford Ontario Canada Surrey Canada Sutton Canada Sydenhorn River Sydney Canada Syracuse New York Tete Jaune Cache Canada Thames River Thorold Ontario Canada Thurlow Ontario Canada Tilley Canada Toledo Ohio Toronto Canada Toronto Ontario Canada Trois Riveres Quebec Canada Truro Canada Utica New York Vancouver Canada Vancouver Island Canada Vermont Vesuvius Canada Victoria Canada Wabumun Lake Wallaceburg Ontario Canada Washington Waterloo Ontario Canada Waukesha Wisconsin Wawota Canada Welland Canal Welland Ontario Canada Westmount Quebec Canada Whitehorse Canada Wilberforce Ontario Canada Wildwood Canada Wilkie Canada Windsor Canada Windsor Ontario Canada Winnipeg Canada Wisconsin Wolfe Island Woodstock Ontario Canada Woolwich Ontario Canada Wyoming Yale Canada Yale University Yale University Provost's Fund Yukon Territory Canada https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/631ec6561b98c23da2313013313851ed.pdf bb574b4c1e1e40b5c1106dd8f49fc667 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Blacks in Canada: A History Description An account of the resource Photocopy of title page of "The Blacks in Canada" by Robin W. Winks from the Skokie Public Library Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Winks, Robin W. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available McGill-Queens University Press Yale University Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.028 Canada Canadians London England McGill-Queens University Press Montreal Canada New Haven Connecticut Robin W. Winks Skokie Public Library The Blacks in Canada: A History Yale University Press https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/6e77ebc96039f8e44e695af35f519964.pdf 316024f4440c8772ddb3d021e1621dd6 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jackson Information Request Description An account of the resource Printout of email from the Buxton National Historic Site about an information request for Andrew Jackson. Includes highlighting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shannon Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Buxton National Historic Site Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/18/2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.027 Andrew Jackson Buxton National Historic Site Canada Deerfield Illinois Deerfield Public Library Microsoft Outlook William Andrew Jackson https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/54ca5e51a91a8d4f6bd5a8e809f597c0.pdf e51a167bd762b948ca41f19d785b01aa PDF Text Text FEB o 2 REC’D DEERFIELD PURLIC LIBRARY 9?p '' ••!!■ soa?j ROAD DEER. p'L 60015-3098 ( LYMAN WILMOT HOUSE 1840 Deerfield,Illinois -I * S' 1995 Richard Hart 2735 Forest Glen Trail Riverwoods, Illinois yicOd f-iO'U M t ( S€ w to- I) is ca/ey �LYMAN WILMOT I-JOUSE 601 WilmoL Road Deerfield, Illinois The origi^31 pioneer house, probably a cabin, was built ca. 1840, with additions and revisions over the years. It is, I believe, the oldest occupied building in Lake County, an opinion confirmed by the Director of Archives of Lake County Museum, Wauconda, Illinois. The only older standing structure being a log cabin erected, three years earlier which has been moved and is a part of a historical village in a Deerfield,park. At a later date, but still early, a coach house was added to the property and used for the Wilmots' wagons, carriages, and horses. The structures still show early detail, especially hand-hewn beams and a stone'foundation in the house cellar. A unique feature of the coach house is a tower section which once contained an inside water tank. And in the house, still to be seen after more than a hundred years, are the initials scratched in a windowpane of Roswell Wilmot, one of Lyman Wilmot's sons. After the deaths of Lyman and Clarissa Wilmot in the 1890s (they are buried m Deerfield Cemetery), the property passed into the hands of various members of the family and others to the present day. Although changes have been made m the.property - to be expected in 155 years - it still retains integrity as a pioneer home. Much of Wilmot1s original acreage has been sold off over the years, but the remaining property, the size of three normal house lots, is very impressive and is unique in the community on a street bearing the historic Wilmot name. Lyman Wilmot was.a seventh generation descendant of immigrants from England who came to America m 1637 and were among the earliest settlers of Connecticut. He was born in Boone County, New York, in 1806. In 1834 Lyman's brother Jesse Wilmot journeyed to what is now the Deerfield another on the western edge of the present village. near one SSS’S4 -.55 SSi'i’ia SE,^* “■» sa sktjs.. �-2its superintendent and his wife taught. The school bears their name to this day. My children attended this school at one time and my grandchildren do now, where they are "celebrities" to their friends because they live in "Mr. Wilmot's house." The Wilmot family were ardent supporters of the North's cause during the Civil War. They were dedicated abolitionists and their home became a stop on the Underground Railroad where slaves were harbored on their way to Canada. One escaped slave was sheltered by them throughout the war. The Lyman Wilmot family was significant in the founding and early develop­ ment of the community of Deerfield, and their still-standing historic residence - evolved as it may be - is probably the oldest occupied building in Lake County. This record of the pioneer Lyman Wilmot family was presented to the Deerfield Historical Society by Richard Hart of Riverwoods, Illinois, an owner of the property in June, 1995 ( �The Wilmot homestead is located at 601 Wilmot Road. The original house consisted of a kitchen and living room with a "ladder" stairway to the space above them - the sleeping loft. One of the stories perpetuated about the home is that it once was an underground station for runaway slaves during the Civil War. Lyman Wilmot was known to have been an abolitionist. Several additions have been made through the years. In the 1920's the sun porch shown below was added. This became the main entry to the house. The other structure on the property is the coach house, built to house the coaches, or horse-drawn carriages, owned by the Wilmots. Three garages are now on the ground level. The second floor was originally a hay loft; it is now an apartment. Attached to the coach house is a shop, and an office that was formerly a greenhouse. �SETTLING IN The title of "disputed" first settler in Deerfield is held by Jesse Wilmot. He came by flatboat up the north branch of the Chicago River (that's the trickle under the bridge on Deerfield Road by the Garden Apartments) and spent the winter of 1834 here alone, As he was just scouting the area, he was not considered a settler. Meehans and Lambs are listed as early settlers, but one historian gives credit for first permanent residency to the Cadwells. Jacob Cadwe11 and his family came from Vermont and settled here in 1835. As they settled around what is now the corner of Waukegan and Deerfield Roads, the town became known as Cadwell Corners, That name, remained until 1849-50 when there was a vote to rename the town. Many German and Irish settlers had arrived by then. Irish people wanted another Erin. John Millen (who was from Deerfield, Massachusetts) suggested Deerfield as it seemed to fit the area with its abundance of wild deer. When the vote was taken, Deerfield won by four votes. Meanwhile Jesse Wilmot returned with his family and settled on land that is now around Greenwood Avenue. He convinced his brother to investigate the area, and Lyman did just that in 1837. He then returned to New York for his family and finally settled in the fall of 1840 on 240 acres of wild land around what is now Wilmot School. Here Lyman and Clarissa Wilmot raised six sons and three daughters. -6- �f • - ;-vTr \ •••v.v ■■ -•V ’ ■ ' :> ■' ■v I . 0:.Y" <’-'i vf •.-> Please satisfy-my .curiosity: Is It true that the. house at 601 ! Wilmot, Deerfield, was,a station on the Underground Rah- f . road, the pre-Civil War route by which slaves rumujig away from the Sou.a v^ispirited to Canada?-^ Deerf{?ld . • , Partly .true — partly; because only part of, the hpuse,Va I • jj small part, was a station. The'rest : of thO : house •^ 'V.'hlch • actually was the h6'me;of abolitionist Lymafl Wilmot. .one'of the founders of- DeerfieldIppg since has been replacedhy. «•;. 1. | -Wi A tag tvvv™ Imp A-Xv.v.vi'w;-; hHH^! '?!■ ■ !jg i 'x ■ K&yii 1 , c': fl m & LI m m ,. - \ _ ^Lvli % i1:: m? y> m l yj . “1 ■■ y-< • House wing (arrow) that once was Underground Rallroiid ^ station: Stopping place, on.Freedom Road, a new main section, with attached porch; , the garage arid its attached greenhouse .also have been added;,.One value f of; the onetime ‘‘station’Viriightbd'tjiat it'string a?: a lessoilte Deerfleldians’not to be impatient when- they are‘'waitmg''at the Milwaukee Road station for a commuter traih that Is 5 minutes late. In Wilmot’s day, ^riders” ori the'Underground . Railrodd;Sometimes had to wait days or evert'1weeks in-his house’ until’the moment.seemed;favorable to■' hide'-’therii^under a load of hay, in a' wagon, "and move to the next % station on the Freedom. Road. * ',.•••••• ...... ' . i. ‘,%'it * V. '• ■■N :• .; . i ..... r » t’ • o �\ r" V_ 'l;J’.vy!5'v's" - "'■■ ;.v • • ;■•* A1. V f'!' <“ !*: The weatherbeaten sign .reads, "This is the original site of the home of the Wilmots, who settled here botween 1839-40." The orig­ inal home served as an underground/station for run-away slaves. Ly;; man ;y/ilmpt was one-of the most successful farmers in Lake County. : *. • r v. *• �\ Vu -ri • •••!■ m-• mm ■ i m ■ I | | Sheldon Sullens, great grandson of Lyman and Clarissc Wilmot, visits the original Wilmot home, on Wilmot Road, during a visit to Deerfield last week. Welcoming him is present owner of the house, Robert Young. Constructed in the late 1830’s it is one of the oldest |: homes in Deerfield. Staff photo by Peggy Pollard. *Z?22■'A*i’V- ,* ‘-*»yV - wf-qy < 233 �House (left) ancl Coach House House (real'1) i i �< y.tvs-i V \ Coach House showing old farm buildings ♦ �( \ t mm hi jj * m±ff4 c "j ij V I® VM V mmsm m Stone foundation in house cellar •!' •i i ' s ?!< WKMMMM il » IlSttll? -- » liitfliiHand hewn beam in house cellar �( OO isiffflg oo .. K'T (2ZA 0 ( ifc-r'I__ ' □ *J*rt : v 0> i<& ; l f 5 iS * i 601 Wilmot Road Main House - First Floor RlC:?^D H.\RT 2735 ntvfh;v\>o,js3. km trati.. n.L. woi5 �' \ . ^ t P A/^Oj I I [ 7 <r* up ^^7 vl f" \ cu (Z1 ¥ RA Cuo -- ^ I V( ^ ^ .V ^ \Y* i t- >0 * s I + \\ CQ i ; 601 Wilmot Road Main House - Upstairs fe' N RICHARD HART ^33 FOREST GLEN TRAIL TtfVJ- V.\V:>OiVS-. [j |.. r,u(MS �«•. ! n ii 5 \ &s N: o ('' ; b t=> D �St ( PAPCFL Oll-I hel 1 (-xc^pt tk+.^ori 300 feot «h*rH*«) It* HASM'.-C', &U?LZVX?.ZW« ««r part, of t bn South 1/2 of th* Kor»hw.*» 1/4 ?h< Korrhu».n 1/4 of Stoirlon 02, ’"ovnrhlp 43 Kcrlb, Ponf^r 12 Sort- of the Third Principal F.-rldlan, lr. VoV* County, Jlllr.ul* PAPCSL rVOi "'ho ICO f<*?t cf LM 1 lr. HAtfZKG'S SUBDIVISION of part of ihv ?ou;h 1/2 «f t.hr Kcr»h*vrl lA of the J’orthwrol 1/4 of Section j2, •"ownrhlp 43 North, F.ang4 12 F.nrt of th* Ihlt-d Prlnclpol >.-rldler.# In Lak" County,1 Illlurlr 1 Hi n i 1 □ < in* 119.° I o 100. 0! ! ? I I y\ I : faff X% * ! • i j.\ 1 ef ■> 1 ! ( 1 n.^ • ; . : ;r ■> / -----r*Tp -... i\ CM O \* :; o CM ✓ // . * /• //■ : I / «•<*<<■/* o^f / I V.i a/^Jy i /\4./ . ylVi 1/tA-A 1 1 •■ ii 5! - K V \ \ •Silo .......... 11 > i ■?; : i I / » / rrr ' >.* / 2 ? . " ✓ %V » *» O cu : <r • II / m 2 *t > - /V /S.+* / I ■»! I 1 : 1 \ S } U I l ! 1» \i I ; 1 \ • ! 1 r~ o • ! 2 • I ~*rrfi N Lot nji. MI ‘ ¥ 2Jb_ \ 1 / j y N 1 19.0 _J : 3>I vv. 1 : 10 .¥ < lrtr-r, iiu...«nv.K'«*w '•*T - h .. - . ». n* "rr> �-3- ; �i ,v Hi ■ ’••• ’ V LEGEND 12 StSK^elery 3’. O'Plain Cemetery f8. Louis Gastfield Home (7542; 9. 10. 11. 13. 14. 15. 16. !*T John Millen home (1839) Philip Brand home (1844) & 12. Cadwell homes Cadwell School (1848) Alfred Parsons home (1843) Philip Vedder home (1844) Job Galloway home (1840) . r • VitzxMffiia I 19. Andrew Meier home 20. Fred Fritsch home (1842) 21. Jasper Ott 22. Jacob Ott 23. John Jacob Ott Sr. 24. Lorenz Ott 25. Jacob Luther 26. Martin Luther (1835) 27. Jennings’ homestead 28. Stewart family 29. Dose home . 30. Vincent's Grist Mill 31. Wilmot School (1847) 32. Jame Duffy (1844) 33. Patrick Carotan (A841) 34. Ludlow home ...... 35. Michael Meehan home (1835) 36. James O’Connor home 37. Dorsey home 38. Dawson home 39. Bartholamew Boylan 40. Michael Dawson 41. Michael Fagan 42. Dennis Lancaster 43. Michael Vore 44. McIntyres & Tullys 45. James Mooney 46. Philip Ott home (1836) 47. Roderbusch home 48. St. Mary's of the Woods Cemetery. Here, in 1674, Father Marquette erected a cross, preaching to the Indians. {':■?.. MfiT* MG XT T �V • i • ;.< TOWN op CUDA. TOWN or DXERFIEID. 81 Hollister nnd Robert Bennett,- Constable* John Bennett and R. P. Buck. This Town* shi|) bos n school fund of $3,839 43. The only ' Post office in this Town is Flint Creek— J. J. Bullock, Postmaster. . '-n1® vuluation of property iu this Town for was thereon waSC/a kT""* °f C°mpUted iir peculiar location, has nevor, hithorto iclod them the benefits of q pul)lic thorhfure through their midst; in consequence vhicli, they have been kept somewhat in back ground in u'business point of view, ceping their lands at a low value, whilst completion of this'Rail Road cannot fail oubliug the'vahic ofihp.ir'rcill estite. 'he population of this Town, like that of other Towns of the County, is made up n various poVtions of the civilized world ; as a community, the inhahitauts arc ■keel lor their temperate and indu'utrioui • it t well as for their perseverance and S4?75o oo frh°th re'11 nnd personaI TOWN OF DEERFIELD. . 1-J“«r(ield is n fractional Township and lies in the south-east corner of the County, nnd is north by Shields, on the east >y Bake Michigan, on the south by Cook Cpunty, and on the west by Vernon. J he.first settlement of this Town was comme. cod "i tho spring of 1836, by Jacob CadCaleb '3 E°nS,l S,1?di*on °-. Philemon, Uieh.Hirum,. and Edwin, who emigrated from Norfolk, in the State of New York, in the spring ofIS35. Among the balance oI the early settlers of this Town, were Horace inuTng the curly settlers of thisTown, v/cro toll A.Whitfr,'JoshuaA.llarudon,JohnElls•t; . II. Freeman, Amos Flint, I,. H. e, ..ohert CtuUncc, Robert Bonnet, Jnred nstock unci FrceU'iun Martin. ’hevfirst Town meeting in this Town was 1 ot the Ifouse ofNoble R. Haves. John hillock Nvas chosen moderator, and Noblo lays, clerk. The first set of Town ofti; wdVe ns follows : Supervisor, Philctus erly ; Town clerk, Noble R. Hays ; AssesJacob McGilvra; Collector, Rob. Conmee; :rseer of the Poor Francii Kelsey ; Coni* sioners of Highways, James Jones, Lewis 3ute, Harvey Lambert ; Constables, ChesBehnett aqu Wallace Bennett; Justices of Peace/ Innis Hollister and Robert Bcn*he present Town oftlcors are us follows : ler-visor, Lewis II. 'Bute ; Town Clerk, ri Sears; Assessor, Joshua lluindon’; lector; John Juckson ; Overseer of 'thu ■r, "Robert 'Bennett ;• ComihisAftnc'rD 'of hwHys, Ilaryey Lambert, Jumea Jones and r "Wheeler; Justices of tho'Peace, Ittuis l ! Dll3 lownship is mostly timbered .land having no P-rairies, except a small skirt of he Grand Prairie extending up a short distance •into the south-rrost- portion of it. There nro some two or three sWish •streams passing through tins Town, flbwim. ^ ^>. PZ • ••—.IT--- • 1 �■. • i! ( \ \i HISTORY OF LAKE COUNTY. Bartlett, followed him west in 1836, locating near Libcrtyvillc. Richard and Ransom Steele came to the county in 1S34, made claims and erected a house about two and one-half miles south of Libcr­ tyvillc. Returning cast for their families in the early winter, they occupied the new home in February, 1835. In this house, June 20, 1835, Albert B. Steele was born. He was the son of •Mr. and Mrs. Richard Steele, and was the first white child born within the limits of what is Sclllcrs Increase—River Claims Preferred—First Census Taken—Partial List of Pioneers— Trappers Who Departed When Permanent Settlers Came—Stories of the Early Residents —How They Came and Where They Located —Wynkoop's Deer Park. Richard and Ransom Steele, came to Lake o ~ . , County in 1835. Moses Putney also made a .... , claim in the same neighborhood in 183.1, as did Andrew S. Wells. Jacob Miller came out from Chicago in 1834 and built a sawmill near the mouth of Mill Creek, not far from the town line now separating Warren from Newport; went back to the city for the winter, and returned to the mill early in 1835. He also erected a flouring mill, the first in the county, as far as can be ascertained. William Green prospected on the east side of the river, in Libcrtyvillc, in 1834, but did not permanently locate there until 1837. Jesse Wilmot built a home in Deerfield in 1834, and) “bached" it for a year. Lyman, his brother, spent the summer with him, then re­ turning cast, where he remained until 1840, after which, until his death,_ he resided in this county. Joseph Flint located a claim in Cuba town­ ship, probably in 1834, which was occupied by his bachelor son, Amos Flint, who died in 1837 or 1838. The log house, whioh was jointly oc­ cupied by an aunt, Mrs. Grace Flint, and V. H. Freeman and family, burned during their first winter,' leaving them in a pitiable condition. Timber was plenty, however, and but little time elapsed before a temporary shelter replaced the burned structure. Flint Creek, in Cuba, still bears the name of the pioneer of .that township. Joseph Flint is understood to have returned cast immediacy after locating the claim. Thomas Ballard, who came to Vernon in 1835, also lost a house by fire, but before his family or furniture had been moved in. It is probably true that Captain Wright’s was the only family to spend the entire winter of 1834-5 in Lake County, although it is claimed by William E. Sundcrlin that his uncle, Pclcg Sunderhn, and family spent that season in their log home tin the York House neighborhood north­ west of Waukegan. , . , , ...... claims taken up were almost entirely along the ? , Dcs Plaines River. The early settlers signed agreements that when the land was surveyed and sold they would deed to each other any that might be within the lines staked out as "claims." These agreements were usually carried out, al­ though some litigation resulted, The river claims were quickly taken and those bordering the lakes or small streams, especially when it happened that there was a grove located near, were usually the next ones to be secured. Those living along the river suffered most with chills and fever—those banes of pioneer life— and the . prairie settlers found some compensation for being compelled to at once dig wells because of at least partial exemption from the ague. The agreements to deed back and forth any land embraced in a claim, regardless of section lines, accounts for the irregular shape of many farms in various parts of the county, and explains the long, narrow subdivisions so common along the Des Plaines. • * It is not easy at this late day to make a complete and accurate list of all who came in 1835. to separate them from those who came a year or two later, or to state just the locali­ ties where they settled. A few remained but a short time, although a majority made this their permanent home. The following list prob­ ably embraces most of those who came in 1835: In Vernon there were James Chambers, Clark Knights, Alonzo Cook, Moody Rowd, Henry Walton. Jonathan Rice. William Easton. B. F. Washburn. J. M. Washburn*, Mathias Mason. Asahcl Talcott, Roswell Rose, Andrew S. Wells, Henry Wells, William Whigam. John Gridlcy and his sons. Elisha. George and John T. Gridley. William Easton and his sons. Robert and John Easton. John A. Mills. Erastus Bailey, Matthew Hoffman and Moses Putney. In Libcrtyvillc there were Richard Steele. Ransom Steele. Davis C. Steele. Henry B. Steele, r; Lf crr Dn*c,Stcc,c-a cot ,to I 1 1 i \ 5 % t % Ift a I IK' l & • 627 1 vs CHAPTER IV. 1 9 1 f iI Si-! IIii The spring of 1835 brought many land hun- Hi I 1SIJ H >3 I 3 , 1ii: &•; I 1 (a 3 ■u i JB • I « $ I£ 1! I 1 III ?! n V': & t . !! I!I ■a!i �TOWNSHIP OF DEERFIELD.- { 425 Hi„ • .• staff m the Quartermaster’s Department. From 1837 to 1861 he was on dutv ' during the Utah troubles and served in the Civil War until failing health caused - ■ J -<0$ him to be placed on the retired list by President Lincoln in 1863. For five years \ V.‘cc-^«Icnt of .the Trader’s National Bank of Chicago. After the “’: g fire in Chicago in 1871, he spent two years in traveling with his family and ^ m 1880 settled in Highland Park where he now lives, tie has been Mayor and • ■A Alderman of that city. He was a member of the Aztec Club which was formed in 0 the City of Mexico by the officers of the army at the close of that war; also a member of the Loyal Legion, Sons of the American Revolution, and other so­ cieties. He was the author of "Turnley’s Narrative from Diaries, it u The Turnleys,” and several other books and many speeches, lectures and poems He died in 1911. m SSfiSliSS ■. HENRY S. VAIL i: He was married, March 3, 1880, to Miss Jennie C. McCulloch, after making his home in Highland. Park in 1878. He was one of the organizers of the Law and Ureter'League. LYMAN WILMOT ' son S'V • ;iv: • V;|" •. . ,r“r, • Sr?sjs • October 6 1S55 Mr. Wilmot came to Lake County in 1840, locating in the own of Deerfield. He died November 12, 1896. l• •j f- ' i >■ v WARREN HENRY WILMOT was bom in Deerfield, Lake County, 111., October 6, 1855, the son of Lyman and Clarissa (Dwight) Wilmot. He received is education in the district schools and Northwestern College at Naperville 111 He has been twice married: to Miss Minnie E. Vining in 18S0 and ten ’ later to Miss Eva P. Vant. He has served * and ten years as Supervisor of West Dccrfield'fmmTgoJ Schools and ^ • ' 10S HeeHlty-P tS>MrSliy f°,r thE NortI,ern DistrIct of IlSis, October 22, kegan Council v » ’r Republican ticket, and is a member of WauW A157’ (A‘ K * A‘ “'>* A‘ °- ** L°^’ No- 676/ i- • . $ t •• V a:. . : �RICHARD HART 2735 FOR FIST GI.HN TRAIT. KIVFKWOODS. ILL. 60015 THE WILMOT FAMILY some mention or Ri!'1 ?0,r,I<1 1,0 coinploto without a. prominent part in** thi "1?fam ly wl,,ul‘ Played. such yet or this lanraVimn ° affa,rs ,°r the community, and Portrait and ninJA1”! «y *1° «je>«ber-remains here. The "Lyman Wilmot Vho'fJlinf bum °f Lalt0 Couuty says: dent and leading ) f fifty-one years has been a rcslNew York nadthe r°» ,the to,wn °r Decrfiekl, claims birth Is i , (hi Lb C,°i1l,s nativity. The place or his the data s J«.y O22niOSf0?O,OfrVIme> *ro,om* County' and Hnnnni. /n. ,r 1S0G. His parents were Jesse and His lithe?::."0,0 WlAl,not* boLh Motives or Connecticut. • vine N Y Ai.b?rn 3' 177°- and died In Colcs177R rt'iJ”. 0?loobcr 1J* isi°- HIs wire, born June 10, and AnJCn in,1S53- They were the parents or five sons and one daughter. The sons made tho remarkable record or having all lived to celebrate their golden, weddings, brn.prt while„1?ne' the subject of this sketch, has cele- ' h s ml1 llby wedding or the sixtieth anniversary of vaV m. P Stopben B- the eldest of the five brothers, ■uni diVrt m rU,aryi, mrUTied Mlss Clauson, years- I niv* m- ' M' 1,S77,1 :l1 1,10 !l80 °r sovonty-nlno 1799 am ?" y dil”elUc''- wns l,0''“ November 2.7. 1803' \vPfidoJCn July 14, iSO4; Amos, born March 3, 1 1 d. Bc,tSy Crawford, and died in 1S78, at the ago °f seventy-six years; Asahcl was born March 24, ?n'!i0 ve Smith, and died in-St. Paul, Minn., " Millch' 18S?* at ,the aeo of eighty-four, having long been a practicing physician; Lyman ia now cighty-fivo i^nS °r,agc: : css' 1,10 youngest, was born September 13, IIvh?A m n* ' afw‘fe Blftabeth Luther, and Is now Missouri’ th° ag° °C cighty"one years in Carroll County, hair months old. Roswell 0., born July 12, 1847, wa married November 20, 1S70. to Miss Miranda C. Adams and resides in Hodgldss, Delta County,' Colo. Dwigh JunoC,n ml AandUSr n’ 1849' marrled L,zzIe Scholes S intn SS ’ and i os Ides In Evergreen Colo. Ho wa E Cn PII7n rSC,;lallV° l° the Colorado Legislature Sr ifiE mr ln ia,nuary 19’ 1852« was married Decern. hiCqm?M,1pi7|C' t0 E?,\v n ICIttell» and their homo is nov ” Eb,??g0; W^ren Henry, born October 6, 185 5 Is now a resident ot Deerneld. The children 'ofder thai pSeli!* Wer° b0rn ,n Ncw York aad those younger h "Mr. Wilmot was engaged In farming In the town o Greenwood, Steuben County. N. Y.. until 1837. when leav ‘ag b,s (am,,y» ho first came to Lake County on a pros pcctlng tour, arriving at his destination on the 20th da\ °f fjay‘ JefQ* his younger brother, had preceded hin this county in 1835, and had located In-what Is now the town of Deerfield. Mr. Wilmot visited his brothei and traveled over Northern Illinois Cor several monthand In November following returned to New York. h the fall of 1840, ho emigrated from that state to Lain hnUM.nr TUl !SJanV,y' com,ng ])y Loan» to Buffalo when J.1® ansTei-red the teams to a steamboat and took pa* Doornoi.1 (i!,lc«agr0,i Ari’lv,ng at that Port they drove t{ Dcoi field, their future homo. In February, 1S41 he pu r wi,aiM,di°neJlUndreid aVd sIxLy acres of wild land, t< which he afterwards added until he now has two hun J red and forty acres., HIs farm is largely prairie am for tlhft n^f°#i«eCtl0n 32, Where he has madQ his home *®r J he past fifty-one years. It is considered one of tin of thoam^ ° rarm3 Jn_ Dcorfleld. and tho owner is on. t m°st successful and leading agriculturists' oLal o County. In polItlc'araentimonUheils an earnest Re publlcap. In early life he was an anti-slavery Whig ant ins? Mo ™ accord with the original Abolitionists H( lost his vote at the presidential election of 184 0 by rea n°«! °, „1S removal t0 West that year. When the Republican party was organized he was one of thos. who took part in its formation In Northern Illinois H( lias-never been a seeker Tor public ofilce and has server only in minor local positions. lie was Moderator at the lust town meeting held in Deerfield, and has served aAssessor for that town. During the draft he accepted inwn'° / ?V?°iPl,.lar po?,tion of enrolling officer for hi* IhrcateiietL * ° * 16 mad° enem,es and even had his life "Lyman Wilmot. whoso name heads this record hav­ ing lost his father when a child of four years, and his mother being in poor circumstances, was obliged to leave home at the early ago of ten and make his own way in the world. He began as a farm hand. Ho was obliged to work hard, enjoyed few comforts and no luxuries. Ills educational advantages were limited to a few months' attendance at tho district schools In tho winter season. When ho arrived at tho ago of twentyfive he found that he had accumulated enough of this world s goods to set up a home Tor himself and was marvied March 17, 1831. in his native town to Miss Clarissa Dwight, a daughter of Israel and Sarah (Porter) _ . , m&w.-iaaasiwiiiii K,.Us, “ “ »• New Mr. and Mrs. Wilmot have been blessed with a large family, numbering six sons and live daughters- Vlrlrii the eldest was born June 9, 1834. in Greenwood/Steuben County, N. Y., murticd Surah Esther Hunter and resides in Humcslon, Iowa. He served in tho ;Unlon Army In tho lato war as a mumbor oT the Fifty-fifth Illinois Reir! rnent, ci,listing October 5.18C1. He was under Shcrmln In his march to the sea. and was mustered out in Dccom bor. 1SG4. Adelia. born November 1. 1835. died Novem­ ber S. of the same year. Adelia, the second or that name, was born December 20. 1S3G, and became the wife of Philip Glitzier July 29. 1857. He is numbered among the early settlers of Deerfield Township and Is now de­ ceased. Ills widow resides In Denver. Colo. Levi Davis born January 4. 1839, married Sarah A. Hodgkins and’ resides at Ilodgklss. Delta County, Colo. Ho was also a soldier of the lute war. enlisting on the lGth of Julv 1SG1. In the Forty-seventh Illinois Infantry, was wounded at the battle of Old Lake, La., being crippled for life and was mustered out at Springfield, 111., ]„ October* •.S G 4. Lyman II.. born in Deerfield, III., April ’5 ls4 l ’ ^_.,s single and resides on the old homestead. Mary horn . hv»?vio’«Wn!m0ti andm!lls w,r® aro members of the Presbytej Ian Church. They celebrated • their ruby or sixl' w®d(llng annivorsary in March of the present year Doth aro well preserved and enjoy, as they deserve7 th* high, regard of all who know them. They have reared J family of children, of whom nine are livln" and .usc ul and r®epected members of society -• The Wilmot school and Wilmot road were named fnr Lyman Wilmot. who was a leader in and example to 1 —"”y*, HIs name should ever be honored In Deer' field by letalnlng it on school and road. No such fanev .SIS S^!lll°son-WnUe'-- »?• y/J j J)//tu# ot tuX: ^ *«//1 / *7 �> he vn 0n‘‘ ^ Yopk1S35' W01° G'° «r.t HUbr. an ‘imiu,?° I?liern<!,d' The Cadwell homestead,'' on ? n 1 trail which Is now the Waukegan Road," Is at present occupied by Miss Loretta Heman. Jesse Wilmot, who married Elizabeth came up the north branch of the Chicago River inLuther, 1 S3*1 and spent the winter alone brother I vnn„' Whoro U\c vII,a6e »ow is. In 1837, his wife pi cnme and ^ 1840 Lyman brought his in n C,a,,slsa Dwight, to the 240 acres of "wild land * In the vicinity or the Wilmol school. ’ ' and the Vemi 1'1?racc Lamb's la'ld to the south. u c Person, r fa,'m' ”ow Georeo Truitt's home, and comb's (n^w Hoed's?,sI„'deU'6 'n,U' CXtentlC(’ west t0 HoU east to Lewis Gastficld's, south • to the Lamb farms. ' ’ j. f’ Ly,nai; W»mot, thc elder, was a practical nurse y ber ministrations were also those of a country r Physician. All who remember her recall her "water j cure treatments in the years from 1S4 0 to 1880. She £ always wore a black lace cap, and used a large doc\°ls for diagnosis. I-Icr tall, slender figure appear?ta home meant comfort to the stricken, and ease of t0 y°rried Parent- Mrs- Lange, and Mrs. Lewis v Todd, and Mrs. Wilmot were the women who assisted vat the arrival of infants, when physicians, graduate -V' *<iCS’ ^nd anaesthetics were not considered necessities. Miss Josephine Woodman has had a maternity home f m her home for over twenty years, and it is now i;*«5KCnfCt* as, ^iC J°sePbinc Woodman Maternity Home ; ?.he bas a bed *or but one patient. . Mrs. Albert Hagi Sfjrs* Tl^odore Taylor, and Mrs. Fred Bleimehl (who was iAlrs CntchJey), and Mrs. Carolyn Becker, have been rpractlcal nurses. ss iw*?.f:^U-s,rvery0uct?v,tlesmlne- Th" ‘3 Mrs.. Wessljng's recollection of the early history of this locality are vivid ones. She was sixteen when Abraham • Lincoln was assassinated, and she saw his body lying in state in the courthouse in Chicago. She and her brother. Silas, were In the Wilmot school when Lyman Wilmot brought the sad news of Lincoln's death. . The second day of the Chicago Are Mrs. Wessling was on her way to Chicago, with her father and mother, to visit her husbands cousin, Henry Wessling, and to see her broth­ ers, Silas and George Brand, who lived in the Martin btangcr tavern, when they met a man whose horse was so covered with foam as to make the color or the animal In­ distinguishable. I-Ic had ridden as far as Niles to tell the people that Chicago was burning. Philip Ott and Alfred Parsons wero In land buying business. From the letters of the former to the latter/one from Hoopole Grove dated July 8. 1853, says: '‘You have boi^U °tf bl\t U 13 aU wet land, except G acres, but [vr\l n Good grass land, and will by and by sell ncll. Mi. Gloss, whom wo mot on the road to Prophets nUn lp«f«W*trdiil0 !®t# ,b°UKht thc Dailey place for $350, and '..r bmicht Vnlnri 3 P(on Sender's »-oad In Deerfield. <5200 fm- n,f°P 0fC Jci3*?e w,lmot’ very good land for . ?2°0 foj the Company, and Intend to buy SO acres more off the I-Icnry Place which will corner with the 40 acres that you entered, and I think will bo of good valued us look very good. Corn is eight Tcct high." • 1 In comparison of land values, in 1917 the Wilmot school board paid ?G02 an acre for Wilmot land. To the south nm-olC M1}101’ sold a 120-acre farm for $200 an f", wna -it WOO an acre tor the flrst ten S a^s.^blfe same WlfmSTanc] R°°° n" :E many of the On his way to the dedication of the Calvanlstlc or Refoi med Lutheran Church on Dundee Road about 184S he went through the Frey farm, and remembers a little snow bird s nest full of eggs in tho snow. The congrega­ tion and visitors at the dedication ceremony were "packed.In like herrings." Samuel Ott was the first Sunday School teacher in the Wilmot School, assisting Lyman Wilmot who was superintendent. ■7ft /,/ ty D-fc,-yu f,/' ,*)// / /92-J? l0‘' Un aC1'03 °£ tho �p T!1^ GUTZLER FAMILY October*?ia^Qn©Gutz,ier was born ,n Sundhausen, Alsace, was born rno h,s w,f0* Margaret Elizabeth Hetzcl, Germans n?,Crsthclm’ A,sacc* April 1G. 1S0U. They were fntl sky that Phi'iip°k'! Gu“# -U,0m W#“U,y ,,0°"|C’ had riding horses and other u^l.rIes ln his home country. when5 ,'LrVV?S, an,only daughter of wealthy parents, and broi.rhV\ famlly came t0 Deerfield, Mrs. Guttler She S oil USCi°U ,,ncns 5l,Hl silks, and a short time before these shriii?;? ,Dece,nbuJ’ 7* 1351. she directed that some of Lcrs 1 Ul be saved for eaeli of her four surviving daugharrJval ,n Deerfield, Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Gutzif,* r1ronJ Je5jse Wilmot (brother of Lyman Wilmot) of aUv^r'money aU< s,xly’acrc farm. paying for It two pecks WnVl? mother of Philip Jacob Gutzlcr came with them. iVsn \m.C, 3 not known t0 kcr descendants. She died about Nnrih M or elghtjr-eight. and was buried in tho first ivoitli Northficld Cemetery. Another member of the Gutzler household was old Grctel. V. i huousekceper, who came to America with them. Grctel cued about March. 18G0. She had some money "out," und oy the will of Philip Gutzler (who died January 7. 185G) as to be given a home with his.son, or have another found .r her. A small house was built for Gretel across the road, and after she died It became the property of Mr. Hess. The will also provided that the eldest son (or one of the two elder sons) should care for the younger Gutzlcr chil­ dren, and pay to each one thousand dollars, when lie or she became of age. Philip Gutzler, the eldest son, fulfilled these requirements and acquired the homestead, eighty acres of woodland, also sonic money invested. Philip Jacob Gutzler, his wife, who was Margaret Eliza­ beth Hetzcl, and their daughter, Salome (born in Gertshelm, July 9, 1837, and died In Deerfield in December, 1S50), were burled in the old Evangelical Association Churchyard In North Northficld. 111. About, fifty years later (about ’.905) under the supervision of Philip Jacob Gutzler’s daughter, Mrs. Lydia Himmel, the three caskets wero disinterred intact and removed to the newer cemetery half a milcT'east of the church. Philip Gutzler was born In Gcrsthcim, April 2, 1830. and camo to Deerfield with his parents In 1841. He attended the Wilmot School, and lived the usual life of a boy on the .farm. When he was nineteen the whole United States was electrified by the rumor of astounding gold discoveries In our newly acquired territory of California. It was almost without inhabitants, and the field was open to all who could get there. The wildest excitement and activity prevailed throughout the country, and every city and village throbbed with feverish Impulse to rush to the "diggings." The boys on the farm "out west," as Illinois was then called, did not escape-the contagion. Tho maps then published showed all of the territory west of the state of Missouri as a blank across which was printed the words "Great American Desert." The difilculty of reaching this unknown country restrained thousands from the attempt, so that those only who possessed natural courage or adventurous proclivities actually made the great plunge. In 1851, Philip Gutzler could no longer resist the golden lure, and being then or age, felt that he was free to go, and, in company with several other young men or the neigh­ borhood (among whom were Jacob Ott and Ills nephew. Jacob Ott. Philip Ott. Andrew Meier, George Arnold, Philip Lehman and one of the Luther boys), started bn the Jour­ ney. The "Argonauts” had several routes from which to choose: A tedious sea journey around Cape Horn, a partly ' sea and partly land route across the Isthmus of Panama, or Nicaragua, or Mexico, or following westward the buf­ falo trails which were already outlined by the bleaching bones of beasts and men who had succumbed to the hard­ ships of the desert, or had been killed by tho Indians. Tho • Dcorflcld party choso the routo across the Isthmus of Pan­ ama. i /-//'/ /ftsl/ eg M'S. /gy.cM, (gl// '92- The ocean voyages, with the poor accommodations of tho uotnrlnuiily lundoqunln vnminln. worn a much drnadod part *»f llio JournXsy; but ail ho ulwayu wau n good a uullor, Philip Gutzlcr was In better health and spirits than tho majority or the paaoengoro when they came to anchor In tho Harbor of Chagreo. Travel ucroiiii the liilhimm wan by cniiouu, or buugon, up tho Chagres River, following about tlio samo lino as the Panama Canal, was dug- sixty years later. Part of the distance tho men walked and over some of the way they wero carried In chairs strapped on the backs of the natives. These natives, who beforo the "Gold Rush" were exception­ ally honest people, by two years' contact with American radians, had been changed to thieves and murderers, and the whole route across tho Isthmus was Infested with Amer. lean, English and Spanish highwaymen, who pounced upon defenseless travellers at every opportunity. After crossing the Isthmus there was another sea journey (which some­ times took three months) beforo they passed through the Golden Gate, and stepped ashore upon the "Promised Land.” Philip Gutzler’s next five years were spent In the vicinity of San Francisco, Sacramento, Monterey, and Santa Cruz. For five years tho "rush" continued. Some of the dis­ coveries were wonderful, but the greater number of people, wrought to a pitch of nervous frenzy by the myriad reports flying about, were too easily Influenced to leave a locality of moderate wealth to plunge into the unknown beyond the mountains. After months of fruitless searching for the proclaimed ‘Inexhaustible focus of gold," they would return those who had not succumbed to privation—poverty stricken and rag­ ged, to find the claims they had left already occupied.by fresh arrivals. This sort of work was too uncertain to suit Philip Gutzler, so after two years of Indifferent success at placer mining, lie started-to grow wheat. Some of the time that he was In. California flour was as high as one dollar a pound, and many a man mined half a day to pay the price of a loaf of bread. Sugar cost a dollar a pound, and butter two dollars and a half. The producer’s profits were certain and though not large compared to that of the most fortunate gold seeker’s, at any rnto Inrgo onougli to prove tho wisdom of his choice. Philip Gutzler prospered until ho had a severe attack of typhoid fever. With .this, and its attendant ills, he was sick for a year. A man nurse was employed when the most ordinary labor cost ten dollars a day. Eggs >vere ono dollar each, and milk seventy-five cents a quart. This year’s sickness cost Philip Gutzler a small fortune, but, even with such* great expense, the years spent in Californfa pyi>—l profitable. The first letter to reach him from his Illinois home told of his mother’s death, and after being away five years, he was called home by the death of Ills father. By that time a railroad had been built so the Journey was not attended with so many hardships. ? On his return It was arranged that Philip should tako his father’s farm, care for the younger children of the family, and as his six brothers and sisters became of age, to pay each one thousand dollars. On July 29, 1857, Philip Gutzler married Adclla Wilmot daughter of Lyman and Clarissa Dwight Wilmot. The re­ mainder of his life was spent on the old homestead where ho led tho active life of a successful farmer. Plls last six years were marred by falling health, and on. June 30, 18S2, he died at the age of fifty-two, respected as a man of the highest honor. After his death the farm was sold to George Stryker. Michael was tlje second son or Philip Jacob Gutzler and his wire, Margaret Elizabeth I-Ictzcl. Michael was born June 15, 1833,, In Gcrsthcim. Alsace. He married Mary I weed, November, 1855, In Waukegan, III. They made their home In Mount Vernon, Iowa. Mary Elizabeth (always called by her second name) was Vjri1 1®; 184*; married John Stryker on March 27, iSGO. 1 hey lived ln Northficld. then in Ravenswood, III whero Mrs. Stryker died December 27. 1914. She was burled In Grnccland Ccmotcry. , *r.ayy’ b0Trn October 30. 1842, In Deerfield, III,, married 111 StorHngJI?|UCt ° CbIctlE:o' January 5, 1859. She died Anna Lydia (always known as Lydia), who was born S°“il0r,7n-,,,o*.<"-J,,llDoonrfioMl Chl«eo. EviuigoUca, ‘-ha auperfect w !iv cs^lh rtii °t 1 Tosc whTch°K �m Clil«:n(r0 Novci!*’i** 1 rc?!;r 'vo,mi,,» a,,d “Nor her death In managed ably to ^^rand s,“u" .„ wont to a place In ,„e tl"** when the toucher "bourdo 1 uro iid'u„!i AT wwro fho mio of Adel la's pupils asked ir Ji o ,u?lU ono morning house next week. 1 “Next week?* c?mo to tIle,r better do. Ma says she wants vo„ fflYe>i m£*m’ and *a and tho flour aro all gone ’’ 1 7 1 0 befor0 tho ^ gTSM? Sho attended ^ifso^ooli1 ^Iattl0)! b°™ “ay 24. S' western Uni versify <?]?«?; afwr)vard &0'ne to the Northa»d Cook Counties’ ? 1,1 various places ImLalco Eanlzed the 0 A O Snfl,1Ci; frIand-’ E*nma Hall. or: °‘ln llm hshd a l0ne’ °*<sten1e In Deerfldd!'' 1 “t,rar* eQ' ■ where she married Elmer'E "hllMc? CoIoradoHattlo Gutzlcr Miller dfnd rLM . ’ November 14. 1888. after she heeame°adIjWdCemb0r 1888' 'C33 lbaa a tended schoSserit„GLaker^3 Vor» >avcU 23. 1802. Ho at■■led Anna L. Hodman or hI^ aild c,llcaEo. Ho mareast 31, 1SS-1. They movedTn ?° “• I_ ,cnry Col"u>'- I"-. An- wGo°rf Henry''^ut’m^ 'S ^ f3°Utb dale Mich EanV°°HnA?ad0my and ^Ulsdale College, H'Us USs! He mm rled MarJ"Si a aa“la™" ia Colorado In Stryker) of Doorfinid n oStijlcci (daughter of George make hla l1i8?°i. ?? returncd ^ G. 1920. en,c,d ,n lsy3- and died hero January tended locaKsc lio»|“ ! ml NmLl ", " 3‘ 1SG'k Ho at' In l.artncrshl,, h' " ,."°Sor" Ulli/«‘sUy. llo was when George rotui-nclto iim, * 2?0,'?c- l" CoIoiad°. and et the ranches and’stock L°Vl Look « vlllc^Coforado, GOctobo;n28r‘lsS7NOD thou'- y- n 'n Lcad-- Franco. In tho Argonno Forest! °n the batt,c,1<:Id3 •«* citizens. ?lol*d*id'V?n h'ls tomn c0m>n>nilty’s most useful March 31, 1927. Ho was nadlum' Colorado, llenver, „„ Ulu (Iay l.ororo hm'ii xt^thl'"? n"!, 9°mcloryversary. M,xly-thhd birthday annl- neafl'relg'ueen.qa,!fLru3nu!uair0V0'’1'le,r 27> 18CG' When Northwestern University ho u\°}£slng atudcnt In January 2S. lSSd llc is buwl^ d,pbLhci^ ^ Evanston. Frances Willard, the noted tomnl..in Dcc.rn°ld Cemetery. Sunday School tiacher tcmpcrance advocate, was his is a g^dua?eCofC 7' 1875- She vcrslty: graduate of ScotL S^io^ 'n" ^ l> Pcnvcr Un«* She was married on I<>br^ °C E,O0utIon. SkInker of Denver. Colorado ^vh'ero 9<.h«t0 Gco,’e(' M«>->’ay furnished the details of tills* most iniorno^ rf3,dc3lory, also some new material iov thl iS fJStI"er tamlly '"*• Adella Wlhnot (who married^hnin rutlrtfv'i Bi?ryyears of age when she came fro v01 p was but four wltli her parents In 1840. Her colon hi York ,to Dcc,’dcld tho Bradley. Dwight Porte. PvS ancestry Includes and Bancroft fnml ies^ whiio M,/1„e7l-xNe'vbcrry. Willis, berry library In Chicago a ul in l" thc New! genaloglcal records. other libraries containing In her old age many were the storied i ... her grandchildren of the singing / i l?}a lo ing bees" that were held in thp\rh«ni \ ‘l 110 sPc11’ ‘‘apple parings,” and the "eon.1 hikings "h°US°* , Qnd of the In the neighborhood of the Wlhnot *’ ’ and tho quiltings and Doarfleld Scliools. nnd of one hostess who reached 111 o acme of clocaiico hv providing little dishes ,U saucers/° SCt l!,0,p cups ^hllj they drank tea from their S ch ool°h c fat ho i^Took °h c r *t If.lj her ty vl Uodte ° the WiImot in tho Academy. This was such n Ion 1° pur.BU0 a courso It was necessary for them to rcinal i Sn!'0,,F .J®l,Pncy that in Half Day (a distance reached In / n,g U at an In an automobllo today). After-sunnof. M,nu half nn hour, about tho fireplace and talked, while Two nli®,”10*1 ^athorcd. i n rni'iim* . Old WOHlAn pIioMa.i corner. Hnn One old ________ woman ... told that whr»n 'T°men chatted'. - sno was was na hn'"' baby • wns so small that she could Ho 10o Wns father's hand and rest”lic!• “)»oad 'on1 h°l,,Ul^ falm of her.' Tho other old c-ono. Intently i, to°ostod Cor a ishinent, Inquired. "And did you i|VQS-* r (l ,n eroat aston-. ness came thc reply. "They .said I did n,w!‘ 1>e,rcct serious- ....... ....... . -t^^ AS5:^ns„t■ M jmsSHSiwH?s“- pissn Piiilll SSdW, toeot!.lorramois m ne . They ‘stt uck" l' rich-0' AUlerson'broth'Tld's 111031 IlllisSIsli Aldersou were very religious More* ri,nI „m0t a?d John century later when Lyman mido^ils last visit to"^^? 1.“ i'X*., 10y °nce.1,ad held- Then John Aldorson said? "iS toi tune was not meant for us for if «#« i.n,i ’ That never could have served my Lord and &«.«??■ .SCCUTrcd it I satisfaction that they haS°noTwhlwd\heath!n0ghf0ra ^hV0* S’ :SS'C Ss avSF - “■ *■»=,ts,:; He never tease l.rm'about''l,olHga" old mamiT" Sl?le,\ 1Slla’ llked ‘® loads and slow traveflnc U ^vnl r ' ,In tho days of bad many of tho household suinlfM rS!,,,d ^J^enient to buy Jew happened to stoo at nli wn ^,0»nl l,eddlei's. One day a Ste.t£"vf‘“ looting sheath/ It was obvIo s M,^^ U,,der the ^ woiild bo useful for many things * new ,nvent,on nearly stranded by''im^'efforts tT'kn ,nl?"<led and was ^ t^o„m us: at “vr *50 Dcei-nold of tho "Safety first" Wen.^ •l'-. Introduet,on ‘"to �.d;Mon's Club with u membership of 17. Like the J. O. Tt. Club ibis organ!-/.alion has for its purpose Christian P% T sorvlco nml fellowship. Two inonihoru of the club uro l OHO The president of Iho . oMcom la tbo Sunday School, •allduh In a mmulior of the church council Tbo uidwrlng *'or :BMiJt *1 tho divine niwvlr.im In In charge of the Young Mon h 2- ui ?W.j Club. Two inciuliui'H iiorvu uu mauagum of U»o ill. 1’nul it Honihl. The club was organized In Iho spring of 1!)G. >' v.i tM Tbo present olllcors of Iho organization arc: l'Toyd Bock, -9vjS President; Alfred Schwab, Treasurer; Alfred Johnson, set-'Mjft g®. Socrctary. As •■•lloth clubs meet every Sunday morning for religious Instruction, and one evening a month, for business, soiemand fellowship. Pod ood was |f ffc'THE. EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION CHURCH • iftffi& Tlio Evangelical Association Church in Amorica was ;ory, v,g£ &$$■<founded by Jacob Albright among the Pennsylvania Gcrd Inm gSS'mani In Novoinlier, 1803, in Lebanon, County, Pcnnsyltl\e '.S gS'Yftnla. "These people have a dialect, customs, and traits nlon SgSpH'ot.character peculiarly their own," according to tho hiseacli m pElorlon of The Annals of the Evangelical Association of v'ii M.Norlh America and • History of. ti»o United Evangelical tho I|f; Church, ltcv. A. Stapleton. The first; church and printheld lug olllcc of tbo Evangelical Association was erected In i guy l |llE 1816 In Now Uorlln. Union County. Pennsylvania. This church Is really a Cerman Methodist Church, but Is an $ &Tentirely Independent one. The original members wore culled "Albrights." , . servWhJ stify- % f-vis■ 'lyTlio first Evangelical Church in Illinois was organized the Stnngcr Grove, the home of Martin Stangcr, father m on;..y* of George Stangcr of Deerfield. Iho other families who s and 'ifc, Jolnod the Stangers were the Luther, Jacob Ott, Jacob serv-'i^ ed to % fctiXKichor, and Countryman families. The first minister s say, *■# Kwas ilcv.. lloess, who came on horseback fromlonnsylLlon? vanla to preach. Three churches in succession were come built-near the Nurlhllelcl Cometory. The first church i con-;i??fe^.vna a crudo log one built In 18*17 on a hill west of the nation ^ cemetery on tbo land of Mike Schoelle. Iho second memwuh on the Nicholas Miller farm, where the parsonage in re- tMlftnow Blands, and was later sold lo John Forko, who loro It down and moved it to his farm in Wheeling. ®$*“orly-flvo years ago the third one was built on the souLliber. :®®VC8l corncr of JoIlu Slreicher's land given for the pur^gwjl^Tho Philip Brand family walked from their farm a mm „ DLL iBsSfinllo north of Deerfield to the North field corncr to nlMr. ' ' ■'I'E^’vlond church services, a distance of four miles. harcU-$ KjJroml helped hew Lhe logs for the first church. * Sfe . Whon more settlers came to West Deerfield township. (%.iorYiccB wero held In the homo oT Philip Glitzier. MiuTl,iors who preached In the Gutzlcrhomo wero Devs. ^yfilooffort. Gocsslo, Laeglcr and Hlmmcl. The children . 7. gffiof tlio German families attended Sunday School In tho nations •’P*lS\Vllmot School, whero Lyman Wllmot was Supcrlnlcnd1800.r ' /®f«nt, and tho services were In English. Children caino itor of t Sfoffrom long distances to attempt to speak English and ircssed ••Miouru Tho Bible In tho language of their adopted romote + a?i?counlry. Samuel Ott helped Lyman Wllmot as trams2h and Iflutor' aml assistant superintendent. These Immigrants 2>Voro Lutherans in the mother country, hut as they so) the or- vgjfclourncd in Warren, Pouu., for about two years, they W. T. :J ^idoplcd this new sect which had conceived a more strict r, Min- i j§3doctrlno of personal conduct, particularly on the lluuor ’• Anna v ■■l^nupslloii. , . izabeth \Tho' last Northllold Evangelical Association Church. T^callod tho O’Plaiu Church, on the southwest corncr of and at .y tg&DunUoo and Saunders Hoads, was built in 1880. The c inter- T wfunilud Evangelical Church across tho road was built propor-' ^®iuT8!)0. urch in 7: Noto from the Conrcrenco Book; ■fi&vlu 1842 salaries of ministers wcr.o fixed at ?Gu per t; Mrs. .'i iSyVoo.r for an unmarried man. ?105 Tor married men, and olinson,"*j additional for each child under fourteen years of •••vMv/J • an extra amount for traveling expenses.' "This ll’S «»UB08 considerable rejoicing. There was a surplus in • i iSibo Conference Treasury that was also divided." Young ju 1843 the Illinois district had a Des Plaines circuit, Club, a -i iho. presiding elder was C. Kopp. In 184*1, Clirls•«ce and V SwtJau Llnlner was elder for Lilia district. On June 11. , some MO. John Jacob Escher was "newly received" in tho • y comullies Conference. In 18*1(1 lwo oldors were ap• ra aro-;j Pointed'for tho Des Plaines distrief. C. Kopp and Samuel ized in • [Sjjlckovcr. In 18*17, on the ».)es Plaines circuit. C. Anthe of- ;• ’^jronsloin and George Messu*- -{wurn appointed. In 1848, oorolary ®G00rgo EhcIioi* was rocolvco i the conference. ry. ^ v, i Telephone Dccrlickl 220 .*• R. A. Nelson Qrocery and Market Where ( i : Quality Courtesy Service Rules .. r DEERFIELD, ILL ; VT & s 3 z A Sp a° Telephone Deerfield 6 W PI a2s m BS Deerfield Filling Station ALVIN W. KNAAK, Prop. Qasoline—Oils—Qreases CAR GREASING A SPECIALTY v! ! Y<,U"B‘ *■' {' 8r l*. 0 Cor. Deerfield Avc. and Waukegan Road /-7)j/wy ; . c �•r. trict have more letters daily than all the rest oi: the county, yet are left dependent on post station called Otsego, five miles out of town on the nearest route from Chicago to Milwaukee.” i The first post office in Deerfield Township was in the Median settlement, under the name of Emmett, in 1846. The second was established on January 13, 1849, in St.Johns, A’hich name was changed to Port Clinton on March 19, 1850. Both were forerunners of the ; first post office in Highland Park, on December 14, 1861. St. Johns was located on a r' bluff on both sides of the first ravine to be crossed on entering Fort Sheridan reservaat the main south gate. It was named by John Peterman and John'Hettinger, of German extraction, who laid out the town, and incorporated it under their Christian names. Ii £ V j‘ ■ • ^ •Iv £ * i l' !>* The ----- first post office in the village of Deerfield was established May 4, 1850. Deerfield was a settlement of buildings at the crossing of Waukegan Road and Deerfield Road, but in those days, the roads were muddy except where planks were laid for wagon wheels, and there were farms on both sides of the rutty road west thru the Wilmot farm to the Des Plaines River. Caleb Cadwell was appointed post master, and the first office was in his home. He owned buildings on both sides of Waukegan Road. Assisted by his daughter, Rosclla, Cadwell served until 1854. A list of the postmasters in Deerfield since Cadwell: Appointed August 19, 1886 Walter II. Mi lien Lewis Beecher February 14, 1854 December 8, 1890 Jacob C. Antes Eliab Gifford October 28, 1854 Mathias Horenberger October 29, 1894 Hobart J. Milien June 8, 1859 December 9, 1898 James H. Fritsch Madeson 0. Cadwell August 27, 1861 Samuel P. Hutchison November 21, 1906 Lyman Wilmot March 26, 1864 August 15, 1914 Arthur J. Ender Nelson C. Hall August 31, 1866 July 31, 1922 Mrs. Fred H. Meyer Mrs. Jane McCartney May 29, 1867 June 8, 1926 Fred H. Meyer Christian Antes January 15, 1869 March 1, 1934 John J. Welch Christian M. Willman November 14, 1958 and presently Deerfield Postmaster V i If*-, 'f Q ' 5 O -4 VO SM ^ * Q O Sy § 1S5, ~ ai P : i ! For seventeen years there was a post office serving the area north of §£■ Deerfield, including Lake Forest. It was established in 1887 in Lancasterville, in the area later called Everett. This postal service was discontinued in 1909, however, when ^4 Rural Free Delivery started out of the Deerfield post office, when Samuel P. Hutchison was postmaster in an office in his general store on Deerfield Road near Waukegan Road. & RFD was authorized by Congress in 1904 but did not start in this region until five years later. Using a horse drawn mail wagon, the carrier was William Carl "Billy” Ott, less * than four feet tall, but devoted to his daily tasks over dirt roads in much adverse weaA) thcr and road conditions. % U. § �i m i ■yilM h • •. . :V\y •; "i • •! /• !j I| Ml 3. Civil War and After t : Freedom j;*"':- •./. •;0| :yW$- m-. ills 1 W' r% ’ »*.? i ; m Si! St Mil m SI! ■m ml §»; •: A. • Abolition Tho abolitionist sentiment existed in Deerfield and Its adjacent areas. A “station" on the Underground Railroad was operated by Lyman Wilmot, and a runaway slave was received here and given quarters for the v/lnter of 1058 at the home of Lorenz OIL’ Abolitionists from Highland Park would come to Deerfield to debate the Issuo at the corner of Deerfield and Waukegan Roads.1 The runaway slave, Andrew Jackson, was 20 years old and came from a Mississippi plantation. His father was the plantation owner, a white man, and because of this, the slavo received greater liberty than other slaves, providing /him with an opportunity to escape. His flight from Mississippi was an ordeal which included temporary capture by his pursuers.* i Jackson lived with the Ott family, and did chores while there. He built a while picket fence and gale, but asked that it be taken down when tho slaves were freed-German thrift could not ac­ cede to this request. In the spring, Jackson was taken to Chicago from where ho sailed to Canada. He corresponded with the Ott family from there.4 The abolitionist sentiment was not universally embraced, however, and many men were unable to acknowledge a personal involvement in the abolition Issuc-parlicuiarly In the resulting war.* Antiv/ar sentiment was so strong that a bounty was required to induce enlistments. The bounty was $40 per man at tho beginning of the war, but It was 51 COO by the end.* There were a few “copperhead” and "a lodge or two ol Knights of the Golden Circle,"* which wore southern sympalhiziers, but “never constituted an effective fifth column."' A strong Union League existed to counteract any disloyalty that may have disgraced the County.* V : CIVIL WAR Doorflold Grand Army of tho Republic Captain McCaul’s Shield Guards were ap­ parently the first volunteers. Their formation was announced on April 20, 1061, and Ihcy Joined an I Irish regiment In Chicago.'* On April 29, 1061, nlnoly volunteers from southern Lake County art rived at Waukegan." On May 4,1061, the Union RIv fie Guards were formed. On June 6, the County Board of Supervisors appropriated 55,000 for bounties to encourage enlistments." During the summer of 1061, Companies C and F of the 37lh Illinois Infantry were organized. Cap­ tain Eugcno B. Payne and Captain Erwin B. Messer were tho officers of these Companies. During the winter of 1061-1062, half of Company I, 45th Illinois Infantry, and half of Company F of the C5th Infantry were organized; Company G of the 51st Illinois Infantry was organized, and all went to Camp Douglas.w it Is not certain whether Virgil Wilmot, the son of Lyman Wllmot who operated the underground railroad, served In the 45th" or the 55lh" Illinois Infantry. Thomas Mooney of Deerfield had the unique service record of serving on both sides. He was In­ ducted Into the Confederate Army while working as an engineer on a Mississippi River steamboat, but escaped after two years and Joined the Union Army." ,, , .. Several Deerfield men died as a result of the Civil War, cither from Illness, Injuries received In battle or from the hardships of the prison camps. Several more were crlpplod. Those who served In- . elude the following: 1. Mario Word Flolcholt, Tho History of DoorNoId, Glonvlow Pross, 1928, p. 107. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid. 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid., p. 49. 0. Ibid. o! Richard Holsladlor, Tho American Ropubllc Vol. I: to 1865, Prontlss Hall, 19G4, p. G14. 9. nolchclt, loc. ell. 10. Ibid. 11. Ibid. 12. Ibid. 13. Ibid. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid., p. 115. 10. Ibid., p. 50. 13 RICHARD HART *735 FOREST GLEN TRAIL KjVBIlWOODS. ILL. 60015 •• . • <’ * h .. ■. ••• ' ■ r , ■v L. �MwmNMimivinBQBHRXWIllRIIBiVR —■■———^Mw^wMowmnvH—pwpwpp afagBgaaflMgsg: During lhal Mrs! year in Lake Counly, his young son n Daniel, Jr. died on September 7, 1034, and his wife. Ruth, died on Seplember 10” Another son died a year later. No cause of death Is suggested in the materials available, but the prevalence of epidemic diseases in late summer has been documented. i A prairie lire destroyed Wright’s winter hay sup­ ply and the Indians helped him to survive the first winter.” ‘ § ! K \ i: li •i • •*>/■ • O;' • i ’ :• • .v-V'M Hi *8 isSp \ wm I Pit $%%%’&. ISIS n§ • *. Wright’s daughter, Caroline, married William Whlgham in 1036. It was the first marriage In Lake Counly, and Hiram Kennlcott, first Justice of the Peace, performed the ceremony at the •'Mill" on the Dos Plaines River.” The Wright farm spanned the Des Plaines River, and port ol it is now the Rycrson Conservation Area in Rivorwoods. Wright died December 30. 1073 at the age of 95. His farm was In the name of' William Whlgham on the 191G Plat Map. Ho had married Rachel Millard in 1045.” The first soltler In Deerfield Township was Michael Meehan. Ho arrived in a covered wagon drawn by two oxen and settled on Section 10 on Telegraph Road in 1035, between Half Day Road and Wilmol Road.” Meehan was born In 1000 at Meath, Ireland. He married Drldgel Monahan In 1032, and emigrated to the United Slates that same year. Ho went first to Salina, New York, and later to Michigan, but in tho aulumn of 1035 he came finally to Deerfield. The Indians hod not loft the area yet, and the township was still in its natural state. Meehan plowed the first furrow in the township.” Ho was relatively well slocked with provisions when he arrived in Deerfield, for he had several barrels of flour and a barrel of beef and pork. He also had the cash to purchase seed, oats and potatoes in the following spring, and he bought the first piglet and first pair of kittens as well. He erected a log cabin on the 225 acres that pre­ empted, and the land hod not yet been surveyed (therefore it was still government land obtained from the Indian Treaty). Ho loft the farm for a brief attempt at gold mining in California in 1052 but realized the futility and quickly returned. ” Meehan continued to work his farm until 1076 when, at the age of 60. he retired, sold his farm to James O’Connor, a neighbor and rclatlvo and moved to Highland Park.” The first settler In what Is now the Village of Deerfield was Jacob Cadwcll (or perhaps Horace 103*" »• Cadwcl1 ond Laml) arrived |n Deerfield in Jacob Cadwcll and his wife, Ruble Rich Cadwcll, had five sons and' two daughters: . Madison, Philemon. Caleb, Hiram, Edwin, Rubio Roseth and Jcrusha Rosina.” They all settled on what is now Waukegan Road near Deerfield Road For a time this was called ’’Cadwell Corners” but later it was changed to ’’Deerfield Corners ” The approximate locations of their homos Is given In the History ol Dccrliold. by Roichelt. but those locations are no longer contemporary. The • 7 Cadwell lands were pre-empted under one of the pro-emptlonblllspassedafter1030(butboforolhe Distribution Pre-emption act).” Caleb Cadwell was appointed the first postmaster In Deerfield In 1050.” The Cadwells built tho first school — Cadwell School — and Rosella was tho first teacher. The Cadv/ell School was opened In 1840, but the Wilmol School - tho first In the township — was opened In 1847.” Horace Lamb came to Deerfield In 1835, tho same year as the Cadwells. It Is not clear, actual* ly. who was tho first to settle here. Tho Lamb property was located between what Is now Waukegan road and tho east slough north from the county lino Into what 13 presently tho country club. These were later the Vetter and Parsons proparties.” K The Wllmols, too, wero among the first settlers Josso Wllrinot came up tho North Branch In 1034 and landed at what Is now Greenwood Avenue ” Having stayed In Deerfield through tho winter, ho returned In 1837 to tho east to bring his own fami* ly and his brother, Lyman, and his family. Both families settled west of the village along Wilmol Road In the Deerfield Road area (none of which existed at tho time, of course). Tho farm tho Wilmols built was considered one of tho best and ' most productive In tho area.” Lyman Wilmol had cloven children, six sons and five daughters. Ho built the first school In tho township; tho Wilmots were patrons of education. They were also abolitionists, and operated a sta­ tion on the "underground railroad” which aided runaway slaves to escape Into Canada.” Mrs. Clarissa Wilmol, Lyman's v/Ife, was a practical nurse and midwife who administered to the Infirm In the absence of the physician, and performed some diagnostics with tho aid of a medical manual.” / & Jvv E 1' I I I , f • '' I ’ l . I * 1 • •' f ’ * [ 1 ■* 1 t: $ K: I 9 i- ;l •- £ 1 ' V* Jr * I I ' I’ * $ R V I. i ;■ ;v r1 '| ml ?■ ■ V.; ; Indian Clark John Klnzlc Clark was among tho first whites In kh i r; •.1 «it. fv 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. nolclioll, op. ell., p. 0-9. 23. 1910 Plat Map of lako Counly. 24. Rolcholl, op. ell., p. 109. 25. Ibid. 26. Halsoy, op. ell., p. 422. 27. nolclioll. op. ell., p. 109. 2U. I lalnos. op. ell., p. 01. 29. Ibid. 30. nolclioll, op. cll„ p. 110. 31. Ibid., p. 19. 32. Ibid., p. 30. 33. Ibid., p. 10. 34. "It was a navlgablo river at Iho time," according to Mrs. Rulh Potlla. 35. Halsey, op. cl!., p. 425. 30. Rolcholl, op. clI., p. 107-108. 37. Ibid., p. 78-79. !v <; ft, \ ;• ft k; k II & S i ' i RICHARD HART 2735 FOREST GLEN TRAIL RIVFP. WOODS. ILL. 60015 • ! �SH ! ! i lilt a ■I HiA Ihe Deerfield area. He was the classic bucksklnn* ed frontiersman. His mother, a Virginian, had been captured and raised by the Shawnee and married an English officer at Fort Wayne, Indiana. Clark's uncle, John Klnzle, was a noted Chicago pioneer, and his stepfather, Jonas Clybourn, was also numbered among Chicago’s first settlers. John Klnzie Clark was raised with the Indians. He had acquired their ways and was called "In­ dian" Clark by settlers, but the Indians named him "Nannlmoa," the prairie wolf. He was a skilled hunter and a man of great endurance. He was an express rider between Fort Wayne, Chicago and Milwaukee, and brought supplies to Deerfield by pack saddle. For two years, 1031-33, ho oven serv­ ed as the Chicago coroner. Clark had an Indian wife and a number of children In Wisconsin, but lator In life married a whllo woman. Pormclla Scott of DcKalb, and settl­ ed In Deerfield. This marriage produced two daughters, Elizabeth and Haddassah, who marrled Hobart and Walter Millen respectively. His attempts to farm In Northflcld met with failure. Clark was a hunter, not a farmer, and his friends, the Indians, came to hunt and camp with him on his farm. After he served In the Civil War, he bought a home In Deerfield In 10G5. Ho is buried in the Deerfield Cemetery. Clark was the true frontiersman, apparently not very adaptable to the agrarian transition that took place during his lifetime. Those frontier skills were best suited for survival In the hostile pre­ settlement environment which so devastated those lirst settlors, but they proved to have little value In post settlement Deerfield.5' library to read this book and find out about the past. Sho lists among tho first settlors—given . v here with the dale they arrived—the following: .' v>: \r Captain Wright Jonathan Kcnnlcott Jcsso Wllmot Horace Lamb Tho Cadwells Martin Luther Michael Meehan Oil Mooney Muhlko Lyman Wllmot John Millen Job Galloway Carolan Lancaster Rockcnbock James O'Connor Fred Frltsch Alfred Parsons t i-V.lv A • li ML i (1846) m ■ V % V: (1848) (1055) (1043) (1844) (1043) j f *’ . \v £•! Deerfield Town Named In 1040 the township was called "Lo Clair.”” The Selection of a permanent name for tho township — as distinguished from the vlllago which was not Incorporated or named until 1903—occurred In 1849. A township meeting was held at the home of Michael Meehan on Tc-legraph Road. The Irish Immigrants suggested the name"Erin" for Ireland, but John Millen from Deerfield, Massachusetts, suggested the namo "Deer­ field"—noting, a3 the Indians had.observed, that deer In abundance was a characteristic of tho area. Tho voto was 17 lo 13 In favor of Doorflold.” Trannportallon Sytlom Tho early trillion* entered Lake County and Oeerfietd via several lyr.tornn of Ingress, Tho rivers and Lake Michigan were major elements of the transportation system. (Tho waterways had not been "Improved" yet by tho dredging and channelization they later received.). Overland transportation wa3 limited to Improved roads, and tho railroad was not available until 1855 when track was laid through Highland Park. Transportation v/as Important to tho ooltlor, not only as a means of Ingreoa but os a moans for shipping farm products to market and for com­ munication v/ith other places, primarily Chicago. In addition, seed grain, livestock, implements, food, clothes, medicines and supplies had to be .brought into tho community. Tho pioneer made the trip to Chicago, 26 mltos Irorn Deerlield, v/ith regularity and sometimes on loot.."One neighbor v/ould be selected to go to Chicago to make purchases for the entire com­ munity. Ox teams were used sometimes, and at The First Families Many settlers arrived in Oeerfietd during the period from 1835 to 1845. In The History ol Deerticld Mrs. Reichelt has gone into the history ol a number ol them and it is worth the trip to the Vi. tUi'3., p. 107. */». tuvj.. p. i io. 40. lUicJ., P. to. 9 y,.i t5 (18U)-:-y (1836):, i The Ott Family The Ott Family came to Deerlield Irorn Y/arren, Pennsylvania, but their birthplace v/as Baidenhcirn, Alsace. The Oil’s were related to the Wessling and Rockenbach families. These set­ tlors of German descent who migrated from Alsace lo Deerfield obtained their land from speculators who v/ere profiteering in the v/ake of pre-emption, but the land was good, a "Garden of Eden," and its value v/as certain. They built homes along v/hal is now Sanders Road, and their roll includes: Casper Ott, Samuel Ott, John Jacob Ott, and John Jacob Ott, Jr., Marlin Luther, Jacob Luther, and families named Duffy, Dose, Ste/rar*. and Jennings. They worked their farms and became steadfast members ol the Deerfield com­ munity. lr» 1930 the On family reunion at the Deer­ field Centennial celebration v/as the largest. 1 (1834) James Duffy " Lewis Gasltleld (1834) Androw Meier (1835) Sloward (1835) Ludlow (1836) Dawson (1835) Dorsey (1836) Boylan (1836) Fagan (1837) Yoro (1837) Mclntyro (1039) Tull/ (1840) Roderbusch (1041) Doyle (1041) McCraror (1041) Hoyt (1042) John Jacob Ott (1042) Philip Brand (1043) Philip Vetter i 1 & v ii & ; 2 1 3 JW ill® ■tmmm ’ ■ V •v c $ | r.: V •i^ V e v /. L\ S-■ % g: V �,r‘l,l>l»g about nriiJn/j • . . ........*"»»io <uu i;u;u>rs in vr°a. Tho c() , S, !’mS t0 11,0 "Noi'Ul K>,0»° Wo«l" Gc^(l to brlj, 1 bntVn, ,?/« >0 mY UmImu Station was oxMll- »st ar*on ui° c,,,cr'- '°i*cst, and to Yi™!.^001 ,0 IriK,lIju,<I Bark and Luka >o»\ la Ki'oiillv h. r U wIUl ,,a K»’:uid opera in ilio suiurado coinmunll! f?tJ,Wr .Vr U,° <*«>I of a hlgli 'Highland Sr vl °‘ L !° WomoM 1,10 nee-eon to M proBrinii f J n °xr'5lU,S C,ub' 'v,u‘ excellent cuiAmorleuu n£vni\?»i*ol*HVSlu,ro C,lai>,cr Daughters ol* ith its film i^?,i .!U0U (f,,r 11,030 w,,° aro eligible) Gerfield's doslVabllNv0 *U,<1 °l,lllcal,onal work, adds to ecsii ability as a residence place. DEERFIELE) athletic association yers iaCthf,n«tl^thIcti,c ARSOciation» of which Jack cn of tho Viii tl°n jUld •sl)0n30l'» composed of young ‘H Players7 ^ who aro chaml»°» baseball and footuong suburbaii"SM?i^S. School I« second to uono bool Is far qinJ'i E l»SC ,?<, »8, Tbo Deurfiel<l Grammar uuerous V-niV ? 1 -L? w iaL il was lon years ago.. The eiiAc^s [0?,“bB3 the vicinity, such as Briergate, irnon RldVo u' ^ 1 hfim, lOxmoor. Oiiwontsla, JiscL ’ i'nMS ,Ij°f;;oh- r-alco Siioro, Bob O' Link. iliev Nonhinoo? in?01/ 1,llIn1ois' Mlss,0» ^idgo,,.Sunset n Coimtrv Pln°i ' ? uo f* Columbian, Hunters', and Big 'it congestion UlL,iyc beautiful open spaces lliat preTiicro aro. four churches, ono Catholic, and* three olostanl in Deortiold ami a public library. ho shopping facilities aro good for a village. Two goods stores, Schells' and Oloudorf's; three grocery anfi-a'AV' Nb,w,‘,»- M««ry (!a.in“ld1,. 8,i mil Jh, , l,Cl\cr ?h01’- °r Wm. SLeinluius: tho Kuv •shoni 1,cic,*,i,J,(l h‘,;MiL.v parlor; tlireu bar2>«ioi)s. Matt Hoffman a. Chris Sifferl's ami Scavu/./.o'.i; ec restaurants, Bcrtolini and Lcncioni's, the Bluebird, i “la »*">****: two confectionery stores, the Brier ect Shoppe and tho Bluebird; two drug si ores, T. J ^!C’o„anAd aml I[ouL’s; Coleman’s Variety ic. an A. and 1. store; fruit store; two tailors and ™Svf\ Ylln1C0,lt Silveri ami North Shore Cleaners: the n/iCTu«n-a iC1;Vr' t1.W0 1.,lun,ljh,kr and heating establishn .s, william H, Us'Toil's and Milton kraut/.; two elecshops, William Seiler’s, and William Desmond’s; one varo store, thill of .lack Not/.; one riminco ami tin ./ohn .1. McMahon's; two garages, Knaak'n and Bote rcn<l s; four real cslato and liisurauce oMlccs. Charles iscliull's, Frank Russo’s, Foxworlhy's, and Vnnt and gs; one delicatessen and confectionery or FdwarU tmolil: three nurseries, lvottrascli Bros., Franlcon s. and F. D. Clavoy; two lumber and coal companies. Deerfield Lumber Company. Tho Mercer Lumber Co tlie Lake County Coal and Material Company- tho 0 oil station; tho Standard Oil Company plant; the rAcid Interior Finish Company; Tho DcorlleliU Slate k; Tho Deerfield Chevrolet Sales Company; Tlio BuCoiislrucllou Co»‘»mny (water mains and sowors); Kapscliul Da'-lo Construction Company (roads and ng); Tho Po-ry Konst Battery Shop: a number of tors and decorators. Ross Sherman. MeCIarvio. WilKrcli, Builders, Kd. Sogert, John Huhn. It. 10. and . Bettis, A. I. Johnson, Alex Taylor. Cashmoro. Tliilo , Frank .labohs. C. B. Foxworthy. W. Altkcu; tivo drillers. L/neoln Pettis, and Alvin Moyer; two hricks. the Illinois and tho National; Lliroo piano teachers, ices Bledcrsladt. Mrs. C. C. Bettis, Bertha Weiss;' •'s Music Shop, for radios and piano tuning; ik's Music Store, for pianos, radios and victrolas; Hotel Deerfield; Tlio Herman Frost Newspaper icy and pool room; ono sowing machlno agency, that . I-I. MuMko; two sowor contractors, Howard Stryker Gcovatf Burnett: Arcliio Antes, sign painlor; • Ira , edan’it contractor; Kurl Frost, concrete blocks; x -l. He's Deerfield Filling Station; Ira Hole's Dcerl raised 1 Company; Tho PaxlorcL (.'onstrnelion Com1 and lining contractors aro Ccorgo Botlls, Fred o mon or Wolf. August Huolil; a shoo ropalrlag ark con Tnnlnlon): a Deerfield bakery; a millioncage) tint (Call llDlt); two band leaders, H. 10. known'rank Russo. Among the dairy companies r in CXisorvIco In Deerfield arc tho Bowman Hoh- rnim following Horn: ^4 a uiig ao, x j t (, jiad tho board will redistrict township A ... <■« «ot Now lVoalnct at Supervisor,. Moat According to .Schedule—Action on Waukegan Delayed Ita.lroad traded ,l°ad a,,d tho St. Paul orVl!«tn^r217A,,,,U,a.t 1>art oC Wcat Doorfieid lyliig south it SV A. na and west of tho railroad tracks? «.r 11.0 Viit uay"iK.,,arl ot WosL Duol'"l!,d ly"'s ,lorl" ‘‘UNDERGROUND RAILROAD” ACTIVITIES The first real Information of Andrew Jackson, the run. away slave. Samuel Ott Imparts to tills generation In tho winter of 1858 a mulatto, about 28 years of age. came to he home of Lyman Wilmot, tlio Abolitionist, at night Yla the IJiidergrbund Hallway,’* from Mississippi. Tho lake was r »/0M. so the black man could not bo scut across to Canada therefore ho had been taken to Deerfield. Mr 'Wilmot brought tho slave to tho Lorenz Ott homo 0t so that tho children could go to school. to do tho chores, keeping a runaway slave was against llin law imt *i,A Abolitionists felt Unit they wero In tho right by disobeying an unjust law Andrew Jackson's father was u whlto man* II i “mi'o1 tCt mm 1 H. fnthcr'u plantation where ho saw his uliito sis lei s. the plantation owner was more lenient to ns son than to his other slaves, and Andrew learned more than hill companions, therefore Hie desire to be free so uvarcjuiin the lad Unit it led him to attempt to escape, but bloodhounds (rucked him, and ho was brought back. In Ids second attempt at freedom he was successful, and lie crossed the Ohio River, where lie was sent on his journey north. ! by tlio tliiirty farmer. WIioii spring came, and tlio roads w' Alu,l'uw Ja°k«on prepared to leave. Lorenz Ht made him a now suit, and gavo him money for boat fare, and Lyman Wilmot took him to Chicngo, wlicro he .. . escaped to... Canada. After . roachlng tlio slaves’ liaycn. Ail•iIuMvrlto °or° hiS ,,crneracl.oraf wh0 fiad taught him to read and wi ito, of his safe arrival, and that was tho last that they over heard of him. Samuel Ott was fourteen years of ago at the time, and he recalls much that the negro did wnile here. From another source it is learned that the slave, An' !i! «i!? <Si°rn'*! cacapo wna Ifianncd bccauso ho had been My Id ml master round It necessary to sell me. None sold •C the siaves were given any education as our masters thought that we would rebel or outwit thorn, But a friend told mo that the sun rises In tho east and sets in the west and that as ono goes further south It gets warmer, and going norlli It gets colder, Willi tills information only. I decided to run away. I was soon captured for my inaster , , had discovered my absenco soon artcr I left, and had sent “r,,S ?rtcr„nur Whcn taking mo hack to tlio planta- lion my captor (led my arms with a rope, which was u.'miC,T l° iU,° JlfJrSL‘- and made mo walk In front of. him. I d 1 W0S0^t•,(, 11,0 roi,° and talked along as If I Nvcio not trying to escape. Soon I noticed that my master was sleeping, so I dropped the rope, and Jumped Into the woods. Most of the tlmo I hid during tho day. and often “y wore so close to my hiding place that I could hear my master giving directions to them. Several times I was without rood for a number of days. Many limes f ale raw ii . taken from a field wlion I nassed .0no lIn,° 1 r°II in a barrel when I was looking foi food, and oven though I hurt my. hip sovoroly I maif safely hidden, ale I hem. These ran,- and when - :• t �*• '• i \ i WsIMlamto^ •'S/‘ / mm, mm LQIftlQIfllfllttlftlftjfirrfifl ly [j]in rrrj w- T : i. WMMt-UIjirrtg Grave of Lyman and Clarissa Wllmot in Deerfield Cemetery V. r, > I .V �WILMOT SCHOOL HISTORY f On March 3, 1845 Lyman and Clarissa Wilmot deeded one quarter acre of land at the northwest corner (corner of Wilmot and Deerfield Roads today) of their farm for .a school, first Wilmot School The (a township, not a village school) opened in 1847 with Rosella Cadwell as the firs.t teacher. According to the deed (which, by the way, tg is still in the possession of the district, ^ kept in a bank vault), the land for Wilmot School reverts back ■SIP asisfltsi to the heirs if it is used for any purpose other than a school or if the land remains vacant for three years. The first schoolhouse was built by Lyman Wilmot of logs. It is said that tHe school had to face south so that Mrs. Wilmot could see the children enter the building. Does the door that the fourth graders use today face south? A second schoolhouse was made of rough boards and had a dirt floor. The third building, built in 1858, burnt to the ground before it could be used. A fourth structure was built immediately using the same foundation, This building still exists today 1 .as part of a house at 294 Kenmore Avenue. (It was first moved to the corner of Pine Street and Deerfield Road and later moved to Kenmore.) In 1904, the fifth building was completed, frame, one-room structure. This was a It, too, is still standing.... as part of the Schmitt house at 1660 Deerfield Road. -25- �5 33 '% -**5 8 & >■ tze& MMto 4 '*rs -M 223 jfcAy M ,lj fefca -a ^ easiitifgtei 4 v ?-/ >—° -x--;. ,'-■ /? 7 >'•<'. ■r, ' ✓ . £ s' >' - •— / ,c - : , ■■ ,;\ .s',^' ' '' 'SltL'-l'"L :>/4 .. - : 4. /. / 4^/ ^ A y -&-: - x /-* / i J~ 'Crs'Z 'S- ✓ ,-x- 7 >v* ^ ✓ s'&Z*. -t.A.-£*/{' y '<Pl '- Ss> t • ■ . -xS2. - Original in Lake County Discovery Museum (Lake County History Archives) Lakewood Forest Preserve Wauconda, IL 60084 Please credit �JL -7 Z-i. '( ’ .V /<?/>*/ JyL.-^T'X.-- ■ "7- 7 - C. 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I /<..zSy y'.<C^/^vCy<^Lc--cJy X; i 7^3- ^xx. /^«— «/<•/•< '•■s—- • //?1*. yt^x^f ^,.Q y/Z\~l ^.^-0 r / c/ ^^«-// <^y<_ sfjD '^r-^JyS S.S) fafi'AL.---- iCcJuJiy I /)^cYL.^<yu^s/^Zs /£s 72^- ij .^r_^~jp-^ *z-~—y sJiTXT.^sf-' G^7^A-<^/y-c^3 ^ i ^-J . ^ <*>y y ../y«. / , t^- <■ -/ 5v .-* y .,<a //C. ; /A l ? '-£' ^ /^. ^-/jvjy 7-...7 77 ,<£■.',/ /i- <■■'/, Jsf/f-//-j~ .c; * «—-*6«V.' y' ftftjftftftr-. <y v_ •; ) /t<w' <; i .• J' i :»*i- •' ,i > ; ; i I O y^z'*<? Y*Y& ^^ /'C'C<Sr'/}/t'//'2 ✓'^^2-77 ''/X^i.'j y’situ/i? y^n 'c, -^z-Z/'-sY+ 'TWSma/l.' '</?'? �•r • T^T’^MlXS. pep* "* M«Mtfan.: .-A.? - m m%z T'A y \ m Wilrnot School, Deerfield,» Illinois / 0*7-T �LYMAN WILMOT HOUSE And Why It Will Not Be On The National Register In the summer of 1994 my wife and I, together with our daughter and her husband, bought die Lyman Wilmot House at 601 Wilmot Road in Deerfield. From die beginning I was intrigued with the unique property because of its age and the historic importance of the Wilmot family, who were very prominent in the early development of Deerfield. It was my hope to gain acceptance of the house and coach house on the National Register of Historic Places. To that end I researched the history of the property and the Wilmot family. Unfortunately, there was little about the house available except numerous references to the fact that the original structure—still inside the present house somewheredated from 1840, making it, I believe, the oldest occupied building in Lake County. I hoped some old photos of die buildings might become available, but none did. I had much more success in developing information about the Wilmot family. Because of my interest and experience in genealogy I was able to trace die Wilmot family back seven generations to the year 1637 when the first Wilmot came to America from England. I also located and corresponded with a number of Wilmots around the country, several closely connected to die Deerfield family, who sent me interesting information and encouraged my National Register quest. But, alas, it is not to be! I was done in by siding—that and two extensions added to the house at unknown times in the past. These revisions, it was judged, changed the character of the structure too much to meet the National Register criteria (despite some early touches to be seen—a field stone foundation, several hand-hewn beams in the cellar, and the initials of one of Lyman Wilmot’s sons scratched in on an old window pane over a hundred years ago). The later siding was the biggest problem. The National Register, it seems, takes a dim view of modem siding. One of die criteria taken into account in assessing a property’s qualifications for listing in the National Register is the historic importance of the occupants. Lyman Wilmot and his wife were significant in the early development of Deerfield. He was a community leader and an office holder. They were ardent supporters of the Union and opened their home as a station on the Underground Railway, harboring escaped slaves. In addition, they donated the land at Wilmot Road and Deerfield Road for Deerfield’s first school, which bears their name and where they both served, he as superintendent and she as a teacher. It was my hope that the historic importance of the Wilmots would be enough to overcome whatever problems the house presented, and I believe I would have been successful had not previous owners of the property “modernized” so much. But in 155 years what else could one reasonable expect? I have given the Society a copy of the information I developed on the property. Richard Hart Riverwoods, Illinois � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource Photocopy of book by a resident of the Wilmot House with historical information about the house and the owner's attempt to get the house registered as a National Historic Place. Handwritten note indicates that this copy was received from the Lake County Discovery Museum on 5 Feb 2002. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hart, Richard Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hart, Richard Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 06/1995 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.026 A. Stapleton Abolition Abolitionism Abolitionists Abraham Lincoln Adelia H. Wilmot Gutzler Adelia Wilmot Adelia Wilmot Gutzler Agriculturalists Ague Albert B. Steele Albrights Alderson Brothers Alfred Parsons Alonzo Cook Alsace Alvin W. Knaak American Civil War American Civil War Battle of Old Lake Louisiana American Civil War Union Army Enrolling Officer Amos Flint Amos Wilmot Andrew Jackson Andrew Meier Andrew Meler Andrew S. Wells Anesthetics Anna L. Hoffman Anna L. Hoffman Gutzler Anna Lydia Gutzler Anna Lydia Gutzler Himmel Anthony Sullivan Anti-Slavery Anti-Slavery Activities Antiwar Sentiment Apple Parings Argonne Forest France Arthur J. Ender Asahel Talcott Asahel Wilmot Auburn Hair Aztec Club b.F. Washburn Baldenheirn Alsace Germany Bancroft Bartholomew Boylan Bartlett Benjamin Marks Betsy Clauson Betsy Clauson Wilmot Betsy Crawford Betsy Crawford Wilmot Bible Bicentennial History of Deerfield Billy Ott Boone County New York Boylan Bradley Breastpin Bridget Monahan Meehan Broome County New York Buffalo New York Buffalo Trails Business Woman Butter C. Augenstein C. Kopp Cadwell Cadwell Corners Cadwell School Caleb Cadwell California California Gold Rush Calvinist Church Camp Douglas Canada Canoes Cape Horn Captain McCaul's Shield Guards Captain Wright Carolan Caroline Wright Whigham Carolyn Becker Carriages Carroll County Missouri Casper Ott Cattleman Chagres River Chargres Harbor Charles Gutzler Charles Levi Gutzler Chicago Coroner Chicago Courthouses Chicago Illinois Chicago River North Branch Christian Antes Christian Jaquet Christian Lintner Christian M. Willman Clarissa Dwight Clarissa Dwight Wilmot Clarissa Wilmot Clark Knights Coach House Colesville New York Colorado Colorado State Legislature Confederate Army Connecticut Cook County Illinois Copperheads Corn Huskings Country Physician Countryman Cow Crown Hill Cemetery Cuba Township Illinois Dailey Daniel Wright Jr. Davis C. Steele Dawson Dedham Massachusetts Deerfield Area Historical Society Deerfield Argonauts Deerfield Assessor Deerfield Centennial Celebration Deerfield Corners Deerfield Filling Station Deerfield Garden Apartments Deerfield Historic Village Deerfield Historical Cemetery Deerfield Historical Map Deerfield Illinois Deerfield Massachusetts Deerfield Our Athenian Club (OAC) Deerfield Postmaster Deerfield Public Library Deerfield School Deerfield Town Hall Meetings Deerfield Township Deerfield Township Post Office Deerfield Village Store DeKalb Illinois Delta County Colorado Dennis Lancaster Denver Colorado Denver University Denver University Preparatory Department Deputy United States Marshall Des Plaines River Diphtheria District Schools Dorsey Dose Doyle Duffy Dwight Dwight Porter Wilmot E.J. Ginter Edwin Cadwell Edwin Kittell Eggs Eglon Washington Electa Hoyt Electa Hoyt Bennett Eliab Gifford Elijah M. Haines Elisha Gridley Elizabeth Clark Millen Elizabeth Gutzler Elizabeth Gutzler Stryker Elizabeth Luther Elizabeth Luther Wilmot Ella Wilmot Ellen Eliza Wilmot Ellen Eliza Wilmot Kittell Elmer E. Miller Emma Hall Emmett Post Office England Epidemic Diseases Erastus Bailey Erin Erwin B. Messer Eugene B. Payne Eva P. Vant Wilmot Evangelical Association Church Evangelical Association Church Des Plaines Conference District Evangelical Association Church of North America Evangelical Association Churchyard Evangelical Church Evanston Illinois Evergreen Colorado Fagan Farm Hand Father Marquette First Presbyterian Church Flatboat Fleet as a Deer: History of the Deerfield Post Office Flint Creek Flour Flour Prices Flouring Mill Fort Sheridan Army Station Fort Wayne Indiana France Frances Willard Francis McGovern Frank Herbert Gutzler Fred Fritsch Fred H. Meyer Frederick Muhlke Frey Farm Frontiersman Genealogical Records Geneva Illinois George Arnold George Brand George Escher George Gridley George Henry Gutzler George Messner George Murray Skinker George Stanger George Stryker George Truitt German German Methodist Church Gerstheim Alsace Germany Gersthelm Germany Glenview Press Gold Golden Gate Golden Wedding Anniversaries Grace Flint Graceland Cemetery Graduate Nurses Grand Army of the Republic Grand Prairie Grandchildren Great Chicago Fire Greenhouse Greenwood New York Gretel Gutzler Haddassah Clark Millen Hand-Hewn Beams Handwritten Notes Hannah Bunnel Wilmot Hannah Wilmot Harriet Emma Gutzler Harriet Emma Gutzler Miller Harriet Wilmot Hastings Subdivision Hattie Gutzler Hattie Gutzler Miller Hay Loft Heavy Timberland Henry B. Steele Henry County Illinois Henry Gutzler Henry Place Henry S. Vail Henry Walton Henry Wells Henry Wessling Highland Park Alderman Highland Park Illinois Highland Park Mayor Highland Park Post Office Highwaymen Highwood Academy Hillsdale College Hillsdale Michigan Hiram Cadwell Hiram Kennicott Hiram R. Bennett Historical and Statistical Sketches of Lake County Historical Encylopedia of Illinois and History of Lake County History of Deerfield History of Lake County History of the United Evangelical Church Hobart J. Millen Hobart Millen Hodgkiss Colorado Holcomb Hood Hoopole Grove Illinois Hooppole Illinois Horace Lamb horses Hoyt Humeston Iowa Hunter Illinois Illinois Republican Party Iowa Irish Israel Dwight J. Wesley Speelman J.M. Washburn Jacob Albright Jacob C. Antes Jacob Cadwell Jacob Himmel Jacob J. Escher Jacob Luther Jacob Miller Jacob Ott Jacques Marquette James Chambers James Duffy James H. Fritsch James Hamilton James Mooney James O'Connor Jane McCartney Janesville Wisconsin Jasper Ott Jennie C. McCulloch Jennie C. McCulloch Vail Jennings Jerusha Rosina Cadwell Jess Wilmot Jesse Wilmot Job Galloway John A. Mills John Alderson John Cochran John Dwight John Easton John Forke John Gridley John Halsey John Hettinger John J. Welch John Jacob Escher John Jacob Ott John Jacob Ott Jr. John Jacob Ott Sr. John King John Kinzie John Kinzie Clark John Matthews John Millen John Peterman John Streicher John Stryker John T. Gridley Joliet Illinois Jonas Clybourn Jonathan Kennicott Jonathan Rice Joseph Flint Josephine Woodman Josephine Woodman Maternity Home Justice of the Peace Knights of the Golden Circle Lake County Board of Supervisors Lake County Discovery Museum Lake County Historical Archives Lake County Illinois Lake County Museum Lake County Museum Archives Lake County Transportation Systems Lake Forest Illinois Lake Michigan Lamb Lambs' Farm Lancaster Lancasterville Illinois Land Buying Business Land Surveys Law and Order League Le Clair Township Illinois Leadville Colorado Lebanon County Pennsylvania Levi Davis Wilmot Lewis Beecher Lewis Gastfield Libertyville Illinois Life Insurance Business Linens Literary Society Little Alice Mine Little Jonny Mine Lizzie Scholes Lizzie Scholes Wilmot Log Cabin Loly Wilmot Lorenz Ott Loretta Heman Louis Gastfield Loyal Legion Ludlow Luther Lutheran Church Lydia Gutzler Lydia Gutzler Himmel Lyman H. Wilmot Lyman Willis Gutzler Lyman Wilmot Madeson O. Cadwell Madison Cadwell Madison O. Cadwell Magnus Tait Margaret Elizabeth Hetzel Margaret Elizabeth Hetzel Gutzler Marie Ward Reichelt Martin Luther Martin Stanger Mary Elizabeth Gutzler Mary Elizabeth Gutzler Stryker Mary Gutzler Mary Gutzler Jaquet Mary Louise Stryker Mary Louise Stryker Gutzler Mary Tweed Mary Tweed Gutzler Mary Wilmot Mary Wilmot Bennett Masonic Order A O Fay Lodge No. 676 Maternity Home Mathias Horenberger Mathias Mason Matthew Hoffman McCrarer McIntyre McIntyres and Tullys Meath Ireland Meehan Meehan Settlement Mexican American War Mexico Mexico City Mexico Michael Dawson Michael Fagan Michael Gutzler Michael Meehan Michael Mehan Michael Yore Michigan Midwife Mike Schoelle Milk Mill Creek Milwaukee Wisconsin Minnie E. Vining Wilmot Miranda C. Adams Miranda C. Adams Wilmot Mississippi Mississippi River Missouri Moderator Monterey California Moody Rowd Mooney Moses Putney Mount Vernon Iowa Mr. Alderson Mr. Brand Mr. Gross Mr. Hess Mrs. Albert Hagi Mrs. C.L. Rockenback Mrs. Critchley Mrs. Fred Bleimehl Mrs. Fred H. Meyer Mrs. Fute Mrs. Gutzler Mrs. Lange Mrs. Lewis Todd Mrs. Lyman Wilmot Mrs. P.J. Gutzler Mrs. Richard Steele Mrs. Stryker Mrs. Theodore Taylor Mrs. Wessling Mrs. Wilmot Muhlke Myrtle Estelle Gutzler Myrtle Estelle Gutzler Skinker Nanimoa Naperville Illinois National Register of Historic Places Native Americans Nelson C. Hall New Berlin Pennsylvania New York Newberry Newberry Library Newport Illinois Newspaper Clippings Newton Bateman Nicaragua Nicholas Miller Niles Illinois Nora May Fuller Nora May Fuller Gutzler Norfolk New York North Northfield Cemetery Northern Illinois Northern Illinois Republican Party Northfield Cemetery Northfield Evangelical Association Church Northfield Illinois Northwestern College Northwestern University O'Plain Cemetery O'Plain Church Ocean Voyages Offensive Language Office Ohio River Olive Smith Olive Smith Wilmot Orman Rockenbach Otsego Post Office Ott Our Athenian Club (OAC) P. Gutzler P.J. Gutzler Panama Panama Canal Parmelia Scott Clark Parsons' Farm Patrick Carolan Peggy Pollard Peleg Sunderlin Pennsylvania Pere Marquette Peter Luther Philemon Cadwell Philip Brand Philip Gutzler Philip J. Gutzler Philip Jacob Gutzler Philip Lehman Philip Ott Philip Vedder Philip Vetter Physician Physicians Pioneers Placer Mining Pony Express Rider Port Clinton Illinois Porter Portrait and Biographical Album of Lake County Pottawatomie Native American Tribe Practical Nurse Prairie Prairie Fire Prairie Settlers Prairie Wolf Prairies Prentiss Hall Prophets Town Illinois Protestantism Public Office Pyncheon Rachel Millard Rachel Millard Wright Racist Language Radium Colorado Railroad Ranches Ransom Steele Ravenswood Chicago Illinois Raymond A. Nelson Raymond Gutzler Reformed Lutheran Church Republican Party Rev. Goessle Rev. Himmel Rev. Hoeffert Rev. Hoess Rev. Laegler Richard Hart Richard Hofstadler Richard Steele Ripon College River Claims Rivers Riverwoods Illinois Robert Bennett Robert Dygert Robert Easton Robert Young Rockenbach Rockenback Roderbusch Rosella Cadwell Roswell O. Wilmot Roswell Rose Rubie Rich Cadwell Rubie Rosella Cadwell Ruby Wedding Anniversaries Rural Free Delivery Ruth Pettis Ruth Wright Ryerson Conservation Area S.L. Sacramento California Salina New York Salome Gutzler Samuel Dickover Samuel Ott Samuel P. Hutchison San Francisco California Santa Cruz California Sarah A. Gutzler Sarah A. Gutzler Speelman Sarah A. Hodgkins Sarah A. Hodgkins Wilmot Sarah Esther Hunter Sarah Esther Hunter Wilmot Sarah Porter Dwight Sarah Rapp Sarah Rapp Gutzler Sawmill Schmitt Scott Saxton College of Elocution Seattle Washington Shawnee Native American Tribe Sheldon Sullens Shields Township Illinois Shop Silas Brand Silks Singing Schools Skokie Marsh Sons of the American Revolution South Chicago Illinois South Dakota Spelling Bees Springfield Illinois St. Johns Illinois St. Mary's of the Woods Cemetery St. Patrick's Cemetery St. Paul Minnesota Stanger Grove Illinois Stanger Tavern Steamboat Stephen B. Wilmot Sterling Illinois Steuben County New York Steward Stewart Stock Business Stone Foundation Sugar Sun Porch Sundhausen Alsace Germany Survey Plat Taxes Temperance Advocate Texas The American Republic The Turnleys Thomas Ballard Thomas Mooney Timberland Town Meeting Moderator Trader's National Bank Trustee of Schools Tully Turnley's Narrative from Diaries Typhoid Fever Underground Railroad Union Army 37th Illinois Infantry Company C Union Army 37th Illinois Infantry Company F Union Army 38th Wisconsin Infantry Company D Union Army 45th Illinois Infantry Union Army 45th Illinois Infantry Company I Union Army 47th Illinois Infantry Union Army 51st Illinois Infantry Company G Union Army 55th Illinois Infantry Union Army 55th Illinois Regiment Union Army 65th Illinois Infantry Company F Union Army Bounty Union County Pennsylvania Union League Union Rifle Guards United Evangelical Church United States United States Army Quartermaster's Department United States Congress United States Marshall Service Northern Illinois District United States of America Utah V.H. Freeman Vedder Farm Vermont Vernon Township Vincent's Grist Mill Virgil Wilmot Virginia Wagons Walter H. Millen Walter Kittell Walter Millen Warren Henry Wilmot Warren Illinois Warren Pennsylvania Water Cure Treatments Water tank Waterways Wauconda Illinois Waukegan Illinois Wessling West Deerfield Township West Deerfield Township Supervisor West Deerfield Township Treasurer Wheat Farmer Wheeling Illinois Whig Party William Carl Ott William E. Sunderlin William Easton William Green William T. Sherman William Whigam Willis Wilmot Elementary School Wilmot Road Wilmot School Wilmot School Agreement Wilmot School Board of Education Windsor New York Wisconsin World War I Wright Wright Farm Y of A Waukegan Council Yore https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/f6721cabd1c1d849a82d9232af8aca14.pdf 14578767fe0d1899dd00b0a89d2f412a PDF Text Text 'hj-ffere^T' fotwk'tis&ve**' &1 cou^ ' 'QjtfA'ls f\<?/CLuol'Uj 2^/ /*'7 '^/i / / f), /fi , /? ywrt'-t'V narrative and writings "m? irLVd^ » **r or M/t; $ i JU MvteJu Mu " ANDREW JACKSON, OF KENTUCKY; sOVL Ml /Li L4-. 7 CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OP HIS BIRTH, AND TWENTY-SI* YEARS OP HIS LIPE WHILE A SLAVE ; HI8 ESCAPE; FIVE YEARS OF FREE. (J) i 2 s> u)luX2 JlA^ factor ™, DOM, TOGETHER WITH ANECDOTES RELATINO TO SLAVERY J JOURNAL OF ONE' ’-'Vs TRAVFT: *fKETCHES, ETC. *- 'flu. *** t NARRATED BY HIMSELF; WRITTEN BY A FRIEND. si ✓V noT z(/iA SYRACUSE: DAILY AND WEEKLY STAR OFFICE* 1 Star Buildinga, •1847. Reprinted by Mnemosyne Publishing Co.. Inc. Miami. Florida I i m �n. i?»rROT>ucnofr. right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness,'*—and-tSa? instead of blushing to acknowledge himself a friend of imme­ diate emancipation, every one will, in the spiritof the eminent Jefferson and John Quincy Adams, with honorable pride re­ cord their testimony in favor of it before the nation. This done, and the light and glory of this nation will surpass any nation under heaven. As Andrew is a young pupil, so far as knowledge of letter* is concerned, those who know this fact will, of course under­ stand that, after obtaining the facts, which compose the history, writer has employed his phraseology to express fiber®.- T- NARRATIVE, kt. CHAPTER I. CA b/ 8 d06d‘° ^ ^ Ztef’ hTs ££% «onni h® "?man.and her ch''dren freedom on the ground of he alleged insanity of her master at the time of hie gimng her the deed. And not having the means of contesting fac Jfn rUp°n^fl ^temonts of my brothers and friends for the neariv wXrd»ndmr th® 1° {reedom- % grand mother was ? ^hltJ and.1 th,nk I possess “enough of the Anglo Saxon blood to give me a deep and thorough abhorrence8of oppression. At any .rate, I am so much in love with freedomsmce coming into possession of it, that for all tl.e weald, Slaveholding States I would not exchange my present situation, even with the most happily situated slfve — b.£~.s£"”“ "i“»™-*»b' -"is;; f chlld> * into the hands of one George Wall a BaSvS^iX'ssssiasft AMSES TztT'fTJ, Kt; S?Sr*!f “• —i « - �3 UFE ANl> ADVENTURES Oulhc deiuh01' Wall, I passed into the hand's of* James Met addon, a larmcr, an administrator of the estate of Wall, and soon after was “hired out” io Stephen Claypoolc. This mai> had a demand against McFadden of $1100, and claimed me as his property, by virtue of that demand. After keeping me four years, at the business of turnpiking, I was swapped off, with a Mr. Kerns, for another slave, “ Tom,” and set at work digging stumps—or as I term it, “stump-piking.” In a few months the parties reversed the bargain, and mvself and Aom reverted to our former owners: and in a little time I was sold or made over like a kind of “ heir-loom,” to John Claypoolc, and then to Perry Claypoole. The latter individual was a tobacco grower, and farmer. Unlike a large proportion of Slaveholders, this individual superintended his own plantation andiabored with his own hands. He had a girl named Cjarila, whom he required to work in the field with me, compelling us like cattle to draw the cultivating plow through the furrow. I could have borne it, myself, but it was hard xoork to pull the plow with a poor female yoke-fellow, for although my mas­ ter seemed to regard a female slave little better than a beast nature taught me to consider the impropriety of her treatment! and I could not endure it. Whatever men may think of us, we are not destitute of the feelings of men. In July, Claypooie told us, we must cultivate five hotheads of Tobacco for our summer’s work. Added to this, was the ordcFfor us to “get married,” according to Slavery—or, in other words, to enrich his plantation by a family of youn<r slaves. The alternative of this was, to be sold to a slave trader' who was then lu the vicinity making up a gang.for. a more southern raarkot. “ This information” I did not like,—more especially, as I had often been promised my freedom in a few years if I would work faithfully ; and I resolved,, whenever an opportunity should offer, and I could see my way clear to at­ tempt a shorter and mure certain route to freedom than to await the fulfilment of a Slaveholder's promise j for in rela­ tion to the emancipation of a slave, their promises are always forgotten before they get cold. And, if I could have any confidence in such promises, it would have inspired me with energy to almost any amount of labor, for I neyer desired any thing more ardently, nor was willing to makd so groat a sac­ rifice for any thing else as my liberty.” And I here bog leave OF ANDREW JACKSON. 9 to say, that although I have often heard northern people state that the slaves did “ not want their freedom,” yet I never saw one who would not endure twice what I passed through, and more, if they could but be sure of liberty at the last. It is the theme of almost every meeting among them, and one of the most happy events whenever one escapes. And it is a very rare thing that one slave ever becomes informer against his brother who intends to take the long walk. When one is ready thefrapowerSe Wb° r6main wil1 often helP him in every way in CHAPTER II. “After firmly resolving to runaway from my master,” the next thing was to learn where to go, and how to get away. I heard a great many things about the Northern States and some things not at all favorable to my welfare, d,V»Ttjlf I,1Sr°U d SUCCee,f 1D maki"g my escape. I was told that the “free niggers” were often half starved, and not respected any more, if as much, as they were in the Slaw' States, But I made up my mind that if I could learn the T,y ’ 1 w try opportunity occurred forme to obtain the information I needed from a gentleman who had been north, and described the route through Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois, &c. Then the thing was to get started__ to get away from the neighborhood without detection. I resolved to make the attempt, rWh0Stalur^y n%ht> early in August, I gathered my cloihes together, and after selecting the beat, which were not very good, I started off in the direction of a piece of woods, and there tore up those I desired least, and threw them down, besmeared with blood which I obtained to eive 1 •??1JhC4a-PPearJanC® ofThaving been torn from me by a wild bfeast, in order that I might prevent any one from purbuing me until I could escape beyond their reach. iit ij °ffi.Ce being some six mil®9 distant, I thought I would go there on ray way, too, and get a certificatc of ray freedom, under pretence of trying to obtain my liberty by process of law. The Clerk replied to my re­ quest only by cursing me, and told me to go back and be � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Narrative and Writing of Andrew Jackson of Kentucky Description An account of the resource Photocopy of the Narrative and Writings of Andrew Jackson of Kentucky. Includes handwritten notes about how this story differs from other tellings of a slave who came to Deerfield and notes that this is probably a different Andrew Jackson. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jackson, Andrew Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Daily and Weekly Star Office Mnemosyne Publishing Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1847 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.025 Andrew Jackson Bloomington Illinois Bowling Green Circuit Kentucky Bowling Green Kentucky Chicago Illinois Clarilda Clerk's Office Emancipation Freedom George Wall Illinois James mcFadden Jason Isabel John Claypoole John Quincy Adams Kentucky Liberty Marie Ward Reichelt Methodist Church Mississippi Mr. Kerns Northern States Ohio Perry Claypoole Prairieville Wisconsin Slave States Slaveholding States Slavery Stephen Claypoole Stump Piking Thomas Jefferson Tobacco Grower Tom Wisconsin https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/5be9de835c27cfb500820fba1d36f7c4.pdf 9c752a1018bf2072883fde7274ce1eef PDF Text Text ��������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deerfield History Books Description An account of the resource Books that deal with the history of Deerfield Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0005 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historic Deerfield Cemetery Description An account of the resource A guide to the Deerfield Historical Cemetery, including names and dates. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Area Historical Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Area Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Zobus, Audra (Cover) Kempf, Laura (Document Preparation) Thomas, Barbara (Proof Reading) Spagnoli, Jean (Proof Reading) Dondonville, Larry (Field Information) Willman, John Kress (Field Information) Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0005.002 A.K. Hewitt A.V. Vedder A.W. Winter Adelia Gutzler Adolph G. Bartmus Agnes Meierhoff Albert B. Russell Albert Cadwell Albert Easton Albert L. Johnson Albert Russell Albert W. Bee Jr. Alexander Galloway Alexander M. Willman Alexander Scott Alfred Cadwell Alfred Meyer Alfred Parsons Alfred W. Ott Alice W. Landau Allen B. Vetter Allen Vedder Allena Sach Galloway Allie Easton Almon Baldwin Almon Vedder Almy A. Hoyt Alpha Nina Berning Alvin C. Beder Alvin C. Easton Amanda M. Juhrend Amenzo Russell American Civil War American Legion Deerfield Post 738 Amos Truesdell Amos Trusedell Amy P. Millen Amy P. Scott Millen Ann E. Sherman Anna Antes Lange Anna B. Vetter Anna E. Sack Anna Hendee Anna M. Rectenwald Anna Selig Anna Vedder Annie M. Willman Anson P. Cadwell Anton Gahs Arthur Berning Arthur Bonn Arthur E. Nickelsen Arthur G. Bess Arthur Meierhoff Audra Zobus August Mayfield August Winters Augustus B. Easton Austin B. Sherman B.C. Bestor Baker Barbara Baumler Vetter Barbara Berning Barbara Jatho Barbara Ott Barbara Thomas Bartle C. Sack Bath England Beatrice C. Meyer Benjamin D. Hole Benjamin H. Webster Bernard Forrest Bert Easton Bert G. Bestor Betrand A. Beder Betsy B. Beecher Black Hawk War Blanch Neoma Nelson Bohnson Bristol Vermont Burdict Burr Oak Byron Hoyt C.H. Galloway C.R. Sherman C.W. Pettis Cadwell Caldwell School Caleb Blake Caleb Cadwell Caleb Caldwell Carl Anderson Carl Berning Carl Bonn Carl T. Anderson Carlos M. Hoyt Carolina Bierderstadt Caroline E. Scott Caroline E. Todd Caroline Todd Carrie Galloway Carrie Segert Carsten Nickelsen Cassius B. Easton Catherine Bucher Catherine Ott Willman Cemetery Records Central Avenue Ceo Annie Behm Charles A. Hall Charles Bonn Charles Cadwell Charles E. Lange Charles Henry Wick Charles Hewitt Charles Parsons Charles R. Simons Charles S. Gilmore Charles Selig Charlotte A. Hoyt Charlotte Homann Charlotte Pantall Christian A. Nickelsen Christian Ott Chrles Michelson Clara Bartmus Fuerst Clara Berning Clara Bess Crandall Clara Easton Clara Ott Clara Rehm Vetter Clarence Bess Clarence Kittell Clarence Willman Clarissa Dwight Wilmot Clark Plaque Claus Juhrend Clinton R. Warren Conrad Knoth Conrad Schepp Cordelia H. Galloway Cumberland County Pennsylvania D. Cornwell Millen Daisy W. Bestor David A. Gardner David Horenberger David Torkelson Deerfield Area Historical Society Deerfield Cemetery Association Deerfield Cemetery Association Board of Directors Deerfield Cemetery Association Bylaws Deerfield Cemetery Commission Deerfield Historical Cemetery Deerfield Historical Cemetery Grave Layout Deerfield Historical Cemetery Guide Deerfield Historical Cemetery History Deerfield Historical Cemetery Lot Layout Deerfield Historical Cemetery Platt Deerfield History Deerfield Illinois Deerfield Lions Deerfield Mayor Deerfield Veterans Deerfield Village Board of Trustees Delbert Meyer Donald F. Wrobleski Donald G. Landau E. Bell E. Kreuger E.S. Muhlke E.W. Sherwood E.W. Sherwook Earl Ernsberger Earl N. Danner Earnest W. Hall Edgar B. Sherman Edith Meierhoff Edith V. Hole Edward Bahs Edward Bishop Edward Bonn Edward H. Landau Edward Herrmann Edward Langfield Edward Sherman Edwin H. Willman Edwin Kittell Eleanor Cadwell Elfrieda G. Knaak Elise Knaak Elise M. Danner Leisenring Elise Ott Eliza C. Gould Langdon Eliza Russell Elizabeth Adams Galloway Elizabeth Anderson Elizabeth Lord Elizabeth Phelps Elizabeth Reichelt Anderson Elizabeth W. Millen Ellen A. Hoyt Ellen C. Easton Ellen Eliza Wilmot Kittell Ellena Cadwell Elmer C. Horenberger Elmer John Danner Elvey S. Hoyt Emaline A. Horenberger Emaline Horenberger Emil Biederstaedt Emilie E. Knaak Emilie Horenberger Emily Martin Emma Galloway Emma Hoffert Emma Huck Emma M.J. Herrmann Emma Meyer Emma S. Breakwell Ernestine Martin Ethylind Gilmore Eugenia A. Hoyt Eugenia Galloway Todd Eugenia Person Keyes Eva A. Meyer Eva P. Millen Galloway Eva Pettis Ezra Sherman F. Meaney F.G. Gilmore F.R. Fuerst Fanny Gutzler Frances Millen Frank Sherman Fred Biederstaedt Fred C. Glader Fred Charls Bierderstadt Fred Glader Fred H. Meierhoff Frederick Glader Frederick H. Meyer Frederick J. Haggie Frederick Meierhoff Frederika Walter Huck Freidrich Homann Fremont Randell Cadwell G. Gutzler G.R. Warren Gabriella Sack Galloway George Gutzler George Hoffert George J. Martin George L. Beckman George Naas George S. Beecher George W. Glader Gifford Gilmore Glader Glen A. Easton Gotte Bahs Gottlieb Winter Gussie Easton Gustave F. Homann H. Harris Hadassah R. Clark Millen Hall Handy Hannah Kelling Harriet R. Sherman Harriet Wilmot Harry C. Horenberger Harry F. Bestor Hattie Biederstaedt Hazel J. Beder Headstones Hedwig W.J. Winter Henrietta Ludwig Henry Berning Jr. Henry Berning Sr. Henry Burning Henry Edwards Henry Homann Henry Kelling Henry Kittell Henry Koch Henry Lang Henry Lange Henry Meierhoff Henry Meyer Henry Segert Herbert A. Jeanney Herbert Todd Herman Frost Hermia Nagorsen Herrmann Highland Park Illinois Hiram Cadwell History of Deerfield Howard F. Haggie Howard J. Millen Ida A. Knaak Ida Belle Millen Illinois Illinois State Legislature Illinois State Senate Ira Gardner Ira M. Breakwell Irma M. Hagge Irvine Koch Irving R. Danner Isaac Galloway Isabel Bierderstadt Isabel Sherman J. Hyde Fisher J.C. Cluts J.S. Millen Jacob Antes Jacob Cadwell Jacob Martin Jacob Russell James Ediloff Bohnson James Henry Nelson James Homer James M. Galloway Jane Hoyt Jane M. Hoyt Warren Jean Mitchell Jean Spagnoli Jennie E. Moore Jennie Vetter Jesse V. Beder Jessie Easton Job Galloway Job W. Galloway Joel S. Sherman Johanna Biederstaedt Johanna Jacob Selig Johanna L.M. Winter Johannes Danner John A. Reichelt John Beanstead John Biederstaedt John C. Willmann John Horenberger John Horner John Horner Sr. John Jacob Huck John Jacob Wick John Kinzie Clark John Kofsky John Kress Willman John Leonard Vetter Jr. John Leonard Vetter Sr. John Morse John Osterman John Ott John Selig Sr. John Zobus Joseph Adams Joseph H. Fisher Joseph P. Cadwell Josephine B. Haskin Josephine C. Woodman Josephine Todd Whitman Joyce E. Easton Julius Petersen Karl Berning Karl Ives Berning Karl Ludwig Katherine Gardner Katherine Koch Katherine L. Scheskie Katy Osterman Kittell Knoth Koch L. Willis Gutzler Lake County Illinois Lange Lansing Ranney Larry Dondonville Laura Kempf Lenora M. Galloway Leonard Vetter Leslie M. Haggie Lewis Beecher Lewis Galloway Lewis P. Todd Lewis Soefker Lillian M. Varney Lilly Chilson Lizzie Bonn Lizzie C. Hole Lizzie K. Glader Lizzie Scheskie Loretta Easton Loretta S. Willman Loui Biederstaedt Louie Sherman Louis H. Meyer Louis Homann Louis Meyer Louisa C. Warren Hall Louise Baldwin Louise H. Haggie Louise Koch Louise M.J. Herrmann Lucile Loarie Lucy Beckman Lucy Pettis Luella Willmann Lulu L. Meyer Lydia Ellen Wick Lydia Lavinia Huck Lydia Phelps Hoyt Lyman Wilmot M. Gutzler M. Russell M.D. Otto Bartmus M.M. Galloway Mabel G. Bodenschatz Mabel Rectenwald Madison Horenberger Mae Sylvia Danner Magdalena Antes Magdalena Danner Magdalena Horenberger Magdalena Ludwig Maine Margaret Vedder Maria F. Schepp Marian A. Meyer Marie Bockman Marie Denie Wallace Marie Glader Marie Selig Marie Ward Reichelt Martha Ernsberger Marvin W. Danner Mary A. Vetter Mary Bess Mary D. Glader Mary Danner Bess Mary E. Meierhoff Mary G. Galloway Mary Glader Mary Magdalena Danner Mary Martin Mary Meierhoff Mary Osterman Mary Schepp Mary T. Meierhoff Mary Vedder Mathias H. Herrmann Mathias Herman Mathias Horenberger Matilde Kofsky Maude E. Bee Maurice Pettis Mayfred P. Bess Michael Horenberger Michael Kittell Mildred B. Gibbs Millen Milo E. Hoyt Milo Holcomb Milo Hoyt Milton Baker Mina Bartmus Minna K.E. Winter Minne Meany Minnie A. Beder Minnie Biederstaedt Minnie E. Vining Wilmot Minnie Krueger Juhrend Minnie Willmann Mitchell Mitchell Bodein Mitchell H. Beaudin Monty Pantall Nancy Hall Native Americans Nellie Glader Nellie M. Haggie Nelson C. Hall New Haven Mills Vermont New Haven Vermont Nicholas Rectenwald Nina Knigge O.T. Martin Olive Baggett Oscar Meierhoff Oscar Ott Osterman P.W. Glader Pamelia Scott Clark Pascal M. Gilmore Perpetual Charter Pete Rectenwald Peter Bess Peter Bockman Peter C. Trentlage Peter J. Juhrend Phebie Kittell Phebie M. Fisher Philemon Cadwell Philemon Caldwell Philip Gutzler Philip Richard Hole Philip Vedder Philippina Kittell Polly Galloway Pony Express R.B. Chase R.L. Ranney Ralph Hewitt Ralph P. Juhrend Ravenswood Chicago Illinois Ray Crandall Raymond T. Meyer Reuben Meierhoff Richard A. Easton Richard Hendee Richard Pantall Ricka Segert Robert Beckman Robert E. Pettis Robert Ernsberger Roy L. Haskin Rubie Cadwell Ruby E. Hole Rudolph C. Bartmus Rueger Russell Ruth Marie Ernsberger Ruth May Beaudin Ruth Pettis Ruth Reichelt Pettis Ruthie Kittell S.J. Willmann Sack Sadie Galloway Weir Sahra Ludwig Sally Hoyt Salome Horenberger Salomea Kittell Samuel Beder Samuel Galloway Sarah Gilmore Sarah Naas Scheskie Selig Seth Hoyt Sherman Sherman C. Hoyt Sidney Hall Silas H. Sherman Simeon Tupper Simeon Well Millen Sophia Tagtmeier Laue Sophia V. Berning Sophie Nickelsen South Hampton England Spanish American War Sterling Sherman Susie Easton Susie M. Easton Theodore Bonn Theodore J. Knaak Theodore Koch Theodore L. Knaak Theodore Scheskie Thomas D. Mitchell Thomas Mitchell Union Army 110th Pennsylvania Infantry Company D Union Army 15th Illinois Infantry Company G. Union Army 201st Illinois Infantry Company D Union Army 51st Illinois Infantry Company K Union Army First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Company B United States Army 96th Illinois Infantry Company B United States Army Infantry United States Bicentennial Celebration United States Naval Reserve Force United States Navy Unmarked Graves Unser Bruder Vedder Verlie W. Gardner Veronica Rectenwald Virgil Wilmot Vivian Oshea Haggie W.N. Wilmot Walter H. Millen Walter Meyer Walter Miller Walter W. Kittell War of 1812 Ward Reichelt Waukegan Road Wilfred Meyer Wilhelmine Bartmus Willamina Lange Willhelm Bartmus William A. Haggie William Bartmus William Bonn William C. Ott William Danner William Hall William Henry Hoyerman William Hoyerman William J. Stewart William Kelling William M. Hoyt William M. Scheskie William N. Wilmot William Nagorsen William Osterman William Sheskie Williamsport Pennsylvania Willie Koch Willrod Meyer World War I World War II https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/44740ddfbad5d1f39994d525542102a5.pdf ed43ffb366ca66a2b57484cd2419b120 PDF Text Text Mwtxvdc Sh&ipeid Cemetmu -V s. #• \ Kb 7 i kV / ff y v/ i I 4 S? ifv':# ».U# A ) \ /? ryu l <r \ "'U ni >■ fl. V■. ii if m \ F:< x;:; \ iif TvV / : : m •. -TS (■■# 2--V.-T- r w Ill ft- b I^d|fc5 i rv £ *•T35 * §&'&:.C >w£>YTv k- R: • 7 •’jj* T T^1*'-* m vksd l^SgiS I 1 H .*. tfJ£3i - a: J Uss fr % ■I* 5S KS r-*j f ii-—__ . brtSSs “i_i u ti ■ttf-jr feffer •5) js! *"■ fcf.y ml I 1* • Br* j*M *& 5? ,-JP M"1 i*& >55 4y, ?r /■ ■ '^v Ik* :I3 -. s&Se?^*-' sT iUgss ..•■t ^lES Slits tcsS* t «**■ iMZ;' i>/ *- ;• IS S^£rTTrz? iV'On^llra^V mn .. ^s? '-; _.islz-.-. .■ I -. IB IS fore!*: - ter se •> "■' / _ stmll -*> ■ - E-fTbuJr~ 3Sg£ fe^~1g>A /■#!<* g| Ss & oi< Ls :T5 ■= £__hkV- ^go S# iV r= * I g.5 . <5 i ./• / --, : f Jr■ «L Tsv" :•" -• P'S / // /gXi [ ' T8pgg&>l!3| tm vivjswiS.c1^' '.TS : K/ feii:.;- ,\. - i- m \ V* rV.-> \\p<- » / ^ssss/t^%sB^ik^^y¥?/ 'X»'y L .// vv W- X' ■ •’ '*? w ..«2 ^ m ; \ rJ t\ •.£ SS I ■< �DEERFIELD ILLINOIS HISTORICAL CEMETERY Table Of Contents Preface History Of Cemetery Page Numbers 1 2-6 Veterans 7 Records Explanation 8 Lot Layout 9 Grave Layout 10 List by Name, Alphabetically Appendix A 1 - 29 List by Lot/Grave Number Appendix B 1 - 29 This guide to the Deerfield Cemetery was prepared for the Deerfield Area Historical Society in the summer of 1996 with the help of Audra Zobus (cover), Laura Kempf (document preparation), Barbara Thomas (proof reading), Jean Spagnoli (proof reading), Larry Dondonville (field information) and John Willman (field information). �1 PREFACE A GUIDE TO THE DEERFIELD HISTORICAL CEMETERY A Cemetery is a wonderful source to study history and to learn about one’s ancestors and the people who helped determine the community. The information in this guide was taken from the monuments and headstones in the cemetery - as well as from the book History Of Deerfield Illinois by Marie Ward Reichelt, published in 1928. We would very much like to have our cemetery records accurate to preserve the history that is represented here. If you should discover any errors, please let us know! Please keep in mind that a lot without a marker does not necessarily mean that no one is buried there. Many head stones have not withstood the tests of time. We hope you find this piece of Deerfield History as interesting as we have found it. �Appendix A Page Last Name Willman First Name Alexander M. Date Of Birth 1894 Date Of Death 1974 Willman Annie M. 1867 1931 Catherine Ott Nov 24, 1839 Aug 1, 1897 Clarence Feb, 1884? May 2, 1886? Edwin H. 1863 1925 Loretta S. 1895 1987 John C. 1861 1929 Willman Willman Willman Willman Willmann Willmann Willmann Luella Information Division Lot South 28 Grave# 2 South 28 6 Mother South 28 1 Age 2 yr, 3 month South 28 8 South 28 7 South 28 3 Husband of Minnie, Father South 37 2-3 Dec 29, 1982 No Stone South 37 Wife of John C., Mother South 37 i Minnie 1866 1940 Willmann S. J. Sep 24, 1894 Jan 8, 1898 Wilmot Clarissa June 18, 1812 Apr 10, 1899 Mother North 27 4 Harriet Jun 28,1845 Aug, 1846 Died 131/2 months North 27 2 Lyman July 22, 1806 Nov 12, 1896 Father North 27 3 North 27 1 Wife of W.N. Wilmot, Age 30 yrs North 27 6 Stone Unreadable North 27 8 South 38 6-7 South 38 6-7 Wilmot Wilmot Wilmot Wilmot Wilmot? South Mamma Minnie E. Feb 1858 Dec 19, 1888 William? Winter A. W. Winter Gottlieb Apr 24,1891 May 18, 1891 2-3 2 28 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lyman Wilmot House Description An account of the resource This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Public Library Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Public Library Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Public Library Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002 Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historic Deerfield Cemetery Excerpt Description An account of the resource Photocopy of burial information from the Deerfield Historic Cemetery including information about members of the Wilmot family who are buried there. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Deerfield Area Historical Society Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Deerfield Area Historical Society Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Deerfield Area Historical Society Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1996 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dondonville, Larry Kempf, Laura Spagnoli, Jean Thomas, Barbara Willman, John Kress Zobus, Andrea Language A language of the resource English Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DPL.0013.024 A.W. Winter Alexander M. Willman Annie M. Willman Audra Zobus Barbara Thomas Catherine Ott Willman Clarence Willman Clarissa Dwight Wilmot Deerfield Area Historical Society Deerfield Historical Cemetery Deerfield Historical Cemetery Guide Deerfield Illinois Deerfield Veterans Edwin H. Willman Gottlieb Winter Harriet Wilmot History of Deerfield Jean Spagnoli John C. Wilmann John Kress Willman Larry Dondonville Laura Kempf Loretta S. Willman Luella Willmann Lyman Wilmot Mamma Wilmot Marie Ward Reichelt Minnie E. Wilmot Minnie Willmann S.J. Willmann W.N. Wilmot William Wilmot