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https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/6ca300ea2ec6d27f9cdeff8c2f35e22a.pdf
a5669fd050a86a64821f5e500ac1b94c
PDF Text
Text
Out
To: buxton@ciaccess.com
Subject: local historical research
Page 1 of 1
a. J (? jo 2, &Q. i. dC~
Can you please check your files to see if you can find any reference confirming the existence
of a "Andrew Jackson" from Mississippi who passed through Deerfield, Illinois on the
Underground
Railroad circa 1858-1860? We are trying to confirm a local story that says Deerfield
abolitionist Lyman Wilmot arranged for him to live with and work for the Lorenz Ott family one
winter until he could head north to Canada in the spring. That family received one letter saying
he had arrived safely, but that was the last they heard of him. Unfortunately, we do not know if
"Andrew Jackson" was his real name. There is a fugitive narrative by someone else with the
same name written earlier (1847) but that person was from Kentucky and the circumstances
do not seem to match our fugitive's, who was supposed to have been the son of a white
master and a black slave.
I tried to search the list of names on your web site, the one following the list of families, but
all I got was the message "not found" for the link to the "persons" - perhaps you can search
this a different way?
Also, if you have any other suggestions, we would appreciate it. Thank you.
Sincerely, C.H. Wargo, Reference Librarian
Printed for Deerfield Public Library Reference <dfrefdesk@nslsilus.org>
2/6/02
�http://www.ciaccess.com/~jdnewby/sumames_found.htm
urnames Found in BME Cemetery
*. .
buxton Thenational
historic site & museum
Buxton (Elgin) Settlement - A Cultural Landscape
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(5897-bytes)
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Buxton
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Surnames found in the
I British Methodist Episcopal Church Cemetery
Taken from transcriptions courtesy of Kent Genealogical Society and the Ccmctary Board
Print This Page?
Anderson
Banister
Bell
B inford
Black
Brooks
Brown
Burfit
Burke
Burse
Burton
Calendar
Carter
Chase
Chavis
Collins
Cooper
Cosby
Craig
Cronan
Cromwell
Cronan
Crosby
Crosswhight
Drake
Doo
Doston
Drys
Dyke
Ellezy
Enos
Evans
Freeman
Garel
Givens
Gray
Griffin
Griffith
Groce
Gunn
Harden
Harding
Harris
Harrison
Hawkins
Hicks
Hooper^
JacksorD
Johnson
Johnston
Jones
Kersey
Lawson
Lewis
Malone
Malott
Martin
Matthews
Middleton
Miller
Moore
Morris
Morton
Newby
Nuby
Owens
Park
Parker
Parsons
Patton
Peaker
Peker
Pierce
Poindexter
Prince
Redding
Rice
Richardson
Riddle
Robbins
Robinson
Ross
Sanders
Scott
Segee
Shadd
Short
Shreve
Simms
Smith
Steele
Thomas
Timbers
Toyer
Travis
Tyler
Vincent
Walker
Watts
Webb
White
Wilson
Zebbs
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2/6/02 2:42 PM
�background
http://www.ciacccss.com/~jdncwby/backgrou.htm
buxton national historic site & museum
The Buxton (Elgin) Settlement - A Cultural Landscape,
Background
jnfonnation
History
Events
Contributions
Interactive Pages
External Links
Newsletters Etc
Gifts Books Etc
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Search
‘•Hr ssmrnxi
Herrtege Tour
Send Mail to
Buxton
THIS MUSEUM, officially opened in 1967. was Raleigh Township’s Centennial Project as a memorial to the Elgin
Settlement, haven for the fugitives of the American system of slavery in the pre-Civil War years.
THE ELGIN SETTLEMENT, which was for many the last stop on the Underground Railroad, was founded in 1849. Under
the guidance and supervision of Rev. William King, litis historic Black settlement soon nourished, becoming a self sufficient
community of some 1200 to 2000 persons. Its first school, the Buxton Mission School, soon surpassed its neighbours in
academic achievements. The settlement built around an agricultural economy included many thriving businesses owned and
operated by the settlers, such a saw and grist mill, a potash and pearlash factors', a brick yard, hotel, blacksmith shop, and dry
goods store, among others. Part of the success of many of the early inhabitants was assisted by the fact that the employment
opportunities offered by the construction of the cross-Canada railway enabled them to purchase outright the land they had
settled. And their many achievements were enhanced by the emphasis they placed on quality education for themselves and
their children.
THE SECOND SCHOOL, set up in the northern end of the settlement now functions as part of the museum. The tlirce
churches built during the settlement’s early years still serve this community. The road and drainage systems built by the early
settlers still serve the widespread farming area.
FOLLOWING THE CIVIL WAR and during the period of reconstruction in the States, many of the settlers returned to their
homes in the south to help educate their recently emancipated friends and neighbours.
NOW KNOWN AS BUXTON, the Elgin Settlement is one of the few remaining Black Canadian settlements still in
existence since the pre-Civil War era. It is a community which has, to a large extent, preserved the co-operative way of life
with which it was begun.
THE OLD SCHOOL (1861) and cemetery (1S57) are on the grounds adjacent to the museum. Farm implements and tools of
the times, household good and furnishings, clothing, jewelry, personal belongings of some ofthe original settlers, and much
more, are all displayed to bring to life the era of the nourishing Elgin Settlement. A part of history gone but not forgotten.
Website by
JDNEWBY
The Museum is maintained through grants from the Municipality of Chatham - Kent, and the Ontario Ministry of Culture
and Communication, admission fees, and donations.
Facilities include a large picnic shelter and barbecue, washrooms, a wheelchair access ramp to the museum and plenty of free
parking Of special note is the Research Area which contains resource materials pertaining to local history and genealogy.
North Buxton Today is inhabited, for the most part, by descendants of those original settlers who elected to remain in
Canada. Though no longer the nourishing community it once was, it still remains a vital and active Black Canadian village,
which continues to remember and preserve its role, and its roots in North American Black history and in the history of
Canada. In 1964 these descendants petitioned the Raleigh Township Council to allow them to use the grants provided for
Centennial projects by the Federal and Provincial Governments. Raleigh's share of the money that had to be raised was raised
entirely within the village of North Buxton, through the efforts of the villagers.
THE MUSEUM'S PRIME CONCERN, is the preservation of material and artifacts of Raleigh, with special emphasis on the
history and accomplishments of the original settlers in the Elgin Settlement and their descendants. Among oilier things, it
houses the bed, dresser, diary and copies of'papers belonging to Rev. William King as well as many other articles and papers
of historical significance in this community.
SINCE 1972, RESEARCH has been carried out on the families of Buxton. Most of the people of the Elgin Settlement have
been identified and indexed and considerable other information is now available in the museum, in forms of records and
family trees. Although the research has been done mainly on Elgin Settlement people, it was inevitable that it would extend
into other areas as well. If you are looking for your "roots", we may have a piece of the puzzle.
THE BUXTON HISTORIC SITE & MUSEUM now includes a well-stocked research library, a cultural room where the
works of several Black artists of local origins are on display, and where video presentations detailing the area can be viewed
by appointment.
lofl
2/6/02 2:54 PM
�Research Mat
crials
life
Horny
Map lO HllVInn
Research Materials
Some Huxton Names
hltp://\wvw.ciacccss.com/~jdnc\vby/rescarch.htm
buxtort national historic site & museum
The Buxton (Elgin) Settlement - A Cultural Landscape
Reference Library
This list contains many but not all ofthe resources availablefor the visitor to the museum.
This list was compiled by a summer student n'orking at the museum in the summer of1996.
In addition to the materialsfound here are genealogical records ofmost Buxtonfamilies.
Search this site!
Use your browser's find or search function to see if we have the material you are looking for.
j Search
Tf+tysUf*.
cxm-wi
Heritage Tour
A
Abdull, Raoul, ed. The Magic of Black Poetry.
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African Cultural Heritage. Michigan 4-H Youth Programs. Cooperative Extension Service.
Send Mail to
Buxton
African Culture Series: Native Musical Instruments.
Detroit: Children's Museum, Detroit Public Schools. Children's Book.
Website by
JDXEIVBY
Albert, Frances Jacob, ed. Sod House Memories: A Treasury of Soddy Stories. 1972.
Amherstburg Regular Missionary Baptist Association: Its Auxiliaries and Churches.
Pathfinders of Liberty and Truth. 1940. 2 copies.
American Visions: The Magazine of Afro-American Culture.
August 1986. June 1991.
Anderson, Frank W. The Frank Slide Story. 1968.
Anderson, O.P. Harper's Ferry.
Apostle: British Methodist Episcopal Church.
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January 1977, Vol. 1, No.2
April 1977, Vol. 1, No. 2.
May 1978, Vol. 2, No. 2.
November 1978, Vol. 2, No. 3.
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December 1979, Vol. 3, No. 2.
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1981.
B
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Scott McGehee and Susan Watson, eds. December 1980.
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Ontario: Ministry of Education. 2 copies.
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hotels would take you in.
But for the open road, you packed a Green Book." Subject: The Negro Traveler's Green Book.
In The Detroit News: Michigan. 9 October 1988.
On Black History: Nova Scotia - A Pictorial. Halifax: Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission.
The North American Black Historical Museum Celebrates the 150th Anniversary of the Abolition of
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Breon, Robin and Vera Cudjoe. The Story of Mary Ann Shadd.
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Cain, Allred E. Negro Heritage Reader for Young People.
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Carter, Velma and Levero (Lee) Carter. The Black Canadians: Their History and Contributions.
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The Canadian Journal of Canadian Conservation Institute.
National Museums of Canada, 1976.
Chavers-Wright, Madrue. The Guarantee - P.W. Chavers: Banker, Entrepreneur Philanthropist in
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Choquette, Robert. Ontario: An Informal History of Its Land and Its People.
Ministry of Education. 2 copies.
Ministry of Citizenship and Culture. An Enduring Heritage: Black Contributions to Early Ontario.
Text prepared by Roger Riendeau. Toronto: Dundum Press Limited, 1984.
Ministry of Citizenship and Culture. Heritage: Giving Our Past a Future.
Ontario Heritage Policy Review. April 1987.
Canot, Theodore (captain) Adventures of an African Slaver.
1854. New York: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc.
Clemens, Samuel L. Huckleberry Finn.
New York: The Saalfield Publishing Company.
Coles, Robert. Dead End School. Illustrated by Norman Rockwell.
New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc., 1968. Children's Book.
The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races.
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Ministry of Culture and Communications. Survivors. 1988. 2 copies.
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Curtis, James C. and Lewis L. Gould, eds.
The Black Experience in America: Selected Essays. 1970.
D
Davis, Russell H. Black Americans in Cleveland From George Peake to Carl B. Stokes. 1972.
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Detroit's Black Heritage., .a partial guide to people and places significant in the history of Detroit
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D'Oyley, Enid and Rella Braithvvaite, eds and comps. Women of Our Times.
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D'Oyley, Vincent, ed. Black Students in Urban Canada.
Drew, Benjamin. A North-Side View of Slavery- The Refugee: or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves
in Canada.
Boston: John P. Jewett and Company, 1856.
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Wallaceburg: Standard Press, 1975. 2 copies
E
Elgin Settlement: First Settler Records.
Emancipation Festivities and Program. 1 -3 August 1981. Windsor.
Epstein, Sam and Beryl. George Washington Carver, Negro Scientist: A Discovery Book.
Illustrated by William Moyers. Illinois: Garrard Publishing Co., 1960.
Essence. Magazine. April 1993.
F
Fast, Howard. Freedom Road. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce Publishers, 1944.
Chatham Welcomes Fergie Home. Subject: Fergie Jenkins.
Fitzhugh, Louise. Nobody's Family is Going to Change.
New York: Dell Publishing Co. Inc., 1974. Children's Book.
Fraser, Anne. The Blacks of Niagara Falls 1850 - 1989. B.A. Thesis.
St. Catharines: Brock University, 1989.
French, Gary E. Men of Colour: An Historical Account of the Black Settlement on Wilberforce
Street and in Oro Township, Simcoe County, Ontario 1819 - 1949.
Orillia: Dyment-Slubley Printers, 1978. 2 copies.
From Slaveiy to Freedom...an essay in progress.
Information Booklet. University of Windsor: Hiram Walker and Sons, Ltd., 1965. 2 copies.
G
Gaines, Ernest J. The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman.
8th ed. New York: Bantam Books, 1971.
The Geneological Helper: Dedicated to Helping People Find More Genealogy.
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Goss, Linda and Marian E. Barnes, eds. Talk That Talk: An Anthology of African American
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Storytelling.
Toronto: Simon and Schuster/Touchstone, 1989.
Graham, Shirley. Booker T. Washington : Educator of Hand, Head, and Heart.
13th ed. New York: Julian Messner, 1969.
Greene, Robert Ewell. The Leary-Evans, Ohio's Free People of Colour.
Foreward by Dorothy Inborden Miller. Washington, D.C.: Hickman Printing Inc., 1989.
H
Hamil, Fred Coyne. The Valley of the Lower Thames 1640 - 1850 .
Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1951.
Harding, Vincent. There Is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America.
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Head, Wilson A. Ontario Human Rights Commission. The Black Presence in the Canadian
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Toronto.
Ontario Human Rights Commission, 1975.
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Henson, Josiah. The Life of Josiah Henson, Formerly a Slave. Boston: Arthur D. Phelps, 1949.
Hill, Daniel G. Human Rights in Canada: A Focus on Racism.
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Hill, Lawrence. Women of Vision: The Story of the Canadian Negro Women's Association 1951 1976.
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Howe, S.G. Refugees From Slavery in Canada West: Report to the Freedmen's Inquiry Commission.
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Hughes, Langston and Milton Meltzer. A Pictorial History of the Negro in America.
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I
International Library of Negro Life and History.
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"The History of the Negro in Medicine," by Herbert M. Morais.
" Negro Americans in the Civil War," by Charles Wesley and Patricia W. Romero.
"Anthology of the American Negro in the Theatre," by Lindsay Patterson.
"The Negro in Music and Art," by Lindsay Patterson.
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International Review of African American Art. Samella Lewis, ed. Vol.6, No. 2. 2 copies
J
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Jackson, Dave and Nela. Escape From the Slave Traders.
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L
Ladd, Glen. Gleanings From the Glen. 1974.
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M
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N
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s
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Lyman Wilmot House
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This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
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Deerfield Public Library
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Deerfield Public Library
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Deerfield Public Library
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2002
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English
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DPL.0013
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Title
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Local Historical Research
Description
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Printout of email from the Deerfield Public Library to the Buxton National Historic Site with an information request for Andrew Jackson; printouts from website for the Buxton National Historic Site with highlighting and handwritten notes related to Andrew Jackson.
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Wargo, Cindy H.
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Buxton National Historic Site
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02/06/2002
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English
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DPL.0013.036
A Gallery of Harlem Portraits
A Heritage: A Congregational History Bleheim United Church
A History of Dresden
A Living History: Voices of the Past Speak to the Present
A Magazine of Negro Comment
A North-Side View of Slavery - The Refugee
A Pictoral History of the Negro in America
A Plea for Emigration: Notes on Canada West
A Rage for Order: Black-White Relations in the American South Since Emancipation
A Review of Contemporary Photography in Canada
A Traveler's Guide to Two Cities: Boston and New Orleans
A.C. Robbins
Abraham Lincoln
Adrienne Shadd
Adventures of an African Slaver
Africa Publications Trust
African American Genealogical Sourcebook
African Cultural Heritage
African Culture Series: Native Musical Instruments
African Journey
Agricultural Economy
Alex Haley
Alfred E. Cain
All Around the Square: Feliciana and East and West Feliciana Parishes
American Black Women in the Arts and Sciences: A Bibliographic Survey
American Civil War
American Reconstruction Era
American Visions: The Magazine of Afro-American Culture
Amherstburg Ontario Canada
Amherstburg Regular Missionary Baptist Association: Its Auxiliaries and Churches
Amos Fortune Free Man
AMS Press
An Enduring Heritage: Black Contributions to Early Ontario
An Epic of Heroism: The Underground Railroad in Michigan 1837-1870
Anderson
Andrew Jackson
Ann Grifalconi
Anne Fraser
Anne Straith Jamieson
Anthology of the American Nego in the Theatre
Archives of Ontario
Arno Press
Arthur D. Phelps
Arthur L. Tolson
Artis Lane
Autobiography of Rev. William King and Supplementary Papers
Baltimore Maryland
Banister
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Barbara McCall
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Barnwell Mabel and Bernice Peacock Biographical Index
Basil Mathews
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Before the Mayflower: The History of the Negro in America 1619-1964
Bell
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Bernard Katz
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Bicentennial Collector's Issue
Bill Waddell
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Black
Black Abolitionists in Canada West to 1960
Black Africa: Language and LIterature
Black Americans in Cleveland from George Peake to Carl B. Stokes
Black Heritage Discovery
Black Perspectives on the Bicentennial: Blacks and US Wars
Black Perspectives on the Bicentennial: Economic Progress of Blacks After 200 Years
Black Perspectives on the Bicentennial: The Black Press and the First Amendment
Black Presence in Multi-Ethnic Canada
Black Students in Urban Canada
Black Studies: A Resource Guide for Teachers
Blacks in Detroit: A Reprint of Articles from the Detroit Free Press
Blaine Ethridge Books
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington: Educator of Hand Head and Heart
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Brian Lanker
British Methodist Episcopal Church
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Brown
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Burfit
Burke
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Burton
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Buxton Churches
Buxton Mission School
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Buxton Settlement Canada
Buxton the Liberator
Calendar
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Canada
Canada Historic Sites and Monuments Board
Canadian Canaan: A History of Black Baptists in Ontario
Canadian Federal Government
Canadian Government
Canadian History
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Canadian Negro Women's Association
Canadian Negro Women's Association Incorporated
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Carib-Can Publishers
Carl B. Stokes
Carl E. James
Carl Owens
Carrie M. Best
Carter
Case Studies
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Charlesbridge Publishing
Charlotte Bronte Perry
Charro Press Incorporated
Chase
Chatham Ontario Canada
Chatham Welcomes Fergie Home
Chatham-Kent Municipality
Chavis
Chester County Pennsylvania
Chicago Illinois
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Clarion Publishing Company
Clarke Irwin and Company
Cleveland Ohio
Cobblehill Books
Colin McFarquhar
Collins
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Community Action Programs
Connecticut
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Cornan
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Detroit Black Historic Sites
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Dick Frank
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Doo
Dood Mead and Company
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Dorothy Shadd Shreve
Doston
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Down Our Road: Written for the Charing Cross Centennial 1973
Drake
Dred: A Tale of the Dismal Swamp
Dresden Ontario Canada
Dresden Times
Drys
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Dundurn Press Limited
Dyke
Dyment-Stubley Printers
Ebony Magazine
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Educational Heritage Incorporated
Edwards Printing Company
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Ellezy
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Email
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Englewood Cliffs
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Enos
Ernest J. Gaines
Escape from Slavery: The Underground Railroad
Escape from the Slave Traders
Eslanda Goode Robeson
Essence Magazine
Evans
Eyewitness: The Negro in American History
F. Hubner and Company Incorporated
F.A. Robinson
Fergie Jenkins
Ferguson Jenkins
Fifty Mighty Men
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Frances Jacob Albert
Frank L. Morris
Frank W. Anderson
Fred Coyne Hamil
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Fritz Kredel
From Slavery to Freedom
Fund for New Priorities in America
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Genealogical Reference Data
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George Vass
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George Washington Carver Negro Scientist: A Discovery Book
Ghana
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Green Book
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Griffith
Groce
Gunn
Gwendolyn Robinson
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Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
Harden
Harding
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Harper's Ferry
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Harris
Harrison
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Hawkins
Henry Regnery Company
Herbert M. Morais
Heritage: Giving Our Past a Future
Hickman Printing Incorporated
Hicks
Hilda Dungy
Hiram Walker and Sons Limited
Historical Negro Biographies
History of Public General Hospital School of Nursing
Hooper
Howard Fast
Huckleberry Finn
Human Relations: The Right to Live in Dignity
Human Rights in Canada: A Focus on Racism
Hutchison and Company Limited
I Dream a World: Portrais of Black Women Who Changed America
If This is the Time
Illinois
Impact Enterprises Incorporated
International Library of Negro Life and History
International Prince Hall Day
International Review of African American Art
Isidre Mones
J. Carlyle Parker
J. Earl Burr
J.A. Griffin
J.A. Mitton
J.A. Rogers
J.B. Pole Printing
Jackson
James C. Curtis
James W. Walker
Jane Pittman
Jennie Johnson
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Jesse!? Jackson's Surprising Surge
Jet Magazine
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Joel Williamson
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John Brown Forte
John Brown's Body
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Langston Hughes
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Lawson
Legacy to Buxton
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Leon F. Litwack
Lerone Bennett Jr.
Levero Lee Carter
Lewis
Lewis L. Gould
Library Service for Genealogists
Like Nobody Else: The Fergie Jenkins Story
Lillie Patterson
Linda Goss
Linda Jean Butler
Lindsay Patterson
Local History
London England
Look to the North Star
Lorenz Ott
Lorraine Monk
Louise Fitzhugh
Lyman Wilmot
Macleans
Madrue Chavers-Wright
Makin' Free: African-Americans in the Northwest Territory
Malone
Malott
Mamie Austin Rouzan
Marian E. Barnes
Marion Matt
Mark Twain
Markham Illinois
Martin
Martin A. Delany
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. To The Mountaintop
Martin Luther King Jr.: Man of Peace
Marvelous Michael Jackson: An Unauthorized Biography
Mary A. Shadd
Mary Ann Shadd
Mary C. Mallory
Mary E. Hatter Quinn
Mary McLoughlin
Mary Shadd Cary
MAtthews
Maya Angelou
McMaster Divinity College
Melfort and District Golden Jubilee Committee
Melvin Tolson
Men of Colour: An Historical Account of the Black Settlement on Wilberforce Street and in Oro Township
Michael Semak
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Michigan 4-H Youth Programs
Michigan Department of Education
Michigan Department of Education Office for Sex Equity
Middleton
Miller
Milton Meltzer
Minneapolis Minnesota
Mississippi
Montreal Quebec Canada
Moore
Morris
Morton
Murder Clues from the Black Museum
Musical Buxton
My Life
My Search for Roots: A Black American's Story
Nat Brandt
National Geographic
National Museums of Canada
National Urban League
Native Son
NC Press Limited
Negro Americans in the Civil War
Negro Digest
Negro Heritage Reader for Young People
Negroes in Ontario From Early Times to 1870
Neta Jackson
New Jersey
New Orleans Louisiana
New York
New York Times
Newby
Niagara Falls Ontario Canada
Niagara Tourist Council
Niagara's Freedom Trail: A Guide to African-Canadian History on the Niagara Peninsula
Nimbus Publishing Limited
Nobody's Family is Going to Change
Nora S. Unwin
Norman McRae
Norman Rockwell
North American Black History
North Buxton Ontario Canada
North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States 1790-1860
Nova Scotia Canada
Nova Scotia Human Rights Commission
Nuby
Nurses' Alumnae Association
O.P. Anderson
Oberlin Community History
Oberlin Ohio
Ohio
Oklahoma
Olive Publishing Company Limited
On Black History: Nova Scotia - A Pictoral
One Man's Journey: Roy Prince Edward Perry 1905-1972
Ontario Black History Society
Ontario Black History Society Annual Report
Ontario Genealogical Society
Ontario Genealogical Society Kent County Branch
Ontario Heritage Foundation
Ontario Heritage Policy Review
Ontario Human Rights Code and Age Discrimination Act
Ontario Human Rights Commission
Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Culture
Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communication
Ontario Ministry of Culture and Communications
Ontario Ministry of Education
Ontario: An Informal History of Its Land and Its People
Ora WIlliams
Orillia Ontario Canada
Oro Township Canada
Our North Buxton Heritage: Mary E. Hatter Quinn Memorial
Owen A. Thomas
Owen Burey
Owens
Oxford University Press
P.W. Chavers
Paideia Press
Park
Parker
Parsons
Pathfinders of Liberty and Truth
Patricia W. Romero
Patton
Paul LeClair
Paula K. Byers
Peaker
Pearl Bailey
Pearl's Kitchen: An Extraordinary Cookbook
Peker
Pelican Books
Pennsylvania
People Magazine
Petr Zima
Pierce
Pitman Publishing Corporation
Planted by the Waters: A Genealogy of the Jones-Carter Family
Poindexter
Prentice-Hall
Prince
Printout
Prospective Sites Relating to Black History in Canada
R and S Publishers
R.H. Mottram
Raleigh Ontario Canada
Raleigh Township Canada
Raleigh Township Centennial Project
Raleigh Township Council
Raleigh Township Statute Labour 1838-1847
Raoul Abdull
Reader's Digest
Redbook
Redding
Refugees From Slavery in Canada West
Reginald Larrie
Reginald Witherspoon
Reidmore Books
Rella Braithwaite
Rice
Richard Wright
Richardson
Riddle
Robbins
Robert Brandon
Robert Choquette
Robert Coles
Robert Ewell Greene
Robert M. Farnsworth
Roberta Hughes Wright
Robin Breon
Robinson
Roger Riendeau
Romantic Kent: The Story of a County 1626-1952
Roots
Roots: Back to Africa with an Embattled Alex Haley
Roots: Part II
Ross
Ruby Zagoren
Russell H. Davis
S.G. Howe
Sam Epstein
Samella Lewis
Samuel L. Clemens
Sanders
Sara Bonnett Stein
Saskatoon Canada
Scott
Scott McGehee
Seek the Truth; A Story of Chatham's Black Community
Segee
Shadd
Shadd: The Life and Times of Mary Shadd Cary
Shirley Graham
Short
Shreve
Simcoe County Ontario Canada
Simms
Simon and Schuster
Smith
Sod House Memories: A Treasury of Soddy Stories
Sojourners
South Africa
South Africa: Implications for US Policy - A Congressional Conference
South Buxton First Baptist Church
Southern Africa
Sovenier Program: 65th Anniversary of Union United Church
St. Catharines Ontario Canada
Standard Press
Steele
Stephen Vincent Benet
Stewart Tabori and Chang
Sumner Press
Survivors
Susan Watson
Syracuse New York
Syracuse University Press
Talk a Walk in Their Shoes
Talk That Talk: An Anthology of African American Storytelling
Talking About Difference: Encounters in Culture Language and Identity
Thames Arts Centre
That Lonesome Road
That New Baby: An Open Family Book for Parents and Children Together
The AfriCanadian Church: A Stabilizer
The American Negro: A History in Biography and Pictures
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman
The Banks Legacy: The Chronicles of a Free Negro Family
The Beginnings of Black Nationalism
The Birth of the Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Birthplace of Our Conference: Souvenier Edition
The Black Battalion 1916-1920 Canada's Best Kept Military Secret
The Black Canadians: Their History and Contributions
The Black Experience
The Black Experience in America: Selected Essays
The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone 1782-1870
The Black Oklahomans: A History
The Black Presence in the Canadian Mosaic
The Blacks of Niagara Falls 1850-1989
The Canadian Journal of Canadian Conservation Institute
The Clash of Colour: A Study in the Problem of Race
The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races
The Danbury Press
The Dipper Stick: A History of Drainage in Kent County Ontario
The Everton Publishers
The Frank Slide Story
The Freedman's Story
The Genealogical Helper: Dedicated to Helping People Find More Genealogy
The Glenn Carrington Collection
The Guarantee-P.W. Chavers; Banker Entrepreneur Philanthropist in Chicago's Black Belt of the Twenties
The History of the Negro in Medicine
The International Year of the Child
The John Day Company
The Leary-Evans: Ohio's Free People of Colour
The Life of Josiah Henson Formerly a Slave
The Longman Group Limited
The Magic of Black Poetry
The Mercury Press
The Model Negro Colony in Kent County
The Modern Library
The Museum of African American History
The National Film Board of Canada
The Negro in Music and Art
The Negro Since Emancipation
The Negro Traveler's Green Book
The New Buxton Experiment
The New Buxton Experiment Internats Project
The North American Black Historical Museum Celebrates the 150th Anniversary of the Abolition of Slavery Act and Ontario's Bicentennial
The Ontario Register
The Ploughboy and the Nightingale
The Progress of a Race and Select Poems
The Road that Led to Somewhere: A Documented Novel About the Underground Railroad
The Saalfield Publishing Company
The Scarecrow Press
The Social Implications of Early Negro Music in the United States
The Sporting News
The Sporting News: Fifty-Second Hall of Fame Induction Ceremonies Annual Program
The Storied Land: Discovering the Heroes Villans Myths and Legends that Shape the Nation
The Story of Mary Ann Shadd
The Town that Started the Civil War
The Trackless Trail: The Story of the Underground Railroad in Kennett Square Chester County Pennsylvania and the Surrounding Community
The Underground Railroad
The Valley of the Lower Thames 1640-1850
Thelma Quinn Smith
Theodore Canot
There is a River: The Black Struggle for Freedom in America
They Chose Greatness: Women Who Shaped America and the World
They Stopped in Oberlin: Black Residents and Visitors of the Nineteenth Century
Thomas
Thomas B. Wilson
Timbers
Time Magazine
Timothy Ryan
Toronto Ontario Canada
Touchstone
Toyer
Traveling by the Book
Travis
Tyler
Umbrella Press
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad: Special Resource Study/Management Concepts
United Methodist Church
United Methodist Church Women's Division
United States Department of the Interior
United States National Park Service
University of Chicago
University of Chicago Press
University of Missouri Press
University of Toronto
University of Toronto Press
University of Western Ontario
University of Windsor
Up from Slavery
Uprooting a Nation: The Study of 3 Million Evictions in South Africa
Utah
Vancouver British Columbia Canada
Vancouver Centre for the Study of Curriculum and Instruction
Vancouver Centre for the Study of Curriculum and Instruction Faculty of Education
Vantage Press
Velma Carter
Venture for Freedom
Vera Cudjoe
Victor Lauriston
Victor Ullman
Vincent
Vincent Harding
Virgin Islands
Virginia Governor
Virginia Kroll
Vivian Robbins
Vivienne Tallal Winterry
Vladimir Klima
Voices of the Past: A History of Melfort and District
Walker
Wallaceburg Ontario Canada
Walter Shapiro
Warren Chappell
Washington D.C.
Watertown
Watts
Webb
Website
Weekly Reader Books
Wendy Lee Barry
Western Producer
White
Wilhelmena S. Robinson
William E. Bigglestone
William H. Jackson
William King
William King Letters
William King: Friend and Champion of the Slaves
William Loren Katz
William Moyers
William N.T. Wylie
William Parker
William Roger WItherspoon
William Still
Wilson
Wilson A. Head
Windsor Ontario Canada
Windsorite Reunion Fellowship Banquet Honoree Presentation
Women of Our Times
Women of Vision: The Story of the Canadian Negro Women's Association 1951-1976
Wood-Hoopoe Willie
World's Great Men of Color 3000 BC to 1946 AD
Wright and Potter Printers
Wright-Armstead Associates
Yonkers
Zebbs
-
https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/f7ff4889022dab162da1c3c7f36ef23d.pdf
c5d285d3f189c1ad3a0e98ccd7485b4a
PDF Text
Text
496
Appendix
SVarlier’ °r SUbSCqUent data: Migration reports. These data also
suffer from imprecise definitions, for black immigration to Canada was remrlo
°ften m te™S °f arrivaIs £rom 1116 United States and via ocean
port^ These two categories are not genuinely helpful, for numerous AmeriMnn^°eS "ndoubtedly entered through the ports of Halifax, Saint John,
Montreal, and Vancouver, just as West Indians and Africans may have
rossed into Canada from the American border rather than entering by sea.
Other data do refer to West Indians as distinct from Negroes, the latter
word apparently being reserved for Americans; but in 1926 the ethnic
totals were dropped, as was the West Indian designation, temporarily. And
immigration reports could be contradictory: although the 1922 report
showed that no Negroes had entered Canada the previous year, this
was
corrected in the report of 1923.27
A comparison of census returns, birthrate ^
estimates, and immigration
reports for the period 1911 to 1951 shows that one body of data was in
? C°nfisiderable numbcr of Negroes “passed over” each decade
m o white classifications—not primarily through intermarriage, since the
intermarriage rate was low, but presumably through electing to consider
Aemselves white. This conclusion would also help to account for the
r" flT8h0Ut the Peri0d fr0m 0ntario
other provinces
( ept Nova Scotia), and for the movement out of Nova Scotia into
Negro communities^
*
^ * °ntari° and Nova Scotia *e
were
„ more reac% recognizable, and if one had made
the decision to “
step. By 1961
help to explain the sharp increase in the reported Negro population, for
“sen ISS 7
h3Ve Ch0Se“ t0 “paSS” “ay now h™5 oh°sen to
tinn i^ i ba faSe-In the previous decades a modestly advancing immigracrease
7 ^ ^ W£St Indies’ aIso contributed measurably to the inIf neither the estimates of interested observers
nor the reports of disinterested statisticians are to be accepted for this study one may yet conelude that the Negro, although never numerous, has on the whole been
more numerous than Canadians have thought. His influence in Canadian
Even
°f ?g dUration and’ at times> of marked importance.
Even more, one may demonstrate that the Canadian experience has been
fte SfeCCaCnad0r
wTfl“t the faction between the black,
, . fCad,’. and their shared environment has revealed much of
general interest and importance about Canadian ethnic and racial
attitudes.
(oLTm9U27yeZVf te Dertment °f ******** ond Colonization . . .
l sstrssasr’ -d '*
A Note on Sources
This book arises largely from manuscript materials. That is true of____
most
books by most historians, and usually the fact would not be worthy of
special comment. Negro, or Black, history manuscript materials present
unusual problems, however. Manuscripts left by Negroes are fewer in
number, more difficult to find, and less self-consciously revealing, than
manuscripts arising from more traditional sources. The reasons for this
comparative dearth are obvious enough, even though until recently few
historians seem to have remarked upon the ways in which an anti- or at
least non-Negro bias might be reflected in many aspects of North Ameri
can social history. In historiography, as in chess, the white is always the
first to move—or has been until recently.
As slaves, blacks often were illiterate; even when free, they were the
least likely of all newcomers to North America to leave behind a written
record. They had left no one in Africa to whom they would write of their
new experiences; they were not organized in the New World in ways con
ducive to communication on paper; and they often lacked the skills re
quired to prepare the historian’s cherished manuscript, to be produced in
time in some neatly catalogued archive. They also were highly itinerant,
and frequently not in control of their own movements, so that the little
they had by way of a historical record was swept aside, left behind, or
burned to keep a body warm during the winter. Furthermore, they were
not organized institutionally, so that until the mid-nineteenth century there
were very few religious groups, schools, mutual aid societies, fraternal or
ganizations, or other self-venerating institutions to preserve a collective
record. Accordingly, Negro records are few, scattered, and require much
time and effort to find, assess, and relate.
The assessment of those records that have survived poses another prob
lem. One need not recite here the many arguments about the special nature
of Black history, for a flood of monographs has appeared in recent years
to attest to the angry shoals upon which anyone who casts himself adrift
from traditional historiography may run aground. Obviously, much of the
documentation relating to the Negro in North America comes from sources
which are “white”; thus we often must view black activities and responses
—even Negro thought—through sources which, while contemporary, are
at one remove from our subject matter. To note that one must also view
497
�ancient Greek thought through modern eyes is not to vitiate the conclusion
that by its nature much white-authored history will be biased history. It
does not follow, however, that all white observers have got their sums
wrong. In any event, the historian works with what he has, and while
black observers are to be preferred in many instances, this is not invariably
so; and even were it so, surely it is not beyond the empathy of man to
compensate at least somewhat for the bias inherent in any observation
that moves across ethnic, cultural, or religious chasms. Two superb books
—David Brion Davis’s The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (Ithaca,
N.Y., 1966), and Winthrop Jordan’s White Over Black (Chapel Hill,
N.C., 1969)—have been criticized by some scholars on the ground that
they are less about what the Negro did than about what the Negro had
visited upon him. If this is so, it does not challenge the validity of telling
the latter story, and I cannot hope, in this more modest effort, to escape
such criticisms.
In any event, this book says something about both subjects. I have
sought out black sources carefully, and feel that I have demonstrated that
vast quantities of material do exist, if not always in the customary places.
Such sources are not used in preference to white sources, as a substitute
or supplement to them, nor in token integration, but as parallel sources
of equal and different validity.
As drafts of this work were revised, the documentation was substantially
reduced. Anyone interested in additional references to a specific point in
the text may consult the author’s original notes or one of the earlier drafts
of the manuscript, now in the Schomburg Collection of the New York
Public Library. The documentation is relatively full as presented here,
however, and the following essay will deal with contemporary or original
source materials only. The footnotes will lead the reader to the more im
portant of the secondary works, as well as printed documents, which are
not discussed here.
Most of the books, pamphlets, and articles cited in the notes were con
sulted at the British Museum, the Library of Congress, the Public Archives
of Canada, or one of the Canadian provincial archives. All major collec
tions of Negro Americana (as the term once had it) known to me were
consulted. These include the five leading collections: the Schomburg, the
James Weldon Johnson in the Yale University Library, and the holdings
of Fisk, Hampton, and Howard universities. Lesser collections in the Bos
ton Athenaeum, the Brookline (Mass.), Chicago, and Providence public
libraries, the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, the Confederate Me
morial Library in Richmond, Tuskegee Institute, Lincoln University, and
the universities of Atlanta, California, and Vermont, were examined, as
were special collections of antislavery pamphlets at Cornell University and
!
Oberlin College. I also consulted over a hundred theses and dissertations.
Those drawn upon are cited in full in the footnotes. For a basic list, one
may consult Earle H. West, comp., A Bibliography of Doctoral Research
on the Negro, 1933-1966 ([Ann Arbor, Mich.], 1969).
The only partial bibliography on The Negro in Canada appeared as this
work neared completion. Subtitled A Select List of Primary and Secondary
Sources for the Study of Negro Community in Canada from the Earliest
Times to the Present Days, and prepared by Sushil Kumar Jain, it is avail
able from the University of Saskatchewan library (Regina, 1967). The
list is highly selective and uncritical. A Bibliography of Antislavery in
America, prepared by Dwight Lowell Dumond (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1961),
is the most important guide to antislavery literature and other printed
sources. It does not entirely replace two earlier, and excellent finding aids:
W. E. Burghardt DuBois, A Select Bibliography of the American Negro
(Atlanta, Ga., 1905), the only one of several such bibliographies con
sistently to include Canadian citations; and the references in Mary S. Locke,
Anti-Slavery in America, from the Introduction of African Slaves to the
Prohibition of the Slave Trade (1619-1808) (Boston, 1901). These and
other bibliographies include a number of highly general histories of slavery
which make passing reference to Canada—histories not cited in the pres
ent volume. (A representative example is Frank Hoyt Wood, Vrsprung
und Entwicklung der Sklaverei [Leipzig, Germ., 1900], which discusses
Canada on pages 7 to 16.) Anyone wishing to compile a definitive bibli
ography on Canadian Negroes must therefore consult the standard finding
aids as well as the raw notes to the present study, for not all relevant
secondary titles are incorporated in the printed footnotes of this book.
Official Papers
Official papers tend to survive, private papers tend not to. Most official
papers, at least until recently, will tell far more of the Negro as a person
acted upon rather than as actor. For these reasons, the papers of official
bodies—and especially of governments—were of relatively less use in this
study than in most books which attempt to examine some facet of the
Canadian-American relationship. Nonetheless, the official,, papers were
indispensable, especially for a record of the Black Pioneers, the migration
to Sierra Leone, the Maroons, and the Refugees.
The Public Archives of Canada, a uniquely well-run and organized
depository, contains many basic collections of importance. Among these
are the Canadian “G” series, consisting of dispatches and ancillary records
relating to the office of the governor-general. Of this record group’s
twenty-three numbered subseries, the most valuable were Gl, Despatches
from the Colonial Office, G12, Letter Books of Despatches to the Colonial
�500
A Note on Sources
Office, and G20, Civil Secretary’s Correspondence. The “C” series, British
Military Records, provided much information, especially on the War of
1812 and the rebellion of 1837. Particularly fruitful were Cl, C35, C801,
and Cl 049. The Minutes of the Executive Council, Upper Canada Land
Petitions, State Papers of Upper Canada, transcripts of Letters Patent,
transcripts of Treasury letters to the Naval and Military Departments for
1815-21, the raw censuses of Canada, the internal correspondence for
Quebec, and several miscellaneous volumes of petitions, also added pieces
to the mosaic. The Public Archives Record Centre, a storage depot for
the archives, contained the important General Headquarters Papers re
lating to World War I.
The Public Archives of Nova Scotia, in Halifax, provide equally im
portant data. Beginning with the voluminous Akins Collection (to which
belong most PANS volumes bearing a number in the footnotes), succes
sive archivists have drawn together an exceptional range of material.
Among the official papers are volumes of unpassed bills, the letter books
of the surveyor-general for 1784 to 1824, letters of the lieutenant governor
to the Colonial Office, accounts on the final settlement of the Jamaican
Maroons in Nova Scotia, a variety of petitions, deeds, and bills of sale, a
loose collection of land papers, a bound series of Crown Land Papers,
raw census returns, Council Minutes, the Minute Books of Proceedings
of the Port Roseway Associates, official documents on Old Township and
Loyalist settlements, French documents relating to Acadia, and a number
of miscellaneous volumes (on occasion with incorrect binder’s titles, as
when a volume labeled 1815-18 is found to contain a letter for 1836).
The line between official and unofficial papers is a thin one, of course,
and often impossible to draw. Several of the collections used in the New
Brunswick Museum in Saint John were of this kind. They include the or
der books of the York County Militia, the records of the Provincial Chas
seurs, extracts from King’s County wills, miscellaneous records of the
York County registry office, the record book of the Pennfield settlement,
and a variety of marriage and death certificates. A wide range of papers
pertaining to Crown lands in Ontario, together with the papers of the Edu
cation Department (often referred to as the Ryerson Papers) of Canada
West, are among the most valuable sources in the Ontario Provincial
Archives in Toronto. Deeds, petitions, location tickets, and the papers of
the Toronto City Council for the 1840s (supplemented by minutes of town
meetings held by the Toronto Public Library), also proved useful. The
History Branch of Ontario’s Department of Lands and Forests holds a
substantial number of survey records that were relevant. In Windsor, the
registry office provided lists of property holders, plans for lots, and lists of
burials which helped plot the patterns of black settlement in Essex County.
To the West, the Archives of Saskatchewan and those of British Co-
A Note on Sources
507
lumbia proved especially useful. At the former’s Saskatoon branch, a wide
range of homestead records have been microfilmed, while the Regina
branch hdds films of the provincial Department of Education’s district
files. The British Columbia archives, in Victoria, also hold many official
land records, as well as the correspondence of the Commissioner of Lands
and Works. The Land Titles Office, in Edmonton, Alberta, and the pro
vincial Department of Lands and Forests, also in Edmonton, provided
maps, tax records, and certificates of title.
official records were of great value, since the majority of
XT American
.
Canada arrived via the United States. The National Archives
in Washington holds such diverse collections as the papers of the Con
tinental Congress, the George Washington papers, the Interior Depart
ment’s records on the slave trade and Negro colonization, the Harper’s
Ferry Select Committee files, the records of the Labor and Transportation
Committee for Congested Production Areas (1943-45), the State De
partment’s Decimal Files for the first four decades of the present century,
and dispatches from twenty-one American consulates in Canada, as well as
from American consuls in Nassau, Bahamas; Kingston, Jamaica; and Aux
Cayes, Haiti.
The most important repositories of official and public papers proved to
be in Britain, however. The Public Record Office is an overburdened
ever-ncher storehouse for the colonial, imperial, or diplomatic historian’
and many of its volumes were central to this study. These include eighteen
CO series: 2, 23, 42, 44, 45, 60, 188, 217, 218, 219, 220, 267, 270,
296, 305, 398, 410, and 537; together with FO series 5, 35, 115, and
414. Each of these series may run to hundreds of volumes, as in C042
which consists of over 600 volumes, 131 of which proved to contain relevant
material. H045, confidential extradition prints, the Confidential Minute
Papers on The Gambia, Admiralty series 1, WO series 1 and 61 (the
latter the Jeffery Amherst Papers), the Chatham Papers, and the Head
quarters Papers of the British Army in America also were of use. The
Public Archives of Canada holds microfilms of the CO series, and PANS
holds copies of C0188 and 217-20, although for maximum effectiveness
one must still consult the originals. To these official documents should be
added Additional Manuscripts 15,485 in the British Museum, on exports
and imports of North America, 1768-69.
Private Papers
In the end, however, private papers proved to be of the greatest utility.
On subjects of race personal statements are likely to be franker, more
frequent, and ultimately more unconsciously revealing than the cautious
records of governments can be. If one includes among private papers those
�502
A Note on Sources
of unofficial corporate bodies, such as the Society for the Propagation of
the. Gospel, of the many antislavery societies in Britain, Canada, and the
United States, and of self-help societies, one inevitably will find a more
open, accurate, and fuller expression of opinion and reflection of events
than any official records might provide. Unfortunately, the number of col
lections consulted makes a full critical discussion here impractical.
In the United States, all paths lead to the Library of Congress. There
I drew upon single volumes of papers relating to Sir Guy Carleton and
Sir William Johnson; two boxes and sixteen volumes of materials (the
Edward Vernon and Charles Wager collection) on the slave trade prior
to 1773; Arthur Hamer’s manuscript bibliography on the trade, compiled
at Magdalen College in 1799; collections of papers relating to James Gillispie Birney, John Brown, Edward Everett, Augustus John Foster, Hugh
Gaine, Joshua Giddings, Marcus Gunn, Mrs. Basil Hall, Julia Ward
Howe, Samuel Gridley Howe, John Mitchell, Wendell Phillips, F. W.
Pickens and M. L. Bondam, James Redpath, Franklin B. Sanborn, Wil
liam H. Seward, John Sherman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, B. F. Stevens,
Mary Church Terrell, Booker T. Washington, Theodore Dwight Weld’
Walter White, Elizur Wright, Frances Wright, the Western Anti-Slavery
Society for 1845-57, and the Edith Rossiter Bevan Autograph Col
lection. Most valuable of all was the Carter G. Woodson Collection of
Negro Papers, the minutes of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and
papers of Benjamin, Lewis, and Arthur Tappan. (Several of the letters
from Thomas Clarkson and John Scoble to the Tappans have been re
printed in Anne Heloise Abel and Frank J. Klingberg, eds., “The Tappan
Papers,” JNH, 7 [1927], 128-329, 389-554 and simultaneously in their
A Side Light on Anglo-American Relations, 1839-1858 [Washington].)
Boston is the chief center for research on abolitionism. In the Massa
chusetts Historical Society one may consult the papers of John A. Andrew,
John Brown, George Ellis, Edward Everett, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Amos A. Lawrence, Edmund Quincy, and Amasa Walker-—all drawn
upon chiefly for unravelling the story of Josiah Henson—as well as the
Francis Parkman Papers. The Boston Public Library holds the papers of
William Lloyd Garrison, the original manuscript of Josiah Henson’s nar
rative as written by Samual A. Eliot, and Lydia Maria Child, Samuel May,
Jr., Amos A. Phelps, and Maria Weston Papers. Across the river in Cam
bridge, at Harvard’s Houghton Library, one may contest wills against the
awkwardly organized Charles Sumner Papers, which include correspon
dence with Clarkson, Eliot, Ellis, Scoble, and Walker, as well as George
Thompson and Hiram Wilson. The Ralph Waldo Emerson and William
H. Siebcrt Collections, the latter consisting of forty-five volumes of clip
pings and notes (three on Canada), and the Houghton theatre collection,
A Note on Sources
503
„W;* Srarv6 On^T P!?ybilIS’ add t0 1116 att^tions of this most ele-
ton.
. Garrison II collections in the Smith College Library in Northamp-
some Thomas: r,n°JeSS riCh' The NeW-York H^al Society provided
some Thomas Clarkson papers and an excellent copy of John Clarkson’s
John’Taylor' Thomas
Sharp’ Gerri‘ Smith! and
n Taylor, Thomas Nyes journal, a single Charles Stuart letter in the
ranaHS!nP !i °f ^eVerend Franc>s Hawks. a miscellaneous collection on
Canada and settlement, correspondence on the slave trade and da
(olhSeFreCd0rdSjc0nthe, S°Ciety f°r Pr°moting Manumission of Slaves’
i?hai w d
oD0UgaSS papers were consulted in the Douglass Me
jssi-sirs.rrr ris s°f™
f
Samuel Ringgold Ward). At Columbia Unive^y one S the oa^s
eorge Plimpton, of Sydney Howard Gay (in fifty badly sorted boxes)
e papers of the Toronto Emigration Office, the John Bartlet BreW ’
antes T. Shotwell and William J. Wilgus coileSo^alfwfth m«
14o tnianCe~a!1i osheu L' S' Alexander Gumby Collection of Negroiana
1910 untTl950 so
“ °ffPpingS on Mack activities collected from
n i
at50, S° orSamzed that one may readily find materials cm
Douglass Marcus Garvey, Jackie Robinson, and riteTsSSfThe
H^ York Geographical Society library has manuscript maps which denote
black settlements m the Maritime Provinces, and playbills and program s
for Tom Shows are in the New York Library for the Perfor2g 1“
sity Ltory whe0reeam0VeS
m°St
t0 the 5y»«w Univera slDgular Private collection was mined. The Gerrit
Brown Jr rIafPherS T"1 volumin°aa correspondence to Smith from John
Brown, Jr Anthony Burns, Thomas Clarkson, James C. Fuller Thomas
Henning, Benjamin Lundy, Samuel J. May, Jr., Joshua R. Giddings Isaac
and^T-p” J°1^.IScoble> JosePh Sturge, George Thompson, Samuel Ward
and Hiram Wilson, as well as subject matter volumes, as for exampie on
J• WrLo!re,HNrbc
1116 SyraCUSe HiSt0riCal Society holds a Me on
gun and the Syracuse Public Library has a useful collection
f genealogical materials. In Rochester, the university preserves the large
�504
A Note on Sources
the Samud D' Porter hoIdin2s on
facts snmf^ ° ^aiIroad- 111 Auburn one may examine a variety of artiCornell n Ca ‘aD’ m the Harriet Tubman Memorial Home- and at
A Note on Sources
505
van
SteinValshdenrCovedCti<?n’
aDd
P3pCrS °£ Ulrich B- P™PS and Gertrude
Society hold's th^e^t£££& w££*££S™
IthrTa\?e C°,le®e ^ aa extensive“rno^
The S^te Hi t S?c J' May antislavery pamphlet file proved of use.
other of AmSl7^ °f Pennsylvania> in Philadelphia, is yet anlectL vi^/
superlative state archives. Here the Simon Grate Coljournal of ffif Spe;eral,mtoest“S items- William Still’s letter book, and the
were
Society Underground Railroad,
John nrr,^F
^he.mmutes
the Pennsylvania Abolition Society
Robert VauxPJames bSi^^A^ S°me Redpath materia1^’ and th®
British Navtdiw®
’ Amencan NeSro History Society, and
-£<£?.£=.izzszxr** N'“by s"nh-
the o™!l6fi0DS ^ m°re WideIy di^ibuted and I researched th
em as
Clements t -u V aros\ usually while on other business. The William L
STof J
UniV£rSity °f Michigan houses the large coUec-'
Sarah orfr ^' ^ The°d°re DwiSht Weld, and Angelina and
ed tfd hv n Abr°ut one-third of the most important manuscripts
were
Birney, 1837-1857 (2 vds^N111
^
°f Iames GilUsPie
Wilson, and Hemy Eftb a e includli p' SC0We’ StUart* StUrge> Walker,
55 “ “
brary has several diaries of Elihu Burri t hft make
7 ^^
materials of Harriet Beecher Stowe—in some sixt^lihrL^ ^ ^ f® h®
GrMe'y Swe^nrighf 1°£ “
the Kansas State Historical Soctefv Thk
f
Eastman PaPers), and
||S£~SHSlsi
.»£^"o=r„ “o£ s*ja,tsron M“- °*™*
ss jS2s t";:*
v^oV^S£mS^aVery-A^iti0n —p“ KreS Z
,"d
m
“st “ ■=* Acrrsss: ssr
-d
and I used a microfilm of the Wickett-WiswaU Collection of EhiahTo633’
joy Papers at Texas Technological College. The Office of the Chief Jr"
Washillgton’ DC> made available within its Historical
Highway
3 V3nety °f manuscriPt ffles <® the building of the Alaskan
treasUrer’s Ietters> and ‘he
r°WS ^ °D the early fugitive slave settle-
Papers in Canada were also dispersed across the continent.
Again, the
most valuable collections were in the Public Archives of Canada
There
one
ss
X^rer::
HeJ holies
ments in Canada West. P ’
At Yale, the James Weldon Johnson
are
Collection, in the Beinecke Li-
orSJSSI,
zz%v ,ue“re ;r "d i”'-1«»=«««*
8
0DSWUt,0n of Vancouver Island’s Confederate League. The Carl
Galt i «”?S“ Afc"n,I“™
officials. The Louis-Hippolyte
Lafontaine Papers were of great use on
the French period, as were the
�si note on sources
extensive transcriptions from the Archives de la Marine (Serie B) and
Archives des colonies (Serie B, C, E, F) in Paris, the general correspon
dence of Intendant Giles Hocquart, Fonds Frangais from the Bibliotheque
Nationale, and a variety of transcripts from the Archives Nationale. The
papers of James Murray, a number of Carleton transcripts, the Ward
Chipman, William King and William Dummer Powell papers, the diary of
Alexander McNeilledge, the Reynolds Family papers, plans of the Elgin
settlement with contemporary maps, and the journal of Mgr. J. O. Plessis
were of substantial use. The PAC also holds microfilms of the annual re
ports, occasional papers, and minute books of the Colonial and Continen
tal Church Society, the originals of which are at McGill University, at the
Methodist Missionary Society chambers in London, and in the British
Museum With the exception of the last, it was the microfilm I used. George
Julien s ‘ Coon” of Laurier is in the National Gallery of Art, also in Ot
tawa.
In Toronto, the Ontario Provincial Archives provided the papers of Wil
liam Canniff, J. George Hodgins, Mrs. Edmund George O’Brien, James R
Roaf, the Robinson and Russell families, John Graves Simcoe, Thomas
Smith, D. E. Stevenson, Bishop John Strachan, and a typescript by John
M. Elson. The University of Toronto added the John Carleton papers;
while the Toronto Public Library, always pleasant and efficient, drew from
its midden the diary of Elizabeth Russell, the papers of Peter Russell,
Robert Baldwin, William Jarvis, and David William Smith, the HubbardAbbott Collection, the manuscript autobiography of Thomas H. Scott,
Mrs. Amelia Harris’s scrapbooks, and a variety of broadsides, playbills'
prospecti, and clippings. All save the Smith papers proved of immense
value. The pamphlet and newspaper holdings of the Victoria University
(Toronto) Archives were of great use. A Bengough sketch satirizing
blacks hangs m the William Lyon Mackenzie House.
Elsewhere in Ontario, the obvious centers of research were Windsor,
London, and Hamilton. The first provides, in its public library, files on the
AME and BME churches, on black activities in the area, and on Amherstburg’s churches and schools. Several private individuals made available to
me family letters, genealogical charts, marginally annotated books, and
maps while the Hiram Walker Historical Museum also possesses maps
miscellaneous Negro papers, and lists of black settlers. Nearby, in the Amerstburg Public Library, the tiny Boyle Collection attested to the presence
of the early missionaries, while the museum of the Fort Malden National
Historical Park offered the account book of David McLaren Kemp, an
undertaker who was racially conscious, the F. C. B. Fall and Farney papers,
assessment rolls, Amherstburg deeds, and miscellaneous fugitive slave
and genealogy files.
507
The second city, London, provides unpublished local histories in both
S6 -!b lCJuar!! and at
University of Western Ontario, while the
Hamfiton Public Library holds a number of Negro-related scrapbooks and
G. C. Porter s manuscript history of the area. McMaster University, in
Hamilton, houses the Canadian Baptist Historical Association collection.
This includes James W. Johanson’s manuscript history of the Amherst
burg Association, 1841-61, the minute book of the Sandwich Baptist
Church, and the minutes of the Western Regular Baptist Association.
Local libraries in Ontario, the province to which the majority of fugitive
slaves fled, cannot be ignored. The Barrie and Orillia public libraries the
Suncoe County Surrogate Court Office (in Barrie), the Norfolk, Lennox
and Addington, and Oxford historical societies, as well as those of Lundy’s
Lane and Thunder Bay (the latter in Port Arthur), and the ChathamKent Museum in Chatham, all hold relevant manuscripts. The last also has
books from William King’s library; and Uncle Tom’s Cabin Museum
near Dresden, displays playbills and artifacts relating to Henson. The of
fice of the Board of Education in Chatham, in the minutes of the Board
of Public School Trustees, and the Grant African Methodist Episcopal
Church in London, through its church records, helped fill in lacunae in
the local story.
The Maritime archives were of slightly less importance. The Public
Archives of Nova Scotia holds individual files on several early settlers
transcripts from the Carleton papers, the diaries of Simeon Perkins (now
available in carefully edited form), a copy of the first volume of John
Clarkson’s diary, an Etter family genealogy, several Ward Chipman papers
and typescript local histories. Unfortunately, the papers of William s’
Fielding remain closed to researchers. Also in Halifax, the public library
m its local history collection, and the provincial library, in its newspaper
holdings, proved of great help. The Cambridge Maritime Military Library
has compiled a file on William Hall, V.C. The libraries of Saint Francis
Xavier University in Antigomsh and Acadia University in Wolfville the
last incorporating the Maritime Baptist Historical Collection, also yielded
scarce pamphlets and journals; and the Colchester Registry Office in
Truro has a relevant registry book. The office of the Halifax ChronicleHerald holds clippings on the singer, Portia White. I am particularly grate
ful to Marjory Whitelaw of Pictou, who loaned me seven reels of taped
reminiscences of, and conversations with, Negroes living in Nova Scotia
in the 1960s.
In New Brunswick, the provincial museum in Saint John provided
papers and files on the Eastman, Hazen, Mayes, Odell, Thompson, and
etsel famihes, and some surviving Chipman papers, together with
numerous scrapbooks. In Fredericton, the University of New Brunswick,
�508
A Note on Sources
the legislative library, and the Rectory office of Christ’s Church, hold local
registers, wills, and minutes. The Saint John Public library has several files
on local Negro activities. The Woodstock Public Library has a small col
lection of petitions. The Charlottetown, P.E.I., Public Library offered
typescript local histories which attest to early Negro arrivals.
In Quebec, Negro-related private materials were less frequent than one
would expect. The Chateau de Ramezay, in Montreal, has a manuscript
record on slavery in New France, while the Archives du Palais de Justice
attest to sales, births, marriages, baptisms, deaths, and burials. The Mc
Cord Museum of McGill University, in the Porteous Manuscripts, and the
McGill University Library in its local history materials, were of some
value. The provincial archives in Quebec hold the manuscript second vol
ume to Marcel Trudel’s study, wills and other actuarial records, and tran
scripts of the Ordres du Roi. The Brome County Historical Society in
Knowlton offers local manuscripts and files. The single most valuable col
lection in the province, however, is one not generally open to the public:
the records of the Canadian Labour Congress’s Joint Advisory Commit
tee on Human Relations, originally kept at the Workman’s Circle Center
in Montreal. Extensive and highly revealing, these records tell of annual
trips into the Maritime Provinces, as well as within Quebec, to note and
combat instances of overt discrimination. These, together with folders on
discrimination in the Toronto office of the Human Rights Commission,
provided the single greatest non-newspaper source of data on the 1950s
and early 1960s. The collection includes mimeographed reports on activities, normally issued eleven times a year, files of local union news
papers, newsletters of municipal employee groups, and carbons of correspondence with representatives in the field. In the end, relatively little
of this material was incorporated into the present study since the decision
was made to limit it largely to the years before 1960.
Across western Canada private collections helped tell the story of Negro
settlement, although interviews proved to be the most valuable source for
the prairie and mountain provinces since most settlement was within
the memory of living men. The Archives of British Columbia hold the
reminiscences of John Sebastian Helmcken, the diaries and account books
of Wellington D. Moses, the diary, correspondence, and record books of
Edward Cridge, the diaries of Reverend Ebenezer Robson and of Augus
tus F. Pemberton, the South Saanich Public School Visitor’s Journal, tran
scripts relating to the Colonial Missionary Society, several questionnaires
directed to early pioneers, and letters written by J. S. Matthews concerning early black settlers. The Vancouver City Archives, in the Vancouver
Public Library, has other Matthews correspondence and local clipping
files, and Victoria’s City Hall gave me documents signed by Mifflin Wistar
A Note on Sources
509
Gibbs, which I will deposit with the Yale University Library. L_.
The
University of British Columbia and Victoria University, in Victoria, hold
scarce pamphlets. The Central Saanich Baptist Church records, in that
church, attest to other Negro settlers, while the Nanaimo Archives has a
smgle document on
Stark family. Interviews on Saltspring Island,
as well as in Vancouver, proved of great importance.
On the prairies, private papers were less useful. The Glenbow Foundation Archives, in Calgary, holds typescripts and taped interviews with
Nettie Ware and seven other black settlers, related papers, and letters on
the settlements. The Edmonton Public Library has a clipping file on the
Ware family, and the Rutherford Library at the University of Alberta, in
Edmonton, has several manuscript local histories. So, too, does the
Saskatchewan Legislative Library, the University of Saskatchewan, and
the North Battleford and Moose Jaw public libraries. Again, interviews
in Amber Valley, Breton, Wildwood, Lloydminster, and Calgary, Alberta
and in Maidstone and Battleford, Saskatchewan, proved of greater value.
In Great Britain records are voluminous, cherished, yet nonetheless not
so well cared for as in North America. Most collections in the British
Museum take on a semiofficial character, as with the Bright, Clarkson,
Chatham, Cobden, Haldimand, Layard, Liverpool, Peel, and Sturge
papers. The BM reading room is unparalleled, of course, for yielding up
rare pamphlets, such as the annual reports of the Sierra Leone Company
or the Elgin Association; odd copies of the Nova Scotia Packet for 1786,
almanacks, and other printed primary sources. The Archives of the Hud
son’s Bay Company, at London’s Beaver House, provided many references
to Negroes in the fur trade. Somerset House on the Strand, through its
wills; the College of Arms, in its modest Joseph Brant file; the West India
Committee Library, in the minutes of that body for the nineteenth century;
the visitor’s register in the Lambeth Palace Library; and the Estlin Papers
in Dr. Williams Library—all in London, also proved helpful. University
College, London, houses the papers of Lord Brougham, which fortunately
include a full, annotated index to that collection’s fifty thousand letters.
Of particular value for this study were the various archives and libraries
of the London-based missionary societies. The Society for the Propagation
of the Gospel was exceptionally important. It holds the account and
minute books of the Associates of Dr. Bray, the Canadian Papers of that
group, abstracts of proceedings, the journals and reports of the SPG, and
special West African and Nova Scotian files, together with the Houseal cor
respondence and many pamphlets. The original SPG letters from Nova
Scotia are contained in a file box labeled “Dr. Bray’s Associates, Canadian
Papers.” While most of this material is now on microfilm at the PAC, the
film is unusually difficult to use, and one is well advised to consult the
�510
A Note on Sources
originals if at all possible. The Muniment Room of the Methodist Mis
sionary Society holds twenty boxes of letters from the Canadian colonies
to London, of which six were pertinent. (All are on microfilm in the United
Church of Canada Archives at Victoria University, Toronto.) The Society
for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge preserves annual reports and
lists of votes for grants of money; the Church Missionary Society held
relevant journals; and Friends’ House contains letters to and from Phila
delphia that proved relevant, as well as the journals of John Candler and
his wife.
The other great classification of records in Britain upon which I drew
were those of antislavery groups. By far the most important is the large
antislavery collection at Rhodes House, Oxford. This consists of most of
the papers of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (and the AntiSlavery and Aborigines Protection Society), which are systematically
transferred from the latter body’s headquarters at Denison House, in Lon
don, to Rhodes House, every ten years. (The Society retains a small re
search library, the Thomas Binns Collection of pamphlets, some reports
of the Sierra Leone Company, and a modern file on Sierra Leone for the
period of independence.) Rhodes House holds the early minute books,
memorials and petitions, correspondence, and files of the printed Annual
Reports and of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Reporter, from 1840.
These papers were acquired in 1951. To them have been added manuscripts on the South African Labour Corps of World War I, which grew
from an offshoot of the Society—the Committee for the Welfare of Afri
cans in Europe—and manuscripts relating to Indians in Canada. The antislavery papers have been edited and microfilmed, with an introduction by
Howard R. Temperley, the author of a forthcoming study on the AngloAmerican antislavery connection which I have read in manuscript.
Elsewhere in the United Kingdom one finds a variety of lesser collec
tions. The Earl Fitzwilliam Papers, in the Sheffield Central Library
Archives, and other Fitzwilliam Papers in the Northamptonshire Record
Office at Delapre Abbey, were relevant to the story of Sir John Went
worth. The Southampton Civic Record Office has made available the papers
of George S. Smyth. Wilberforce House, at Kingston upon Hull, the Ips
wich Central Library, and the East Suffolk and Ipswich Record Office in
Ipswich hold papers of the ubiquitous Thomas Clarkson. Other Clarkson
letters are in the hands of Thomas Hodgkin, of Oxford, who was kind
enough to grant me access to them at his home in Umington; and in the
Granville Sharp papers, at Hardwicke Court, Gloucester, which LieutenantColonel A. Lloyd-Baker, their owner, made available. The John Rylands
Library in Manchester has some George Thompson materials and the
Crawford Muniments, containing letters written by Earl Balcarres. The
Royal Archivist at Windsor Castle consulted the appointments book of
A Note on Sources
511
Queen Victoria for me, while the Greenwich Naval Library microfilmed
the log of the Sandown, which touches upon the Asia. The National
Library of Scotland, in Edinburgh, has the Edward Ellice Papers, while
the papers of the Earl of Dalhousie, in the Scottish Record Office, contain
correspondence with Bathurst for the Refugee period. The County Archives
of the East Riding of Yorkshire, in Beverley, holds one such letter. There
are Simcoe Papers in the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth and in
the Devon Record Office, Exeter. A petition from Hitchin, Herts., relating
to the fugitive slaves in Canada, listed by Charles O. Paullin and Frederic
L. Paxson in their 1914 Guide to the Manuscripts in London Archives for
the History of the United States since 1783 (Washington), as being in the
House of Lords Papers, could not be traced.
Some records that one would like to consult are apparently gone for
ever. We know that the papers of Reverend Daniel Cock, as well as most
of those of Benjamin Lundy, were destroyed by fire. None of the original
records of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada have been preserved out
side the George Brown papers. The papers of Sam Hughes appear not to
have survived in any quantity. Materials relating to T. B. Macaulay are
said to exist in a garage in suburban Montreal although efforts to gain
access to them failed. While the widows of both Marcus Garvey and Rich
ard Wright sent me various printed materials, they were unable to make
available any manuscript collections. No references to the Fort Erie meet
ing survive in the papers of W. E. B. DuBois, now in the hands of Herbert
Aptheker, who kindly searched them for me. One could also wish
that registers of marriage had been kept in Ontario prior to 1867, but they
were not, and thus only Anglican and Roman Catholic interracial marriages could be documented for Canada West.
Archives in other lands proved of marginal utility. In Bermuda, the
Bahamas, and Jamaica, local archives, public libraries, and churches
yielded records relating to the period when Canadian-West Indian Union
was under desultory discussion. This documentation is cited in my recent
short monograph, subtitled A Forty-Year Minuet (London, 1968). The
Jamaican Institute, the public library of Montego Bay, and the University
of the West Indies hold rare printed materials on the Maroon Wars. The
Sierra Leone Archives, in Freetown, contain John Clarkson’s draft diary,
while the library of the University of Sierra Leone has the diaries of
George Ross. In Freetown I interviewed some members of the Sierra
Leone Settlers’ Descendents League. In Bathurst, The Gambia, I passed
an exciting week in anticipation while working through the archives—then
totally unorganized and strewn about a small shed—to find only two docu
ments relating to the Nova Scotians, duplicated elsewhere. By chance, the
diary of Thomas Haweis, in the Mitchell Library, Sydney, Australia, while
being searched for another purpose, helped to confirm one aspect of the
�J14
A Note on Sources
Nova Scotian migration. In Paris, visits to the Bibliotheque Nationale, the
Archives Nationale, and related archives confirmed that the transcripts
(many handwritten) in the PAC and in Quebec were full and accurate
Finally, one must note other papers which remain in private hands but
which nonetheless were made available to me, in addition to those men
tioned above. Fred Landon’s private collection, to which that devoted
scholar gave all interested historians ready access, proved to be of great
value, especially on the 1840s and 1850s. Consulted in Professor Landon s home in London, Ontario, these materials have been transfered si
nee
his death in 1969 to the University of Western Ontario. Of only slightly
less value were the records kept in the Cornwallis Street Baptist Church
in Halifax. These include the reports of the African Association of Nova
Scotia, and also of the Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement
of Colored People together with extensive church records. Other churches
in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Nova Scotia also opened up
their records. The documents of the Negro Community Centre in Monfreal, made selectively available by Stanley Cylke, and those of the
Canadian Labour Congress, discussed above, were particularly useful So
too was the private collection of Mr. Alvin McCurdy of Amherstburg who
has drawn together many local records on the Negro community along the
Detroit River. At the Harvard School of Public Health I was given unrestneted access to the original research transcripts of the “Stirling County”
project, which includes raw data on Negro residents in Digby County, Nova
acoua.
1 advertized for individuals to come forward with materials, and a number did so In this way files, letters, and clippings were made available on
Matthew Henson, by Herbert M. Frisby of Baltimore; on John Ware bv
ettie Ware of Kirkaldy, Alberta; on Henry Yandusen, an early black
settler, by Glen Ladd of Dresden; on J. B. Harkin, by Miss Dora Barber
of Ottawa; on Negro Freemasonry in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris of
Halifax; and on the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and the British
Columbia Association for the Advancement of Colored People, by Frank
Collms of Burnaby. Mrs. Keith Staebler loaned her notes on New Road
and her letters to her husband, written at the time; the Reverend William P.
G l!f’ f1S,h°P W- L WaUs> and Reverends Charles Este and Winston
• H. Clarke, as well as Messrs. Stanley G. Grizzle and Daniel G Hill all
made personal items available. Cecil Flarmsworth King kindly permitted’the
author to examine his copy of John Clarkson’s diary in his office at the
London Daily Mirror. (This diary has since gone to the University of
Illinois.) Many others wrote letters of reminiscence, provided references
sent clippings from local newsapers, and simply offered encouragement in
response to my appeals printed in a variety of j'ournals.
A Note on Sources
513
Printed Materials
been indiciateddabovpOIAeS vT
^ scarce Published materials have
. f
. . e' A Wlde vanety
printed sources, especially annual
reports of societies and government agencies, is cited in the notel These
18971 fr?i> It6 leSU!‘ Relations and AUied Documents (Cleveland
211; ed:ted^y Reuben Gold Thwaites> through the annual reports of
die Education Department of Nova Scotia. Wherever possible the originals
bv Pauff rnatenals have been consulted, as with the Relation of 1632,
d n ‘1 Je.une; Whl^h ,s ln the John Carter Brown Library in Provi°f parUcular value were the annual reports of the Canadian League
n7th \r v"CeTn
C° °red People’ of the United Baptist Convention
bers 3
T
°£ ““ Elgin Associatio11 (°f which only numbers 3, 4, 6-7, and 10-11 appear to have survived,
although number 2 is
quoted in the Voice of the Fugitive for November 5, 1851, and number 5
m Bcnjamms Drews work), and of the British Columbia Association for
the Advancement of Colored People. Some reports that one expected to
p °f value—those of the Upper Canada Committee of the Society for the
Propaga ion of the Gospel m Foreign Parts, for example—proved of little
use whde others that one ordinarily would pass over (the Proceedings of
the Semi-Annual and Annual Session of the Grand Lodge of A.F and A
A widT °
fT ' - ' } W6re f0Und t0 conta“ Negro-related records.
A wide range of almanacs, maps, novels, artifacts (as with Negro berry bas
kets preserved in the Citadel Museum in Halifax), and “association items”
!nn-'cTCr^ , ,° be!onging to John Scoble> or l°^s of Thomas Clarkson s hair) helped to demonstrate a relationship, an activity, or an attitude.
Other contemporary materials are less difficult to find. The British
Canadian, and provincial Hansard’s, for example, provide most of the
evidence on the legislative record. The published accounts by fugitive
Josiah FT
^ 7w7 WeUS Br°Wn’ Uwis Clarke- Frederick Douglass,
osiah Henson, J. W. Loguen, Austm Steward, or Samuel Ringgold Ward
ell WC°ntem^r7 cW°rks of Beniamin Drew, Levi Coffin, Samuel
Tosenhy<S°We’ 7?“ { E' Lmt0n’ Harriet Beecher Stowe, Charles Stuart,
Joseph Stage, and others, are all central to this study. The value of most
of these is mdicated at the appropriate places in the
notes.
Newspapers
and
Magazines
While newspapers are a particularly valuable source for the historian
they also present special problems. Full files of any except the major met
ropolitan papers are not likely to have survived and if one wishes to con
sult an entire run of a single newspaper, issues often must be pieced
•
�?
514
A Note on Sources
together from a variety of locations. Viewed as a source of data, a single
issue of a single paper has its values; viewed, as in this study, as a source
of public opinion, and as a molder of that opinion as well, longer and co
herent runs of a paper are essential. Before accepting a news item, the
historian must do what he can to verify its version against other types of
sources or, failing such sources, against another newspaper. The re
searcher must know of the newspaper’s ownership, the politics of its man
agement and of its editors, the extent to which it may be dependent upon
advertising revenue for survival, and the nature of its readership. Ob
viously, news concerning Negro activities that appears in a Negro news
paper differs from news that appears in an anti-Negro paper. Equally
obviously, the estimate given to the size of an abolitionist meeting by the
antislavery Toronto Globe is to be set off against an estimate provided by
the anti-abolitionist Toronto Leader, although not necessarily equally. The
editorial opinions of Toronto’s Christian Guardian will spring from differ
ent sources than the opinions expressed by a secular press. And one must
view distinctions within their time, for most nineteenth-century newspapers
in North America, even if overtly secular, employed biblical and racial
rhetoric on their editorial pages.
Apart from the problem of interpretation there is, when dealing with
the press of the last century and a half, the added problem of quantity.
The nineteenth century was a time of thriving local newspapers, and for
a full understanding of what Canadians read about black men (or about
events which would have given rise to thoughts about black men, as re
porting on the Civil War and Reconstruction in the United States did),
one might reasonably be expected to examine many dozens of titles. In
the twentieth century, with the growth of massive Sunday newspapers, of
supplements, and of advertising, the researcher must contend with a bulk
beyond the capacity of any one person. Yet these newspapers demand
examination, for on their editorial pages, in their news items, among the
social notes, through those letters to the editor which they chose to print,
and even in the products they advertized, one may find frequent suggestions
of racial awareness. A full content analysis of the Canadian press on this
subject would be a lengthy study in itself (and very possibly not worth
while).
Accordingly, I narrowed the range of research in two ways. Leaving
myself thirty-two newspapers which I examined personally and—to the
extent that complete files were available—on an issue-by-issue basis, I
chose forty-five other newspapers, largely weeklies, which both I and
bursary assistants examined on the basis of specific known events, or in
the light of a bulking of Negro-related news items in the initial twentythree papers. These thus came to comprise a “control” group. Further,
since it quickly became apparent that no single researcher could keep
A Note on Sources
515
abreast of press opinion and news items in the decade of the 1960s (dur
ing which time this investigation was made) while carrying out other re
search as well, I sought professional help. From 1960 to 1968 the
Canadian Press Clipping Service of Toronto supplied weekly sets of material drawn from the entire spectrum of the Canadian press, including
all items referring to Negroes—whether in the United States or Canada—
and to discrimination, against whatever group. The specific newspapers
drawn upon, 210 titles in all, are indicated seriatim in the footnotes. A
full list would be superfluous here, as well as unduly cumbersome,
especially since masthead titles often changed two or three times. These
clippings have also been given to the Schomburg Collection.
Certain newspapers were of particular help. Fortunately, many are now
available on microfilm from the Canadian Library Association; and the
Public Archives of Canada, which has runs of all those on film, will loan
its microfilm holdings. The Ontario Public Archives provides many others.
In this way one could examine, for example, the Amherstburg Echo for
1888-1949, the Charlottetown Islander for 1853-65, the Chatham
Journal for 1841-44, the Chatham Planet for 1850-58, The Christian
Guardian for 1837-39, the Fredericton New Brunswick Royal Gazette for
1786-1816, the Halifax Acadian Recorder for 1813-1919, the Halifax
Herald for 1897-1938, the Halifax Journal for 1796-1817, the Halifax
Morning Chronicle for 1884-1969, the Halifax Novascotian for 1841-47,
the Halifax Royal Gazette for 1752-1824, the Hamilton Spectator for
1916-47, the London Free Press for 1859-1969, the Montreal Gazette
for 1840-1969, the Montreal Witness for 1846-54, the Quebec Gazette
for 1768-94, the Saint John Globe for 1847-1912, the Saint John New
Brunswick Courier for 1849-52, the Saint John Royal Gazette for 17841800, the Toronto Globe for 1850-1969 (in later years the Globe &
Mail), the Toronto Financial Post for 1942-69, the Toronto Mail and
Empire for 1911-28, the Toronto Star for 1930-65, the Toronto Tele
gram for 1924-69, the Vancouver Province for 1935-69, the Victoria
Colonist for 1859-1969, the Victoria Daily Evening Express for 1863-65,
and the York Upper Canada Gazette for 1793-1838. The Maidstone Mirror
for 1943-53 is on microfilm in the Saskatchewan archives. Joseph Howe’s
personal copies of The Nova Scotia Chronicle and Weekly Advertiser,
together with the Nova Scotia Gazette and Weekly Chronicle, both from
Halifax, are in the PANS. For background on many of these papers at mid
nineteenth century, see Helen Elliot, comp., Fate, Hope and Editorials:
Contemporary Accounts and Opinions in the Newspapers, 1862-1873,
Microfilmed by the CLA/ACB Microfilm Project (Ottawa, 1967).
Another approach was to examine, in so far as possible, all of the press
of a single key community. For this purpose Windsor was chosen, and
extant files of the Windsor Herald, Daily Star, and Daily Record, were
�516
A Note on Sources
consulted. For Halifax, in addition to the papers cited above, the Nova
Scotia Packet, Weekly Chronicle, Mail-Star, Herald, and Evening Mail
were used.
Particularly important, of course, were the abolitionist newspapers. In
Canada these were the Voice of the Fugitive, published in Windsor from
1851 to 1852 (with a file in the Burton Historical Collection of the Detroit
Public Library); The Provincial Freeman, from Chatham, 1853-ca. 1857
(the originals of which are in the University of Pennsylvania Library), the
short-lived Voice of the Bondsman, from Stratford (with a single 1856
copy surviving in the library of the University of Western Ontario), and
The True Royalist, of Hamilton (of which two copies may be found in
the Fort Malden Museum). In the United States there were far more such
newspapers, and they have survived longer. Those that were searched (al
though there is much duplicated content among them) were the National
Anti-Slavery Standard from New York, 1840-70 (New York Public Li
brary), The Friend of Man, 1836-38 (on film), Garrison’s Boston-based
Liberator, 1831-65, The Oberlin Evangelist for 1848-53 only, The AntiSlavery Record, New York, 1835-37, Anti-Slavery Examiner, New York,
1836-45, American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Reporter, New York,
1840-46, Anti-Slavery Lecturer, from Utica, N.Y., 1839, The Emanci
pator, New York, 1834—49, and the National Anti-Slavery Bazaar, Boston,
1845-50 (all at Yale); The Genius of Universal Emancipation, Benjamin
Lundy’s parapetetic newspaper, 1821—39 (The Johns Hopkins University
Library); and Frederick Douglass’ Paper, for 1853, and the Salem, Ohio,
Anti-Slavery Bugle, 1845-60 (both LC). Also consulted was the New
York Herald for 1854—71, which is not cited in the footnotes since it was
drawn upon heavily in a previous book by the author, and since most of
its news items on Negro activities in Canada were reprinted from other
sources. Of the greatest value was the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery
Reporter to which ‘and Aborigines Friend' was later added, published in
London 1840-1966 (Yale University Library, 1840-57, 1859-67, and
1857—59 on microfilm).
American and Canadian Negro newspapers were a chief source of in
formation and opinion. All Canadian Negro newspapers and magazines,
as discussed in Chapter 13, were researched on an issue-for-issue basis.
Locations of files are discussed in the notes to that chapter. Of some sixtythree American Negro newspapers available on microfilm by 1968,
eighteen were used. Those that proved to be helpful were the St. Paul
Appeal and St. Paul Broad Axe (not to be confused with the Chicago Broad
Ax, which was also consulted), The Elevator, from San Francisco, in which
Mifflin Wistar Gibb’s articles appeared, New York’s Amsterdam News, the
Pittsburg Courier, the Detroit Plaindealer, and the Cleveland Gazette.
A Note on Sources
517
Several newspapers were used at the office of the papers themselves, on
occasion with the aid of an informal index compiled locally for in-house
purposes. That this method of approach was useful may be shown by the
Saint John Telegraph. Two important items relating to the Refugee
Negroes of the 1820s, drawn from reminiscences of early settlers in Nova
Scotia, appeared in issues in 1875 and 1884. The New Freeman, a Roman
Catholic newspaper, also of Saint John, and read in that paper’s library,
first revealed in its issues for 1903 the controversy with Neith magazine’
as related in Chapter 13. The Toronto Star's clipping file proved of great
use as well. Regrettably, two files of newspapers that might well have en
riched the story told here were not found: The Truro News, of which only
a post-1949 run survives in that paper’s office, following upon a fire in
that year; and the Dresden Times, published weekly from 1872 into the
1890s.
Magazines, like newspapers, are organs of opinion. The number of
articles on Negro-related subjects, as well as their content, is one index
to the degree of interest in the “Negro problem.” Articles on race relations
in the United States, appearing in contemporary Canadian periodicals__
Atlantic Advocate, Commentary, Canadian Forum, Canada Week,
Maclean's, Saturday Night—reveal much about the use of the Negro as a
metaphor in the relations between the two countries. Articles in welfareoriented journals, such as Canadian Labour Reports, the Journals of Edu
cation for both Ontario and Nova Scotia, Canadian Welfare, L'Action
nationale, The Labour Gazette, The Journal of the Y.M.C.A., The Angli
can, or The United Church Record and Missionary Review, increasingly
contain Negro-related materials. American journals, especially in the nine
teenth century, had occasion to report on the progress of the fugitives in
Canada and, later, on race relations in the Dominion. Thus, Atlantic
Monthly, The Chautauquan, The Literary Digest, The Living Age, the New
York Times Magazine, The North American Review, Outlook, Scribner's
and The Southern Workman, all contain relevant matter. So, too, do reli
gious periodicals in both countries: Acadia Bulletin, American Missionary,
The [Canadian] Baptist Magazine and Missionary Register, Canadian
Christian, Canadian Evangelist, Freewill Baptist Quarterly, Gospel Tribune
and Christian Communionist, The Maritime Baptist, The United Church
Observer, the Upper Canada Baptist Missionary Magazine, and several
others. The most important British publications were the American Baptist
Free Mission Society (seen in the American Antiquarian Society),
Arminian Magazine, Baptist Annual Register, The Colonial Protestant,
Free Church of Scotland Monthly, and Herald of Peace. British and
Canadian popular periodicals were of substantial help'. These include
�518
A Note on Sources
A Note on Sources
519
Of Riches (1957) or The Innocent Traveller (1949) respectivelv Still
clnadiln erilS,S;
Anglo-American Magazine, Canadian Antiquarian,
prrj
Il‘ustrfed News- Canadian Magazine, The European Magazine
Monthlv’l d yp Cana?en‘ The Imperial Magazine, Knox College
Journal'TheTn
The Maple Lea<- Numismatic
Z ,'T
A Llterary and AntiSl™ery Journal, and The Unirsity agazine. Special interest publications were often of value- Ca
nadian Cigar and Tobacco Journal, Canada-West Indies Magazine, McDuff
!ro, r';
v?" Merchant, West India Commercial Cir-
cuiar, or the New York organ of the Ku Klux Klan, the American
Standard.
fun?seSdatA°nS °f \nd fM Canadiaa and American Negroes were careMly searched. Among these were those magazines discussed in Chapter 13
journal rt AtS A/kan In!erpreter’ African Repository and Colonial
i
, ' _ Afro~Ame/ican Magazine, The AME Church Review Amherstburg Quarterly Mission Journal, The Black Man, The Black Worker
c2Ze/r!nenCanr Challense’ The stored American Magazine, The
Th M Ha,vesl- Crisis, Ebony, The Freedman’s Advocate, The Informer
PalmTh^’v68™ Dl8eSt (D0W BlaCk W°rld)’ Negr0 World> Pine and
Palm, The Spoken Word," and The Street Speaker.
Most of the above were consulted at the Library of Congress the Yale
University Lib™,, ,b, British Mnsenm, or the&hombTJ CoM™
Exceptions are the Canadian religious periodicals, read in the New York
Pubhc Library, at Acadia University, McMaster University, the Union
SoStTtP S”r{/New Y°* City), the American Bapiist Historic^
y ( ochester, New York), or the Southwestern Baptist Theological
v^Tvh F°rlWonh)- Four earlier journals were consulted at the Har
vard library: American Baptist Magazine and Missiona,y Intelligencer
nublSdSe“sBatptlS‘ Maftme, Massachusetts Missionary Magazine (all
published m Boston), and Vermont Baptist Missionary Magazine
(Ruttwe^fl
J’°UrAnaIS gave
t0 othera> of a secular nature, in the
twentieth century. Again, as m the 1920s so in the 1960s, Canadian fiction
m magazines and books reflected continental norms, and the black man was
set to play the same roles in Canadian as in American fiction. Negroes be
gan to appear with regularity in Canadian novels, still as stock figures but
now supporting °*T stereotyPes- Mazo de la Roche wrote her poorest
h k’!fr0miP8 at Jahla (1961). about pro-Southern Canadians during the
r
Civil War; Ernest Buckler, a highly regarded Maritime novelist, was to
prove unexpectedly graceless when he attempted to hint at prejudice in
Nova Scotia’s classrooms in his 1959 short story, “Long, Long after School”
(A fanttc Advocate, 52 [1959], 42-44); and even GabrieUe Roy and Ethel
Wilson, fastidious writers both, could not bring black men to life in Street
D.«, ,„d tvtog L„lm,
r„ -rs-sri«2r- “d ^ i»«"
L™‘
undesirable Negroes, so did lib.,1
men
novels: The Apprenticeship of Daddy KravTtz (1959) r/! .SUCCessi011 °f
(1963), and CociW (1968) It wa left to 1’
Ineom*rdHe
srr “
covertly and frequently overtly-had become part of tte
baggage for the Canadian of the 1960s, a far wfder range ofmaterids S
.h...*h te
Zta p=Jddts^™ d”i «S
o?r“! ,0,bl'Clt-Whl“ "“«=>">■'- Few r«LS ,„ fa,t ,o nS
of the journals mentioned above, have been incorporated into the footnotes
rightly the provmce of the social scientist than of the humanist*1*10118 m°le
I
Still, , not all knowledge arises from the printed word. Interviews with
mo„
many dozens: of Canadian Negroes, from Cape Breton Uland to Vancou
!!L“’ fPSd t0 Provide a background of attitudes, recollections
regrets, and pleasures for the post-1865 years. Seldom
’
was I refused the
�1
I
520
A Note on Sources
gift of time, attention, and of being taken seriously; often this gift was
accompanied by a willingness to bring out faded photographs, wedding
invitations, and family Bibles, the visual evidence of a past that was
thought worth remembering. Such items are not “documents” to add to the
piling of note upon note—no more than the casual conversation with a
black laborer, a sidewalk artist, or a school custodian may be—but they
provide above all the interest and the pleasure to sustain the more traditional search for evidence. There are many thousands of Negroes in
Canada to whom I was not able to talk, and this study is the weaker for
that. It is nonetheless much the stronger for the help of those with whom
I could talk, for the fact that no one appeared to feel that the end result
would lack “relevance” to the continuing black experience.
These contacts often took place at the scenes of events described in
this book, for no archive can provide a substitute for traversing the ground
of history itself. One must see for oneself precisely where William King’s
house stood, or William Peyton Hubbard was buried, or John Clarkson
spoke to the assembled Nova Scotians. To see the Cockpit Country of
Jamaica; to view Freetown from the heights above Fourah Bay; to write
upon a table in Kingston upon Hull where Wilberforce wrote—in short, to
experience the place, the sight, and occasionally the sound of history is to
remind oneself that the historian must always use that slight gift of intuition
which makes the leaps of faith he takes between evidence and conclusion
possible. It is in such places and moments as these, as well as in the con
tinuing chase within the confines of an archive, that the historian must
ever seek his pleasure and his sole reward.
Index
In the index, as well as the text, hyphens appear in French-Canadian names when
their owners generally used them, and otherwise not. Place names in Canada but not
stanhvCHnameS d“Where’ are indexed- °nly ^ose footnotes which contain sub
discussion of a point are included in the index. The maps are omitted, as is
the Note on Sources, except for pages 512 and 519-20.
Abbott, Anderson Ruffin, 328-32 passim Afro-American Press Association, 393
335, 412n41
Afro-Beacon, The, 404
Abbott, Ellen Toyer, 328-29
Agnew, Stair, 44, 108, 109
Abbott, Wilson Ruffin, 211, 212, 226 Alake of Abeokuta, 167
255, 328-29, 357, 367
Alberta: settlement in, 287; Oklahoma
Acadia University, 350, 383
Negroes in, 303, 305-06; civil rights
Activism: in the church, 351-52; growth
legislation in, 428
of, 414-68
Alcan project, 422
Adams, Elias, 258
Alexander, Arthur, 314
Adams, Grantley Herbert, 442
Alexander, Charles, 277
Addington, 133
Alexander, Lincoln, 459-60, 489, 494
Adolphustown, 33
Allan, William, 352
Africa: migrations to Sierra Leone, 44, Allen, Isaac, 44, 108, 109
56, 57, 61-78, 90-94; Bulama settle Allen, Richard, 154-55, 355
ment in, 74, 75; settlement in Liberia, Allen, William, 152
154; Canadian reaction to apartheid Amber Valley, 303, 306, 308, 381
in, 445-48
Amelia Island, 116
African Aid Society, 168
American and Foreign Anti-Slavery So
African Association of Nova Scotia, 512
ciety, 173, 263, 264
African Baptist Association of Nova American Anti-Slavery Society, 149 179
Scotia, 139
220,236,263,490
’
*
African Methodist Episcopal Church American Baptist, The, 342
(AME), 154, 231, 355-60, 394
American Baptist Anti-Slavery Conven
African Methodist Episcopal Zion
tion, 219
Church (AMEZ), 355, 359
American Baptist Free Mission Society
African Orthodox Church, 354, 415
200-03 passim, 206, 230-31, 342
African Students Association of the American Baptist Missionary Union, 342
United States and Canada, 442
American Colonization Society, 154-55
African United Baptist Association of
162, 257
*
Nova Scotia, 139, 345-48 passim, American Missionary Association
386-87
(AMA), 207-08, 224-27, 271, 397
African United Nations Emergency
American Nazi Party, 468n66
Force, 445-46
American Revolution, affect on Negroes
Africa Speaks, 404, 408-09, 412/z40
29-31,46,61
“
3
Africville, 130, 348, 383, 384, 389, 411
American Tract Society, 221, 222
420, 441, 452-56
Amherst, 27, 52
Afro-American Council, 359
Amherst, Jeffrey, 24
521
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
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Deerfield Public Library
Source
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Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
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Deerfield Public Library
Date
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2002
Language
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English
Identifier
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DPL.0013
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A Note on Sources
The Blacks in Canada: A History
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy from The Blacks in Canada of a section entitled "A Note on Sources." Some highlighting.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Winks, Robin W.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Yale University Press
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1971
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.033
A Bibliography of Antislavery in America
A Forty-Year MInuet
A Select Bibliography of the American Negro
A Side Light on Anglo-American Relations
A. Lloyd-Baker
Abby K. Foster
Aberystwyth Wales United Kingdom
Abolitionist Newspapers
Abstracts
Acadia Bulletin
Acadia Documents
Acadia University
Acadia University Library
Acadiensis Magazine
Activities
Actuarial Records
Adams Tolman
Addington Historical Society
Addington Ontario Canada
Adolphustown Canada
Advertising Revenue
Africa
Africa Speaks
African Aid Society
African American Fremasonry
African American Newspapers
African Americana
African Association of Nova Scotia
African Canadian Newspapers
African Methodist Episcopal Church
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
African Orthodox Church
African Repository and Colonial Journal
African Students Association of the United States and Canada
African United Baptist Association of Nova Scotia
African United Nations Emergency Force
Africville
Afro-American Council
Afro-American Press Association
Alake of Abeokuta
Alaskan Highway
Alberta Canada
Alberta Churches
Alberta Civil Rights Legislation
Alberta Department of Lands and Forests
Alcan Project
Alexander Crummell
Alexander McNeilledge
Alexander Tilloch Galt
Almanacs
Alvin McCurdy
Amasa Walker
Amber Valley
Amber Valley Alberta Canada
AME Church
Amelia Harris
Amelia Island
American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Reporter
American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
American Anti-Slavery Society
American Antiquarian Society
American Antiquarian Society Stephen and Abby K. Foster Papers
American Baptist Anti-Slavery Convention
American Baptist Free Mission Society
American Baptist Free Mission Society Magazine
American Baptist Historical Society
American Baptist Magazine and MIssionary Intelligencer
American Baptist Missionary Union
American Civil War
American Colonization Society
American Consulates
American Missionary Association
American Missionary Magazine
American Nazi Party
American Negro History Society
American Reconstruction Era
American Revolution
American Standard Magazine
American Tract Society
Amherst
Amherstburg Association
Amherstburg Churches
Amherstburg Deeds
Amherstburg Echo
Amherstburg Ontario Canada
Amherstburg Public Library
Amherstburg Public Library Boyle Collection
Amherstburg Quarterly Mission Journal
Amherstburg Schools
Amos A. Lawrence
Amos A. Phelps
Amsterdam News
Anderson Ruffin Abbott
Angelina Grimke
Anglican Church
Anglican Interracial Marriages
Anglo-American Antislavery Connection
Ann Arbor Michigan
Anne Heloise Abel
Annotated Books
Annual Reports
Anthony Burns
Anti-Black Bias
Anti-Black Bias in History
Anti-Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society
Anti-Slavery Bugel
Anti-Slavery Examiner
Anti-Slavery in America from the Introduction of African Slaves to the Prohibition of the Slave Trade
Anti-Slavery Lecturer
Anti-Slavery Society of Canada
Antigonish Nova Scotia Canada
Antislavery Groups
Antislavery Pamphlets
Antislavery Societies
Apartheid
Archives
Archives du Palais de Justice
Archives Nationale
Archives of British Columbia
Archives of Saskatchewan
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Archives of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Branch
Arminian Magazine
Arthur Alexander
Arthur Hamer
Arthur Tappan
Artifacts
Asia
Assessment Rolls
Atlanta Georgia
Atlanta University
Atlantic Advocate Magazine
Atlantic Monthly Magazine
Auburn New York
Augustus F. Pemberton
Austin Steward
Autobiography
Aux Cayes Haiti
B.F. Stevens
Bahamas
Baltimore Maryland
Baptisms
Baptist Annual Register
Barrie Ontario Canada
Barrie Public Library
Bathurst
Bathurst The Gambia
Battleford Saskatchewan Canada
Beaver House
Bengough
Benjamin Drew
Benjamin Lundy
Benjamin Singleton
Benjamin Tappan
Berea College
Bermuda
Beverley England
Biased Histories
Bibliotheque Nationale
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Births
Black Canadians
Black History
Black Pioneers
Black World
BME Church
Booker T. Washington
Boston Athenaeum Library
Boston Massachusetts
Boston Public Library
Boston Public Library Maria Weston Papers
Breton Alberta Canada
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Reporter
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Reporter and Aborigines Friend
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society Committee for the Welfare of Africans in Europe
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society Research Library
British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society Thomas Binns Collection
British Colonial Office
British Columbia Association for the Advancement of Colored People
British Columbia Churches
British Military Records
British Museum
British Museum Additional Manuscripts on Exports and Imports of North America
British Museum Bright Papers
British Museum Chatham Papers
British Museum Clarkson Papers
British Museum Cobden Papers
British Museum Haldimand Papers
British Museum Layard Papers
British Museum Liverpool Papers
British Museum Peel Papers
British Museum Reading Room
British Museum Sturge Papers
British Naval Prisoners' Correspondence
British Periodicals
Broadsides
Brome County Historical Society
Bronze American
Brookline Massachusetts
Brookline Public Library
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Bulama Settlement Sierra Leone
Burial Lists
Burials
Burnaby Canada
Calgary Alberta Canada
California University
Calvin W. Philleo
Cambridge Maritime Military Library
Cambridge Massachusetts
Canada
Canada Commissioner of Lands and Works
Canada Lieutenant Governor
Canada Week Magazine
Canada West
Canada West Education Department
Canada-West Indies Magazine
Canadian Antiquarian Magazine
Canadian Baptist Historical Association
Canadian Censuses
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Canadian Cigar and Tobacco Journal
Canadian Colonies
Canadian Evangelist Magazine
Canadian Fiction
Canadian Forum Magazine
Canadian Illustrated News
Canadian Labour Congress
Canadian Labour Congress Joint Advisory Committee on Human Relations
Canadian Labour Reports
Canadian Land TItles Office
Canadian League for the Advancement of Colored People
Canadian Library Association
Canadian Magazine
Canadian National Gallery of Art
Canadian Novels
Canadian Periodicals
Canadian Press
Canadian Press Clipping Service of Toronto
Canadian Prime Ministers
Canadian Provincial Archives
Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838
Canadian Welfare Magazine
Canadian-West Indian Union
Cape Breton Island Canada
Carl van Vechten
Carter G. Woodson
Case Western Reserve University
Cecil Harmsworth King
Central Saanich Baptist Church
Certificates of TItle
Challenge
Chapel Hill North Carolina
Charles Alexander
Charles Este
Charles O. Paullin
Charles Stuart
Charles Sumner
Charles Wager
Charlottesville Virginia
Charlottetown Canada
Charlottetown Islander
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Chateau de Ramezay
Chatham Board of Education
Chatham Board of Public School Trustees
Chatham Board of Public School Trustees Meeting Minutes
Chatham Journal
Chatham Ontario Canada
Chatham Planet
Chatham-Kent Museum
Chicago Broad Ax
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Chicago Public Library
Chipman
Christ's Church
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Christian Guardian
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Church Missionary Society
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Cleveland
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Colonial Missionary Society
Columbia University
Columbia University George Plimpton Papers
Columbia University James T. Shotwell Collection
Columbia University John Bartlet Brebner Collection
Columbia University L.S. Alexander Gumby Collection of Negroiana
Columbia University Sydney Howard Gay Papers
Columbia University William J. Wilgus Collection
Columbus Ohio
Commentary Magazine
Concord Free Public Library
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Continental Congress
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Cornell University College Papers
Cornell University Samuel J. May Antislavery Pamphlet File
Cornell University Special Collections
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Crisi
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David William Smith
Death Certificates
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Delapre Abbey
Denison House
Detroit Historical Society
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Edward Everett Augustus John Foster
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Russell
Elizur Wright
Ellen Toyer Abbott
Ernest Buckler
Essex County Ontario Canada
Ethel Wilson
Etter
Evidence
Excelsior
Exchange
Exeter England
F.W. Pickens
Family Bibles
Family Letters
Fate Hope and Editorials: Contemporary Accounts and Opinions in the Newspapers 1862-1873
Fisk University
Fisk University American Missionary Association Archives
Fisk University Library
Flash
Fort Erie
Fort Malden Museum
Fort Malden National Historical Park
Fort Malden National Historical Park Museum
Fort Malden National Historical Park Museum F.C.B. Fall and Farney Papers
Fort Worth Texas
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Frances Write
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Francis Parkman
Frank Collins
Frank Hoyt Wood
Frank J. Klingberg
Franklin B. Sanborn
Fraternal Organizations
Fred Landon
Frederic L. Paxson
Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass' Paper
Fredericton Canada
Fredericton New Brunswick Royal Gazette
Free Church of Scotland Monthly Magazine
Freetown Sierra Leone
Freewill Baptist Quarterly Magazine
Fremont Ohio
French Archives de la Marine
French Archives des Colonies
French Canadian
Friends' House
Fugitive Slave Files
Fugitive Slave Settlements
Fur Trade
G.C. Porter
Gabrielle Roy
Genealogical Charts
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George Brown
George Ellis
George Julien
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George S. Smyth
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Gerrit Smith
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Gertrude Stein
Gideon Welles
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Glen Ladd
Glenbow Foundation Archives
Globe and Mail
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Gospel Tribune and Christian Communionist Magazine
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Grantley Herbert Adams
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Great Britain
Great Britain Public Record Office
Great Britain Public Record Office Admiralty Series 1
Great Britain Public Record Office British Army in America Headquarters Papers
Great Britain Public Record Office Chatham Papers
Great Britain Public Record Office Confidential Minute Papers on The Gambia
Great Britain Public Record Office WO Series 1
Greenwich Naval Library
Guide to the Manuscripts in London Archives for the History of the United States Since 1783
Guy Carleton
Halifax Acadian Recorder
Halifax Chronicle-Herald
Halifax Citadel Museum
Halifax Evening Mail
Halifax Herald
Halifax Journal
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Halifax Novascotian
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Halifax Royal Gazette
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Halvor Steenerson
Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Hamilton Spectator
Hampton University
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Hardwicke Court Granville Sharp Papers
Harlem New York City
Harper's Ferry
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Hartford Connecticut
Harvard Library
Harvard School of Public Health
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Harvard University Houghton Library
Harvard University Houghton Library Charles Sumner Papers
Harvard University Houghton LIbrary Houghton Theatre Collection
Harvard University Houghton Library Ralph Waldo Emerson Collection
Harvard University Houghton Library William H. Siebert Collection
Hazen
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Henry Bibb
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Henry Huntington Library
Henry Vandusen
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Henson
Herald of Peace Magazine
Herbert Aptheker
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Hitchin
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Hugh Gaine
Human Rights Commission
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Human Rights Commission Toronto Office Discrimination Files
Illiterate
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Index
India
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Interviews
Ipswich Central Library
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Irving Layton
Isaac Allen
Issac J. Rice
Ithaca New York
J. George Hodgins
J.B. Harkin
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J.W. Loguen
Jackie Robinson
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Jamaican Institute
James Buchanan
James C. Fuller
James G. Birney
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James Miller McKim
James Murray
James R. Roaf
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Jeffrey Amherst
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john Sherman
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John Wentworth
Joseph Brant
Joseph Howe
Joseph Sturge
Joshua Giddings
Joshua R. Giddings
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Journals
Julia Ward Howe
Kansas State Historical Society
Karl Shapiro
Kentucky
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Kingston Jamaica
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Kirkaldy Alberta Canada
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Knox College Monthly
Ku Klux Klan
L.S. Alexander Gumby
L'Action Nationale Magazine
Lambeth Palace Library
Land Records
Le Foyer Canadien
Leipzig Germany
Lennox Historical Society
Lennox Ontario Canada
Leonard Cohen
Letter Books of Dispatches to the Colonial Office
Letters of James Gillispie Birney
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Levi Coffin
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Liberator
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Library of Congress
Limbo
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Literary Criticism
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Local Histories
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London Daily Mirror
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Lot Plans
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Lowery's Claim
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Lydia Maria Child
M.L. Bondam
Maclean's Magazine
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Magdalen College
Maidstone Mirror
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Maine Historical Society
Maine Historical Society Robert Trelawny Collection
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Manuscript
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manuscripts
Maps
Marcel Trudel
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Maroon Wars
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Mazo de la Roche
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McGill University
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McGill University McCord Museum
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McMaster University
McMaster University Canadian Baptist Historical Association Collection
Methodist Missionary Society
Methodist Missionary Society Muniment Room
Mifflin Wistar Gibb
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Migration to Sierra Leone
Minnesota Historical Society
Minnesota Historical Society Halvo Steenerson Papers
Minutes
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Mitchell Library
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Mordecai Richler
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Municipal Employee Group Newsletters
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Nanaimo Archives
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National Anti-Slavery Bazaar
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
National Library of Scotland
National Library of Scotland Edward Ellice Papers
National Library of Wales
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Naval and Military Departments Treasury Letter Transcripts
Negro Digest
Negro World
Neith Magazine
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New Britain Public Library
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New Brunswick Museum Ryerson Papers
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New France
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New York Geographical Society
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New York Historical Society Correspondence on the Slave Trade and Slavery
New York Historical Society Frederick Douglass Papers
New York Historical Society Gerrit Smith Papers
New York Historical Society Granville Sharp Papers
New York Historical Society John Taylor Papers
New York Historical Society Miscellaneous Canada Collection
New York Historical Society Society for Promoting Manumission of Slaves Records
New York Historical Society Thomas Clarkson Papers
New York Library for the Performing Arts
New York Public Library
New York Public Library Alexander Crummell Collection
New York Public Library Gideon Welles Papers
New York Public Library Horace Greeley Papers
New York Public Library James Miller McKim Papers
New York Public Library John Edward Bruce Papers
New York Public Library Maria Trumbull Church Papers
New York Public Library Schomburg Collection
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New York Public Library William Lloyd Garrison Papers
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Norfolk Historical Society
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Nova Scotia Jamaican Maroons
Nova Scotia Journal of Education
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Novels
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Numismatic Journal
Oakland Art Gallery
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Oberlin College
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Odell
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Ohio State Historical Society
Ohio State Historical Society Benjamin Lundy Papers
Ohio State Historical Society John Brown Papers
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Ohio State Historical Society Wilbur H. Siebert Papers
Oklahoma
Old Township Settlements
Oliver Johnson
Onatario Department of Lands and Forests
Ontario Canada
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Ordres du Roi
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Orillia Public Library
Ottawa Canada
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Outlook Magazine
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Oxford Historical Society
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Oxford Rhodes House
Pamphlets
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Pennsylvania Abolition Society
Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society
Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society Underground Railroad Journal
Pennsylvania State Historical Society
Pennsylvania State Historical Society John Brown Papers
Pennsylvania State Historical Society Simon Gratz Collection
Personal Statements
Peter Russell
Petitions
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Prairie Provinces
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Public Archives of Canada Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Papers
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Quantity
Quebec Canada
Quebec Gazette
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Queen Victoria
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
Raymond Souster
Redpath
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REgina
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Reuben Gold Thwaites
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Richard Allen
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Richmond Confederate Memorial Library
Richmond Virginia
Robert Baldwin
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Rochester New York
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Roman Catholic Church
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Samuel J. May Jr.
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Samuel Ringgold Ward
Samuel Ward
San Francisco California
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Sanborn
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Sarah Grimke
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Saturday Night Magazine
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Scrapbooks
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Self-Help Societies
Semi-Annual and Annual Session of the Grand Lodge of A.F. and A. Masons of Ontario
Sheffield Central Library
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Sheffield Central Library Archives Earl Fitzwilliam Papers
Shelburne Canada
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone Archives
Sierra Leone Company
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Simcoe County Surrogate Court Office
Simeon Perkins
Simon Gratz
Smith College
Smith College Library
Smith College Library Sophia Smith Collection
Smith College Library W.L. Garrison II Collection
Society for Promoting Manumission of Slaves
Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Canadian Papers
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts Upper Canada Committee
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Nova Scotian Files
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel West African Files
Somerset House
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South Saanich Public School Visitor's Journal
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Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary
Special Interest Publications
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8. A Continental Abolitionism?
The Underground Railroad plays a dual role in the story of the continental
movement to abolish slavery. It was unquestionably the highly effective
means by which a number—an exaggerated and indefinite number of
fugitive slaves reached British North America. It was the cause of a legend
that would make it possible for Canadians to reinforce their self-congrat
ulatory attitudes toward their position on the Negro, and to strengthen
those self-congratulatory assumptions into the twentieth century. The latter role was more demonstrable than the former.
To say that the Underground Railroad was enlarged by legend is not
to say that it did not exist. Clearly, there was a loose network of abolition
ists, perhaps predominantly Quaker, who communicated with one another
in order to make known various places of refuge where fugitive slaves
might go during their journey from the slave states to the free border cities
of the north and to the British provinces. Thousands of fugitive slaves were
helped in this manner, being passed on from hand to hand, fed, clothed,
and hidden, and on occasion given transport or money for the purchase of
tickets. In some areas—especially southern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio—
the so-called Underground Railroad agents worked clandestinely, living
amidst proslavery or anti-Negro neighbors. But in many other areas
further to the north the Railroad was seldom underground, being well
known to local newspapers and law officers alike—as in Syracuse, Detroit,
and Toledo. That the Railroad did help many fugitive slaves reach Canada
West in particular, yet that its importance was much exaggerated, is now
well demonstrated.1 Both aspects of this legend are central to an under
standing of the position of the Negro in the Canadas during the decade
before, and the several decades after, the Civil War.
Canadian legend today claims that at least sixty thousand fugitive
slaves were resident in Canada West in 1860. Contemporary estimates
ranged from fifteen to seventy-five thousand, with many whites accepting
figures closer to the latter. If this were so, the black population of Canada
West in the 1850s was around 4 percent of the total, since the 1861 census
1. See, in particular, Larry Gara: “Propaganda Uses of the Underground Railway,”
Mid-America, n.s., 23 (1952), 155-71; and idem, “The Underground Railway: Legend
or Reality?”, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 105 (1961), 33439.
�234
A Continental Abolitionism?
The Blacks in Canada
for the province showed 1,396,000. That the Negro population did increase
precipitously in the southwestern part of the province also is clear, a condition that helps to explain the rapidly rising anti-Negro sentiment in that
portion of Canada West as well as the tendency to overestimate Negro
numbers. If so many fugitive slaves did find refuge in the single province,
two other conclusions follow: the great majority returned to the United
States at the end of the Civil War, since the Negro population in 1871
was undeniably but a fraction of sixty thousand; and the Canadians could
rightly take credit for harboring—and for at least a decade and a half
giving aid to—a quite substantial body of refugees from the political and
social conflicts of the Republic.
Yet, both the estimates of the Negro population, and the conclusions
relating to fugitive slaves that flow from these estimates, must be tempered
by a number of observations:
1. While contemporary accounts often suggested that sixty thousand or
more fugitive slaves were present in Canada West, in fact at least, both
Canada West and Canada East were meant—as one may see when the
estimates are read in context; and on occasion all of British North America
was indicated. Thus, the sixty thousand should be read against a total
population of over three million. In fact, the black segment of the population probably gained only a percentage point in the 1850s, since there
was massive white immigration during the decade.
2. While the estimates implied that they referred to fugitive slaves only,
again when read in context nearly all show that they applied to the total
black population. The figures often were given out in ignorance of the
presence of many free Negroes from the northern states and of free
Canadian Negroes who traced themselves back to the American Revolution. One may ask, What is said of the British North American attitude
toward Negroes when all were assumed to be fugitives? 2
3. In any event, the estimates utterly ignore the official censuses of the
governments of the Canadas. The census for Canada West in 1851 showed
a total of 4,669 Negroes, while official estimates suggested 8,000; the
census for 1861 showed 11,223; and other official figures raised the total
to 13,566. The 1861 census, in particular, was thought at the time and has
proven since to be quite inaccurate.3
2. Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 219; Booker T. Washington, The Story of
the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery (New York, 1909), 2, 240. Contemporary authority for the estimate of a total of sixty thousand Negroes in the Canadas
appears in “W. M. G.” “A Sabbath among the Runaway Negroes at Niagara,” Excelsior, 5 (1856), 41. Typical exaggerations include the estimate of Thomas Nye, men
tioned in chapter 6, note 28, above.
3. See M. C. Urquhart and K. A. H. Buckley, cds., Historical Statistics of Canada
(Cambridge, 1965), pp. 1-4, for an analysis of the inaccuracy of the early census
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4. Further, no accurate figures can be given either for the number of
fugitive slaves in the whole of the British North American provinces, or
for the total number of Negroes. Many attempted to pass for white when in
the Canadas, many were not enumerated, and census takers might reasonably have confused fugitive American with free American blacks, since the
former often claimed the status of the latter, especially because of their
misplaced fear of extradition.
5. Samuel Ringgold Ward, a fugitive slave himself, wrote in his autobiography in 1855 that reaching Canada was a most difficult task, and that
"but few comparatively can come.” This would seem a logical conclusion,
for the Canadas were far away and little known to the fugitives, and many
were told that the colonies were uninhabitable for black men. One must assume that the majority of the total number of fugitive slaves did not reach
the Canadian provinces and remained in the free northern states.4
6. This being so, how many might have reached the Canadas? Official
reports suggested that the slave states lost perhaps a thousand runaway
slaves a year. Assuming this to be so for the period 1830 to 1860, even
had every single fugitive reached Canada safely, the total would have been
only 30,000.° As it was, many died en route, disappeared and could not be
accounted for, returned to the South to escape another time and be counted
again (for one man escaping twice is two escapes, although he is still but
one man when on Canadian soil), or remained in the North.
7. Thus, contemporary accounts tended to refer to fugitives as “passing
through” Syracuse, Albany, or Cleveland “on the way to Canada.’ All
of these were assumed to have reached the Canadas. But many—perhaps
the majority—stopped short of the Canadian border; and many were
counted more than once, “passing through” Albany and, at a later date,
“passing through” Syracuse, Rochester, or Buffalo. No doubt, there were
many, like William Wells Brown, who set out for Canada West and, finding
ice on Lake Erie had curtailed steamer traffic, simply stayed in Ohio.6
returns. The census of 1851 is believed to have underenumerated the province’s
total population by a hundred thousand. Both it and that of 1861 undercounted
children.
4. Ward, Autobiography, p. 158; Gara, The Liberty Line: The Legend of the
Underground Railroad (Lexington, Ky.f 1961), pp. 37-40, 67, 111, 145, 149, 161,
185-90. Gara has drawn upon the Siebert Papers in the Ohio State Historical Society
and Harvard's Houghton Library; I have examined both collections and accept his
conclusions.
5. However, in 1855 a Southern judge guessed that the slave states had lost
“upwards of 60,000 slaves” (Kenneth M. Stampp, The Peculiar Institution: Slavery In
the Ante-Bellum South [New York, 1964], p. 118).
6. See William Edward Farrison, “A Flight Across Ohio: The Escape of William
Wells Brown from Slavery,” The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly,
61 (1952), 272-82, and Brown’s Narrative . . . (Boston, 1847). A typical entry
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77ie Blacks in Canada
A Continental Abolitionism?
237
8. Related to this terminological guesswork was the tendency for
abolitionists, in letters, newspaper accounts, and their autobiographies, to
rejoice at having put a fugitive “on the stage for Canada.” This phrase
could be invoked in Cincinnati—where it meant nothing, since no stage
ran from southern Ohio to Canada—as well as in Buffalo, where it had
genuine meaning. To count a fugitive who boarded a stage in Cincinnati,
or even Oberlin, as being safely in Canada is similar to assuming that a
Hungarian refugee who was seen leaving Budapest in 1957 arrived safely
in Vienna.
9. The abolitionist press quoted each other at length, usually but not
always with credit, and with repetitious figures—all of which served to
create the impression that refugees were reaching Canada West in waves.
The Voice of the Fugitive would report that forty Negroes had arrived in
Amherstburg; six weeks later the same item would be reprinted in another
abolitionist journal in New York or Ohio. The forty fugitives one read of
in June were the same forty that one had read of in April.7
10. The free Negro population in the northern states, and the total
Negro population in British North America —fugitive and free—showed
an excess of females. Most fugitives were males. One might conclude that
the majority in either population therefore consisted of nonfugitives.
11. Many southerners, who had some reason to wish to exaggerate thenlosses, did not think the Canadas harbored large numbers of fugitive slaves.
The New Orleans Commercial Bulletin suggested in 1859 that fifteen
hundred slaves had escaped each year for fifty years. This figure applied
to the entire South and was said to represent an outer limit of the possible;
even so, this would have accounted for but seventy-five thousand fugitives,
the upper figure sometimes given for Canada West alone. When the
Baltimore Sun said, in 1856, that all living fugitives were worth thirty
million dollars, it also suggested that the average value was nearly $9,000,
a patent untruth.8
12. The abolitionists, who might also have wished to exaggerate thensuccesses, were less sanguine. In 1861 the American Anti-Slavery Society
estimated that the total number of slaves who had escaped was well below
seventy-five thousand. Most were thought to be in the North.9
13. The fugitives who did reach the British provinces were by no means
entirely happy. A number returned to the northern states, through which
they had passed while seeking out the North Star, further reducing the
total in the Canadas. At the beginning of the Civil War, more returned.
14. After the Fugitive Slave Bill was passed, abolitionists on the border,
such as Henry Bibb, Isaac Rice, and Hiram Wilson, reported that fugitives
were arriving at the rate of thirty a day. This seems a substantial figure,
and indeed it was when so many descended upon the strained resources of
Rice or Wilson. Yet were this so, the post-1850 fugitive black population
of Canada West alone (setting aside those who returned to the North or
died in the province) would have been 110,000 in 1860, a clear absurdity.
At the height of the fugitive influx, the total Negro population of Amherst
burg—the single most important entry point for refugees—was at most
eight hundred; and during the eighteen months of initial panic after pas
sage of the bill, even the Toronto Globe set the figure at no higher than
three thousand.10
15. On occasion free Negroes from the northern states moved into the
Canadas and pretended to be fugitives in order to attract the sympathy of
Canadian abolitionists or to benefit from the fugitive slave hostels. In
1854, for example, a free black barber from New Hampshire twice raised
money to reach Canada by claiming that his master was pursuing him.
Many of the begging preachers appear to have been free men.11
16. One of the most publicized of the Underground Railroad depots
was that run by the fugitive J. W. Loguen in Syracuse. His activities were
not secret, and once in a free state a fugitive could learn of Loguen and
his work. Yet in nearly nine years in Syracuse, Loguen—whose account
is exaggerated on other matters—saw but fifteen hundred fugitive slaves,
not all of whom moved on to the Canadas.12
17. Studies of Negro songs and folk tales in Canada show relatively
few references to fugitives. More important, recent investigations of
southern slave songs show that Canaan, the Promised Land, and the New
Jerusalem were equated most often with Africa and seldom with Canada.
In the South, those slaves who contemplated other lands did not appear
to have had the British provinces uppermost in their minds.13
would tell how "a female, Patsey Williams, of Kentucky, on her way to Canada,
passed through Rochester Thursday" {Stratford [C. W.] Beacon, May 31, 1861).
7. And the "six covered wagons filled with Negroes" hailed by the Owen Sound
Comet on May 18, 1852, were the same covered wagons earlier praised by the
Detroit press.
8. Gara, Liberty Line, p. 153, quoting Baltimore Sun of March 13. The St.
Catharines Journal esU'mated in 1857 that “1,500 to 2,000 slaves" were brought to
Canada annually, predicted an end to slavery in the South, and that there would be
no blacks in Canada by 1900. See The St Catharines and Lincoln Historical Society,
St. Catharines A to Z by Junius 1856 ([St Catharines, 1967]), p. [70].
9. Ibid., pp. 38-40.
10. Anti-Slavery Reporter, n.s., 4 (1856), 135; Toronto Globe, June 10, 1852;
Montreal Gazette, Oct 4, 1860. See W. H. Withrow, “The Underground Railway,"
RSC, Proceedings and Transactions, sec. 2, 8 (1902), 73; Fred Landon, "Canada’s
Part in Freeing the Slave,” OHS, Papers and Records, 17 (1919), 74-84; and Landon,
"The Negro Migration to Canada after the Passing of the Fugitive Slave Act," JNH,
5 (1920), 22-36.
11. Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 249.
12. Loguen, The Rev. J>W. Loguen, as a Slave and as a Freeman: A Narrative
of Real Life (Syracuse, N.Y., 1859), p. 444.
13. Helen Creighton, “Folklore of Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia," National
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The Blacks in Canada
18. This is not surprising, for the slaves were kept in ignorance of
British North America, and most of them were probably not, at the
moment of their escape, thinking of taking refuge under the lion’s paw.
Slaveholders emphasized the harshness of the northern climate, denied
their slaves maps or the education that would enable them to read them,
and suggested that all Canadians spoke French, worshipped idols, and
executed black men upon arrival. Lewis Clarke, in memoirs published in
1845, said that he had been told that Canadians would skin his head,
eat his children, poke out their eyes, and wear their hair as coat collars.
Even so astute a Negro as Frederick Douglass thought that Canada was
where “the wild goose and the swan repaired at the end of winter” and
not “the home of man.” 14
19. These estimates, confusions, and exaggerations were added to by
the publications of contemporary observers. In 1860, Reverend William M.
Mitchell published in London an influential book on The Under-Ground
Railroad. A free Negro who had been a slave driver, Mitchell lived in
Toronto after 1855 as an agent for the American Baptist Free Mission
Society. He claimed that the railroad had been operating for a quarter
of a century and that “nearly two thousand” fugitives reached “Canada”
each year. This would have meant a total fugitive population of fifty
thousand; and allowing for deaths his estimate was forty-five thousand.
This figure, then, is well below many of the estimates, and yet it is given
by a man who had every reason to enlarge it, since he used his book as
a medium by which he solicited funds for his church and school in Canada
West; many of the communitarian settlers condemned him as “a pious
fraud.” 10 Later it was suggested that in 1860 alone five hundred Negroes
“from Canada” went into the slave states to rescue others, a figure that
surely confuses border crossings into the North for business, social, and
religious purposes with antislavery journeys. Even so industrious and
courageous a person as Harriet Tubman made not more than nineteen
(and probably fifteen) such trips over eight years.10
Museum of Canada, Bulletin No. 117 (Ottawa, 1950), pp. 86, 127; Creighton, “Songs
from Nova Scotia,” Journal of the International Folk Music Council, 12 (I960),
84-85; W. J. Wintemberg, “Some Items of Ncgro-Canadian Folk-Lore,” The Journal
of American Folk-Lore, 38 (1925), 621; Arthur Huff Fausct, “Folklore from the
Half-Breeds in Nova Scotia," ibid., pp. 300-15; Fausct, cd., Folklore from Nova
Scotia (New York, 1931), pp. vii-xiv.
14. Narrative of the Sufferings of Lewis Clarke, during a Captivity of More than
Twenty-Five Years, Among the Algerines of Kentucky . . . (Boston, 1845), pp. 3940; Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (Hartford, Conn., 1884) pp.
198-99.
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15. Mitchell, The Under-Ground Railroad, pp. 3-5, 71, 113.
16. Herbert Aptheker gives this figure in The Negro in the Abolitionist Move
ment (New York, 1941), p. 16, perhaps drawing it from Benjamin Brawlcy, A Short
History of the American Negro, 2nd rev. ed. (New York, 1927), p. 78.
A Continental Abolitionism?
Another of the chief accounts of the Underground Railroad was by
William Still, a free Negro who from 1847 was on the staff of the
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery. Philadelphia
was a prime entrepot for fugitive slaves, and many visited Still at his home;
during fourteen years of active work on behalf of escaping slaves, includ
ing a visit to Canada West in 1855, he kept detailed records from which,
in 1872, he published his Record of Facts. Subsequent students of the
Railroad drew heavily upon this massive volume of 780 finely printed
pages, twice revised and extended, of narratives and letters.17 Yet a close
reading of Still’s work, together with an examination of his manuscripts,
does not support the notion that great streams of fugitives reached British
North America through the medium of “the Road.’’ Still gives evidence on
892 fugitives in his volume—although there appear to be more, some are
repetitions—and he provides names for most. Of these, he gives evidence
clearly showing that 112 reached the Canadas, and he asserts on nine
other occasions, without evidence, that fugitives did so; the rest are left
departing from Philadelphia with “their faces set Canada-wards.” From
the names provided by Still, one may identify five more who reached
Canada West, unknown to him. No doubt there were others, for many
fugitives changed their names—if not always radically, as when John
Atkinson became John Atkins—and a number, not alone on Still’s evi
dence, could have passed for white after arriving in the provinces. None
theless, the figures that one may project as safely having reached British
North America via Philadelphia are not, despite Still’s frequent usage of
Canada as a presumptive goal, very large.18
20. Subsequent scholarship added to the figures. Many volumes re
peated the estimates. Some, such as Homer Uri Johnson’s From Dixie
to Canada: Romances and Realities of the Underground Railroad, pub
lished in 1894,10 are presented as factual, when they were in truth a
pastiche of tales. Other works, such as the highly influential treatment by
Wilbur H. Siebert, The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom—
the first genuinely scholarly study of the fugitive slaves’ escape routes,
published in 1898—further fed the legend. Siebert (whose position at his
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Letters, &c . . . (Philadelphia); Siebert, Underground Railroad, p. 234, n. 1; Drew,
North-Side View of Slavery, p. 43. I have examined the Letter Book of William
Still, and the Journal of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society Underground Rail
road in the PSHS, and they add little to Still’s published account
18. A number of Still’s letters have been reprinted in Carter G. Woodson, ed.,
“Letters Largely Personal and Private," JNH, 11 (1926), 104-75. See also Larry
Gara, "William Still and the Underground Railroad,” Pennsylvania History, 28
(1961), 33-44; and C. Lightfoot Roman, The Underground Railroad (Valleyfield,
P.Q., [1933]), passim.
19. (Orwell, Ohio), vol. 1 (no further volumes published); 2nd cd., 1896.
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A Continental Abolitionism?
university was in European rather than American history) worked from
published materials, a lengthy questionnaire he sent to aging antislavery
advocates, and from conversations with former fugitives. He did not verify
the published accounts—many of them repetitive, taken from each other—
against manuscript sources, and he accepted the answers to his question
naire at face value. His descriptions and references—to “taking an agency”
for the Railroad, or “employees of the U.G.R.R.”—tended to suggest a
greater degree of organization than existed.20 Even so careful a scholar as
western Ontario’s Fred Landon, the foremost student of the Negro settle
ments in Canada West, was content to accept from Siebert and elsewhere
the estimates of sixty thousand fugitives, did not distinguish carefully
between fugitive and free Negroes, and reported that after 1850 “the early
trickle which had become a stream turned for a time into a torrent.”
Siebert’s work, Landon concluded, was “authoritative.” 21
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today are descendants of fugitive slaves, the slave condition, poverty, and
America—inheritors of the disgrace of both caste and mark. In 1956 when
a journalist, J. C. Furnas, asked acquaintances to guess at the total number
of fugitive slaves, the average reply set the figure at 270,000; some
answered a million.22 Is it little wonder, then, that one heritage of the
fugitive slave period, for Canadians, is an easy assumption of Negro
uniformity? The legend of the Underground Railroad and its aftermath
has united all Canadian Negroes into a single group in the eyes of white
Canadians, reinforcing those prejudices which grow from the notion that
an ethnic group must be viewed as a single social unit. To Canadians,
Negroes were a monolith, both because of their color and because of their
presumed origins as fugitive slaves—origins probably shared by no more
than half the Negro population of Canada today.
British North Americans who read the literature of the Underground
Railroad, the fugitive slaves, and the abolitionists in general also were
reinforced in their consciousness of moral purity. Some few accounts—by
Drew, Henson, Ward, Israel Campbell, and Austin Steward in particular 23
—remarked upon the incidence of prejudice in the Canadas and compared
Canada West to the northern states; but the great mass of fugitive nar
ratives were unstinting in their praise of the Canadian haven and found
no occasion to mention the quasi-segregated pattern of life developing
there, the numerous demeaning incidents that the fugitives encountered,
or the morass of conflicting claims made upon the confused fugitive by
missionary groups, communal settlements, and school societies. In the
thirty most widely known fugitive slave accounts published between 1836
and 1859, British North America is mentioned in all but four; of these
twenty-six accounts, few can be said to provide anything like a realistic
picture of conditions in Canada West.24
The structure of these fugitive slave narratives tended to be similar.
Often the fugitive was said to have “much white blood” flowing in his
veins, was forced to watch drunken masters down great quantities of
whiskey (for the books also preached temperance), and had to listen to
s, and b----- h”) from which religion was a
foul language (“d—n, b
solace taken despite the master’s disapproval. During the flight one was
usually helped by Quakers, met a band of Indians, and kissed the earth
of Canada. Much was written off as “substantially, if not literally, true,” as
Loguen remarked. For the white reader, interest focused upon the exciting
That Siebert’s Underground Railroad existed is quite true. Many brave
and selfless men labored for it in behalf of the fugitive slaves. Thousands
of fugitives did find refuge in Canada West And one should not denigrate
the estimates contemporary to 1860 without putting something in their
place. This is difficult, for the censuses were inaccurate, the fugitives often
stayed in the Canadas only a few weeks, and no figures are available with
consistency from school, tax, or voting records, since some but not all
provide an indication of color. On the basis of my own research, the best
I can offer—in addition to the statement in the Appendix—is that by
1860 the black population of Canada West alone may have reached forty
thousand, three-quarters of whom had been or were fugitive slaves or their
children, and therefore beneficiaries of the Underground Railroad.
But the legend outgrew the reality in Canada, as legends invariably do
without the correctives of time, logic, or scholarship. And the legend fed
the twentieth-century assumption that nearly all black men in Canada
20. Siebert wrote many articles on the underground railroad, as well as his mas
sive book, cited previously, The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom (see
pp. 29, 70-72, 76, 151). He confuses the date of his interviews, however (compare
p. 194 n. 1, and p. 249 n. 4). The uncritical acceptance of his book is shown in the
Siebert Papers in the Houghton Library, vol. 45 of which contains letters and reviews
(including Canadian ones) on its publication. See, for example, the Montreal Star,
Jan. 28,1899.
21. Landon, “Canada and the Underground Railroad," Kingston Historical Society,
Reports and Proceedings (1923), p. 17, and “The Underground Railway along the
Detroit River," Michigan History, 39 (1955), 63-68. The chief volumes that build
upon Siebert are: Hildegarde Hoyt Swift, The Railroad to Freedom (New York,
1932); Henrietta Buckmaster [Henkle], Let My People Go: The Story of the Under
ground Railroad (New York, 1941); and William Breyfogle, Make Free: The Story
of the Underground Railroad (Philadelphia, 1958).
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22. Furnas, Goodbye to Uncle Tom (New York, [1956]), p. 239.
23. Henson, Ward, Steward, and Drew have been cited previously. Campbell’s
account, an unusually able one, was Bond and Free: or, Yearnings for Freedom . . .
(Philadelphia, 1861); see especially pp. 199, 203-39, 251-64, 291-97.
24. See those titles discussed in Nelson, “Negro in Literature," pp. 60-67.
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242
The Blacks in Canada
moment of escape from the master and the long journey northward to
freedom; a secondary interest lay in accounts of life on the plantation,
culminating in a series of brutalities which precipitated the decision to
flee. Little space was given to the post-escape life of the fugitive, in part
because the narratives often were written soon after the fugitive had
arrived in the North or in Canada, and in larger part because the later
aspects of the story held less intrinsic interest. Even Benjamin Drew, in his
A North-Side View of Slavery—published in Boston in 1856 by John P.
Jewett, the enterprising publisher of Uncle Tom’s Cabin—gave most of
his space to accounts of how the fugitives escaped, despite his announced
intention to provide a record of “the history and condition of the colored
population of Upper Canada.”
Representative accounts were those by J. W. Loguen, Moses Roper, and
Laura Haviland, and those on Harriet Tubman. Loguen was born in
Tennessee, the natural son of a white man and a slave mother. His flight to
freedom, in 1834-35, was a daring undertaking; during his five years in
Canada West he learned to read, took a two-hundred-acre farm (which he
lost because of a partner’s bad judgment), and spoke of acquiring British
citizenship. He turned to teaching school in Utica, New York; became an
elder in the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (and in 1868, a
bishop); and was for some years a teacher and minister in Syracuse,
where he was one of the prime movers in the “Jerry rescue,” leading to his
taking temporary refuge with Hiram Wilson in Canada. He died in 1872.
Loguen’s autobiography, which is contradictory and unclear on dates and
sequences, became an important primary source for historians. Although
Loguen stated that there was no Underground Railroad at the time of his
flight, the Dictionary of American Biography later would note how his
escape revealed that “preliminary surveys” had been made for the under
ground system and that “a few lines already ran . . . as unerringly as
railroads run through the large towns and cities.” 25 On the other hand
Roper, whose narrative sold widely in England, went on to London. Later
he became famous in British North America through a lecture tour.20
It was in Sarah Bradford’s biography of Harriet Tubman in 1869 that
several of the songs allegedly sung as the fugitives crossed the Suspension
25. See Loguen, as a Slave and as a Freeman, which despite its date (1859) con
tains letters for 1860; Wfilliam] H. A[Uison], “Jermain W. Loguen," DAB 11 (1943),
368-69; James Egert Allen, The Negro in New York (New York, 1964)*, pp. 74-75J
and Rhodes House, Oxford, Anti-Slavery Papers: Wilson to Scoble, Feb. 24, 1852!
The Syracuse Public Library’s copy of Loguen’s book contains a note indicating
that he was sixty-three when he died, which suggests that he was bom in 1810 (the
DAB says 1813); the New York Tribune for Oct. 1, 1872, contains an obituary.
26. Roper’s account was A Narrative of the Adventures and Escapes of Moses
Roper, from American Slavary, 3rd ed. (London, 1839).
/I Continental Abolitionism?
243
Bridge at the Niagara frontier were first recorded. The most famous words
betrayed abolitionist and non-Negro origins, however, even as printed
in the Bradford account:
I’m now embarked for yonder shore,
Where a man’s a man by law.
De iron horse will bear me o’er,
To ‘shake de lion’s paw’;
Oh, righteous Father, wilt thou not pity me,
And help me on to Canada, where all de slaves are free.
Oh I heard Queen Victoria say,
That if we would forsake,
Our native land of slavery,
And come across de lake,
Dat she was standing on de shore,
Wid arms extended wide,
To give us all a peaceful home,
Beyond de rolling tide.
To this Bradford added, “No doubt the simple creatures . . . expected
to cross a wide lake instead of a rapid river, and to see Queen Victoria
with her crown upon her head, waiting with arras extended wide, to fold
them all in her embrace.” 27
Laura Haviland, a white Canadian-born Quaker “Superintendent of
the Underground,” also was the subject of much postemancipation writing
in Canada. Her narrative, A Woman’s Life Work, although rambling, un
clear, and filled with fictitious dialogue, unquestionably shows that she
aided several fugitives to escape, knew Hiram Wilson and Isaac Rice, and
was to the Detroit frontier what Harriet Tubman was to the Niagara. In
addition to her active part in the Anderson extradition case, Laura Havi
land taught school and, hoping to avoid denominational strife, opened a
Christian Union Church in the Puce River area in 1852-53 with the
support of Henry Bibb and two Detroit philanthropists. She suffered all
the publicized rigors of the Canadian climate, frequently awakening “with
snow sifting on her face, and not infrequently [finding] the snow half an
inch or more deep on her bed upon rising in the morning.” 28 The point at
27. Sarah Bradford, Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People, 2nd ed. (New
York, 1886); Smith College, Sophia Smith Collection: Martha Coffin Wright to
Lucretia Coffin Mott, n.d. [18601; Earl Conrad, Harriet Tubman (Washington, 1943),
passim. Conrad suggests there were fifteen trips, Bradford mentions nineteen. The
author visited the Harriet Tubman Memorial Home, near Auburn, New York, but
found no useful memorabilia.
28. See Mildred E. Danforth, A Quaker Pioneer: Laura Haviland, Superintendent
of the Underground (New York, 1961), passim (the quotation is from p. 122);
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The Blacks in Canada
A Continental Abolitionism?
others who left moving mcmoirs-S ClariTe, »m»Brown!
Wilham Harrison—were honest, for on the whole they were, but that their
Sfern aV^ r;r0t *\ayS USed honeStIy by those wh0 generalized from
them, adapted them to their own purposes, reprinted out-of-context extracts
British North!America u^n^the^asis^of them
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y few were from ciUes. A number were free men Of 114
refugees upon whom Drew commented, twelve were born free and kidnappcd into slavery or fled from fear of being kidnapped. Five were
passing as white. Ages ranged widely, with many being middle-aged (or
as Isaac Rice defined the term, over thirly-iree) and many much
fwithfall !e?!i aU Werf destitute» cominS as one said “like terrapins,
L,
Ve ^adi 0n 0Ur backs-” A number arrived heavily armed.20 Their
attemnLTf01!!^17/38 gtnU'mQ’ and on several occasions Negroes
southerners wh0 were f00lish
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routes than the earher refugees, and outside the Utopian colonies they
New York ,h *
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SttrataL'ym-ss-ifsa:
245
usually for Kingston, Cobourg, or Toronto. They made their way over the
lakes on steamers, in smaller craft, and in one instance by floating across
on a wooden gate—to land at Point Pelee, the ports of Burwell, Rowan,
Talbot, and Stanley, at Long Point and Fort Erie, and elsewhere. The
steamer Arrow, moving between Sandusky and Detroit under its noted
Captain J. W. Keith, transported a large number of fugitives; and small
vessels under Robert Wilson put in with “grain” which had been sent out
from an Ashtabula warehouse for human cargo. Toronto, Brantford, Oak
ville, Collingwood, London, and the village of Shrewsbury, saw sharp
rises in their black populations as a result of such traffic. Others went
among the French near Windsor but, finding them “distant,” moved away
from the Detroit frontier, several establishing a short-lived all-Negro
town, New Kentucky, in 1860. In 1851 the Voice of the Fugitive said that
twenty-five hundred Negroes were at work on the railroad, and Ingersoll
attracted a number once the line was open to Windsor because wood for
the railway engines was cut and stored there. Some few went to the oil
field near Petrolia, at Oil Springs.31
Just how sharp the rise was in specific communities cannot be said. In
1852 Isaac Rice thought there were between one and two thousand Ne
groes in Hamilton, while there were “not far from one hundred” in
Brantford and between two and three hundred in London. He set the
black population of Chatham at fifteen hundred, and on the Detroit fron
tier at four thousand. Two years later Drew found a thousand Negroes in
Toronto, mostly in the northwest section of the city, which then had a
population of forty-seven thousand. He thought there were forty Negroes
in Galt, two hundred in Windsor, five hundred in Amherstburg (of a total
population of two thousand), nearly the same in Colchester (of fifteen
hundred population), and two thousand in or near Chatham of a total
population of six thousand. Dr. Howe found seven hundred Negroes in
St. Catharines, although the census had reported 472, and in Hamilton he
found five hundred where the census had enumerated only 62—unlikely,
given the large numbers reported for nearly a decade earlier. The census
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£ I0* 18591 The Ho™rab>e Elijah Leonard: A
0a}-> n-d->, PP- 47—48; Toronto Globe, Oct. 8, 1858 Sept. 9 1859Orlo Miller, Gargoyles & Gentlemen: A History of St. Paul's Cathedral London
Makers M^Canada^The
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31. Montreal Gazette, Aug. 10, 1853; Drew, p. 300; London (Ont) Free Press,
June 21, 1926, June 30, 1956; Oakville (Ont.) Weekly Sun, Sept 7, 1960; Siebcrt,
Underground Railroad, pp. 83, 148-49; O. K. Watson, “Along the Talbot Road,”
Kentiana (n.p., 1939), p. 67; O. K. Watson, “Early History of Shrewsbury," Kent
Historical Society, Papers and Addresses, 6 (1924), 83-84; Lauriston, “Negro Col
onies,” p. 96; John Nettleton, “Reminiscences, 1857-1870," Huron Institute, Papers
and Records, 2 (1914), 13-15; Fred London, “Over Lake Erie to Freedom," North
west Ohio Historical Quarterly, 17 (1945), 132-38; Landon, “Fugitive Slaves in Lon
don Ontario before 1860," London and Middlesex Historical Society, Transactions, 10
(1919), 37; Landon, “The Fugitive Slave Law and the Detroit River Frontier, 185061," Detroit Historical Society Bulletin, 7 (1950), 5-9.
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The Blacks in Canada
reported 510 Negroes in Toronto, while Dr. Howe found 934. The proper
numbers were not known and cannot now be recovered, but it is clear
that while the Negroes were not so numerous as subsequent myth-making
and contemporary abolitionist propaganda would lead one to believe,
they nonetheless were substantial, and on occasion—in Chatham, for
example—comprised as much as a third of the population.32
Conditions for the fugitives were, as before 1800, mixed. Some adjusted
readily and soon enjoyed relative prosperity. John W. Lindsey, who could
pass for white, was worth $10,000 or more, as were Aaron Siddles and
Henry Blue of Chatham. John Little and his wife—who moved into
Queen’s Bush—came to have over one hundred acres under good cultiva
tion, could lend a friend $2,000, and owned a horse and carriage. In
London, A. B. Jones, who had arrived penniless, soon owned several
properties, one worth $4,000; and his brother, Alfred T., ran a prosperous
pharmacy. Some fugitives became brakemen on the Great Western Rail
road, which paid well, while others helped clear new lands around Col
chester. Apprentices earned $2.50 a week, and waiters, especially around
Niagara and in Toronto, received wages of $12.00 a month.
Still, lodgings might cost $15.00 a month and earnings were seldom
sufficient to replace clothing left behind, to pay for the journey to Canada
of wives and children who had remained in the South, or to pay doctor’s
bills. Most fugitives, badly dressed for the Canadian winters, arriving
“like frogs in Egypt,” were consumptive: one Toronto woman lost ten
children from tuberculosis.33 Thomas F. Page, a young man from the
upper South, reported “I do not like Canada, or the Provinces. I have been
to St. John, N.B., Lower Province, or Lower Canada, also St Catharines,
C.W., and all around the Canada side, and I do not like it at all. The
people seem to be so queer.” The more frequent sentiment probably lay
closer to that expressed by John H. Hill, a skilled carpenter and an officer
in a company of Negro rifle guards, who wrote to William Still, “I wants
you to let the whole United States know we are satisfied here because I
have seen more Pleasure since I came here than I saw in the U.S. the 24
years that I served my master.” “It is true,” he added the following year,
“that I have to work very hard for comfort but I would not exchange
32. Amherstburg Quarterly Mission Journal, 1, Sept 25, 28, Oct 12, 1852; Drew,
pp. 94-95, 118-19, 136, 147-48, 234-35, 321, 348-49; Siebcrt, pp. 220-21; Howe,
Refugees from Slavery, pp. 15-16. In 1843 Hiram Wilson had put the Negro popula
tion of Canada West at sixteen thousand (BPL, Samuel J. May, Jr. Papers, 1:
circular, Sept 30).
33. London Free Press, June 12, 1954; M. Murray, “Stories of the Underground
Railroad," The Methodist Magazine and Review, 48 (1898), 221-22; Mitchell, UnderGround Railroad, pp. 158-67; Siebert, pp. 205, 223; Drew, pp. 149-53, 198-233,
250, 270-73; Still, Underground Rail Road, pp. 2, 51, 77, 152, 319, 324, 490, 598.
A Continental Abolitionism?
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with ten thousand slave that are equel [jtc] with their masters. I am
Happy, Happy.” “Those that will work,” remarked another, “do well—
those that will not—not; it is the same here as everywhere. It is the best
poor man’s country that I know of.”34
Until the economic panic of 1857, this judgment was a fair one. Jerry
of the famous rescue became a barrel-maker in Kingston, and the equally
famous Shadrach opened a restaurant in Montreal. In Toronto one Lemon
John prospered by peddling his special ice creams about the streets, and in
Saint John the city’s ice trade was the monopoly of a Negro, Robert
Whetsel. Joseph Mink became wealthy by managing a line of stages
running from Toronto. In Colchester, Nathan S. Powell survived by
manufacturing and selling Powell’s Indian Tonic. In Bronte a refugee
opened the first blacksmith shop; in Otterville a fugitive ran the only
saloon. Still others made rope, worked as fishermen, in the brickyards
and slaughterhouses, in livery stables, and as carpenters. Many women
were servants, as they had been in the South, or opened dress-making or
wig shops. In Hamilton, Negroes were in charge of the dead cart during
the 1850s—a fact that cuts two ways—and New Brunswick had a black
hangman who was regarded as standing apart from humanity, as had
been the executioner of Quebec, Mathew Leveille of Martinique, in the
previous century. Many Negroes, it was said, were “well dressed, quite
clean and interesting,” and owned houses that were “patterns of neat
ness.” 35
Indeed, the desire of most fugitives, once they had looked about and
had overcome the initial period of adjustment, was to acquire a house and
land. Most of the whites shared this goal, representative as it was of the
middle-class values to which the fugitives often attached themselves. One,
John Long, had owned land in the area that became Toronto in the 1830s,
34. Still, p. 333, Oct. 6, on Page; pp. 194, 197, Hill to Still, n.d. Pate 1853], and
Sept. 14, 1854; Robert Jones to Still, Aug. 9, 1856, p. 272; and pp. 250-54; Drew,
P. 172.
35. Fort Malden “Fugitive Slave File"; New York Tribune, Oct. 24, 1857; London
Free Press, July 5, 1924, April 30, 1932; Toronto Star, Aug. 11, 1943; NBM, "Whetscl Family" file; The Life of Rev. James Thompson, The World’s Wonder (Rich
mond, Va., 1885), pp. 13-23; Eber M. Pettit, Sketches in the History of the Under
ground Railroad . . . (Fredonia, N.Y., 1879), p. 53; Nina Moore Tiffany, “Stories
of the Fugitive Slaves, II: Shadrach," The New England Magazine, n.s., 2 (1890),
283; Blodwen Davies, Storied York: Toronto Old and New (Toronto, 1931), p. 68;
Marjorie Freeman Campbell, A Mountain and a City: The Story of Hamilton
(Toronto, 1966), p. 113; Lloyd A. Macham, A History of Moncton Town and City,
1855-1965 (Moncton, N.B., 1965), p. 67; A. Carle Smith, The Mosaic Province of
New Brunswick (Saint John, 1965), p. 93; Andrd Lachance, Le Bourreau au Canada
sous le regime frangais (Quebec, 1966), pp. 79-81; Colonial Church and School
Society Report for 1856-7 (PAC microfilm): A-325, p. 55, Nov. 1, 1856.
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A Continental Abolitionism?
The Blacks in Canada
and a number had acquired property in the Niagara district before 1850
and without benefit of communitarian practices. By 1853, one investigator
estimated, 276 Negroes in London owned real estate valued at $13,504—
an average higher than for whites in the city.
In 1862 Dr. Howe found that one in eleven of Malden’s Negroes paid
taxes on property, while one in thirteen in Chatham were so taxed. (In
both cases, one in every three or four whites owned ratable property.)
But in Windsor one in five blacks, and only one in seven whites, were ratepayers. In this case, however, the average assessment on white-owned
property was $18.76, while on black it was $4.18; in Chatham the figures
had been $10.63 and $4.98 respectively.36 And prejudice operated to keep
even those Negroes who could afford better properties from moving else
where.
Few fugitives attempted to deny that they encountered substantial
prejudice. In the 1850s city directories began to designate those residences
and businesses owned by Negroes. Blacks were expelled from camp meet
ings, and those churchmen who—like Cronyra in London—wished to
help educate the fugitive, now argued that separate schools were needed
because of white opposition. Dresden was called “Nigger Hole” by those
who had opposed the Dawn settlement; racial jokes increased in the press;
Negroes who, a decade or two earlier, had been able to employ whites
to work for them no longer could do so. Throughout British North America
blacks were thought, by some, to be responsible for “all the outrageous
crimes, and two thirds of the minor ones”; chicken coops and laundry lines
were said to require special protection where black men were about; and
their women were blamed for an alleged rise in prostitution. Hotels in
Hamilton, Windsor, Chatham, and London refused blacks admission, and
they could not purchase cabin-class tickets on the Chatham steamer. The
Montreal Gazette, turning back to the Nova Scotian experience, suggested
that the fugitives should be sent to Sierra Leone. Beginning in 1855,
auctioneers at the sale of building lots in the Windsor area refused to take
bids from any Negroes, the city’s Herald remarking that an owner had the
right to “preserve his property from deterioration.” Negroes should wish to
stay with their own people, and if they did not they were welcome to
leave. To oppose intermarriage and social mixing was not to be pro
slavery. So long as blacks remained in Canada West, the Herald warned,
they would “ever have to contend with their superiors,” and thus one
36. Edwin C. Giullet, Toronto from Trading Post to Great City (Toronto, 1934),
p. 310; [Archibald Bremner], City of London Ontario. Canada: The Pioneer Period
and the London of To-day (London, 1897), pp. 60-61; Howe, pp. 61-62; Siebert,
p. 232.
249
helped them by refusing to sell them land. Canada West had become,
according to Samuel Ringgold Ward, writing in what John Scoble called
his “belligerent spirit,” “beneath and behind Yankee feeling” in its colorphobia.37
The widely held Canadian view that there was a disproportionate
number of Negroes in prison, jails, or the insane asylum was current well
before 1850—and it cannot be supported. In 1851 the provincial institu
tion for the insane in Canada West had only one Negro among 220
patients. The Reports of Penitentiary Inspectors tended to emphasize the
“high percentage” of Negroes behind bars, while noting that fugitives
educated only to slavery naturally were more prone to petty crime. Nor are
the percentages particularly high: in fact, of the 3,223 persons who
enjoyed Toronto’s jail in 1859, 117 were black. Of 1,057 women committed in 1856, only eight were black; and of the Kingston penitentiary’s
125 prisoners, eight also were Negroes. But each Negro offense received
major publicity: when blacks burned down the barns of three of their
opponents; when a Negro stabbed a colleague in a raffle, another murdered an Indian, and two beat a white to death—all in 1852; when one
Negro killed another over noise in a Negro church in 1853; and when
two black men murdered a mail carrier in 1859 and were hanged. Through
out these years the begging preachers and agents continued to be much
in the news over their suits, assaults, and petty thefts.38 Public opinion
considered that fugitives were too often not punished for minor crimes out
of sympathy for their condition: “it was found,” according to the Montreal
Gazette as early as 1842, “to be a sufficient reason to be an Indian or
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37. Windsor Herald, Oct. 20, Nov. 3, 1855; Montreal Gazette, April 18, Sept. 16,
1851; Sarnia Observer, Nov. 25, 1859; Hamilton Canadian Illustrated News, 1
(1862), 8, 44, (1863), 131; Chambers, Things as They are in America, pp. 2728; Dclany, Niger Valley Exploring Party, p. 71; Ward, Autobiography, pp. 14446, 202; Lauriston, Romantic Kent, p. 383; Edith C. Firth, ed., The Town of York,
1815-1834: A Further Collection of Documents of Early Toronto (Toronto, 1966),
pp. 333-34.
38. See, for example, Windsor Herald, Jan. 4, 1856; London (C.W.) Times,
May 4, 1849; Toronto News of the Week, Aug, 28, Nov. 6, Dec. 24, 1852, March 12,
1853; The Friend of Man, Aug. 30, 1837; Brantford Expositor, July 31, Aug. 6,
1852; the Inspector’s Reports in the Appendixes to the Journal of the House of
Assembly of Upper Canada, 1837-38, and the Journals of the Legislative Assembly
of the Province of Canada, 1841-43, 1860; Linton, Liquor Law, p. 24; and James
Silk Buckingham, Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Other British
Provinces in North America, with a Plan of National Colonization (London, n.d.),
P- 67. Of 5,346 people committed to Toronto jail in 1857, only 78 were Negroes
(W. G. Brownlow and Abram Pryne, Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated?
. . [Philadelphia, 1858], pp. 237-38).
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250
The Blacks in Canada
A Continental Abolitionism?
251
Negro to escape the gallows, no matter what crime they may have com
mitted.” 38 In short, the record was broken even before it was played.
This rising tide of prejudice, remarked upon by nearly all of the white
members of Canadian antislavery organizations and many of the refugees
themselves, was ascribed by most to four groups of people. All singled
out the American-born settlers—or those who had acquired “Yankee
ways”—who moved into the Niagara peninsula and, in greater numbers,
into the extreme southwest corner of the province. Most had occasion to
include Irish settlers as a source of anti-Negro sentiment. Others suggested
that former planters from the West Indies and their children—having lost
their patrimony and now displaced from what they considered to have been
a leading position in Imperial society—were enemies of the black man.
Finally, nearly everyone had an amorphous body of villains to blame,
those “lower orders” of whatever ethnic or national origin (including but
not limited to the Irish settlers) with whom the Negroes competed for
work and with whose women black men allegedly were able to make
their way. To prove any of these contentions would be impossible; of
the fugitive at the time no proof was asked. They were, many perceived,
what James G. Birney—twice the Liberty Party’s presidential candidate—
had predicted they would be: “an inferior class" in the “bleak and hyper
borean regions. » 40
Why this should have been so may not be answered clearly. Certainly
imported prejudices played a role. Certainly the pressures created by a
growing awareness of mass Negro arrivals, to compete for labor and
allegedly to add to the crime rate, contributed. The persistence of selfconscious Negro associations, of separate communities, of improvement
societies such as the Sons of Uriah or the Negro Order of Odd Fellows,
and of all-Negro churches, were both a symptom of prejudice and a con
tributor to it Unquestionably the flow of fugitives changed in character
after 1850 as a result of the Fugitive Slave Act, that desperate compromise
by which nationalist American statesmen attempted yet again to hold the
union together. The new fugitives were not only more numerous but
poorer, more ready to take fright, armed and suspicious. Among British
North Americans there was a growing awareness of the many moral
ambiguities thrust upon them by the fugitives and their problems. This
awareness helped to induce that confusion which has always been present
when Canadians have had to deal with issues not of their own making but
arising mostly from the unfortunate circumstance of sharing a continent
with a giant neighbor where confusion and moral ambiguity were magni
fied, more passionate, and seemingly endemic.
In short, and as we have seen, British North Americans shared the
patterns of prejudice found in the North, although these patterns appeared
in colors muted by distance from the central scene of action. So, too, were
these patterns varied even within Canada West, and economic realities
again provided the conditions that led to those differences. Systematic
prejudice—in the schools, in the churches, in the sale of property—was
mild in the eastern part of the southwestern peninsula, in Hamilton, and
north into Toronto, while it was relatively stringent in the western part.
One explanation for this observable difference—noted at the time and
clear from the evidence now—is that Hamilton and Toronto were pros
perous, especially after 1854 and even after 1857 despite the slump, and
that the building trades were in need of much semiskilled labor, so that
Irish and Negro alike could find jobs; while at the frontier on the west,
opposite Detroit, the economy was not able to absorb the new arrivals,
Prejudice, always individual, was also a matter of the moment, the place,
and the market, however, for discrimination was widely practiced in St.
Catharines, despite this geographical generalization.
But if many of the cherished beliefs of Canadians—then and since
about the haven they provided fugitives from federal marshals are myths,
or at least exaggerated, a countervailing fact also remains indisputably
true: in British North America, the Negro remained equal in the eyes of
the law—after the abolition of slavery, and setting aside the growing
tendency toward segregated education, a most damaging exception to be
dealt with in a later chapter. Although challenged in 1851, Negro jurors
and jury foremen served in Toronto and elsewhere, and Negroes gave
evidence with full legal protection. They generally were taxed as the white
man was, were punished in no harsher a manner than any other criminals,
and cast their votes openly and with impunity. British consuls looked after
the black Canadian’s interests when he was abroad with the same care
that any British subject might expect, and even American consuls in the
British provinces treated Negro Canadians with the respect that was their
due.41 If social and economic realities did not conform to legislative and
39. [D. N. Haskell], The Boston Committee in Canada: A Series of Eight Letters
reprinted from the Boston Atlas (Boston, 1851), p. 19; Anti-Slavery Reporter, n.s.,
4 (1856), 134, 166, 229-30; The Provincial Freeman, July 4, 1857.
40. Quoted in William H. and Jane H. Pease, eds., The Antislavery Argument
(Indianapolis, Ind., 1965), p. 46.
41. Anti-Slavery Reporter, June 21, 1843, and n.s., 4 (1856), 230, Voice of the
Fugitive, July 2, 1851; Toronto Globe, Oct 8, 1859; Ottawa Citizen, May 3, 1867«
PRO, BTI/479: Francis Waring, consul, Norfolk, Va., to J. T. Briggs, Oct 25, and
ends., in re New Brunswick Negro Antonio Nicholas; NA, Foreign Semce Post
Records, C.D., Halifax: cases of destitute Negro seamen (e.g., no. 6, R. W. Fraser
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252
A Continental Abolitionism?
The Blacks in Canada
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to William L. Marcy, Nov. 8, 1853, and no. 7, Dec. 14, 1854); Murray, “AngloAmerican Anti-Slavery Movement," pp. 324-27.
42. A-325, Report for 1856-7, p. 60: Nov. 1.
43. A longer version of the material that follows appears in Robin W. Winks,
“‘A Sacred Animosity’: Abolitionism in Canada," in Martin Duberman, ed., The
Anti-Slavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists (Princeton, NJ., 1965), PP301-42.
*
253
events in and after 1850 in particular—the Larwill election campaign, a
public petition relating to segregated schools, and the passage of the Fugitive
Slave Bill—made such a society imperative in the minds of those who had
followed the color question in the United States with growing apprehension.
There was a ready-made group of Negro sympathizers in the white
Canadians who had contributed to the support of Wilberforce, Dawn, and
Elgin.44
Foremost among Canada’s abolitionists was George Brown, the powerful
editor of the province’s most important newspaper, the Toronto Globe.
Brown had shown an interest in the condition of the Negro in Canada
from the journal’s inception in 1844. He, his brother Gordon, his father
Peter, and his sister Isabella formed the nucleus of an antislavery society
in Toronto; and Isabella’s husband, Thomas Henning, was the first secre
tary of the Canadian Anti-Slavery Society as well as a member of the
Globe's editorial staff until 1854.45 Far more restrained than Garrison’s
Liberator and far more forthright than the lesser abolition sheets, the
Globe provided the antislavery group with a forum for the “sacred ani
mosity” its owners held toward slavery.40 In his paper Brown attacked
Henry Clay, the Fugitive Slave Law, Larwill, Prince, and separate schools
with equal force, for—as he wrote—Canadians had the “duty of preserv
ing the honour of the continent” against slavery.47
The Toronto-based group were able to ground their work on previously
established channels of communication. In 1827 Samuel Cornish and a
Quebec-educated Jamaican, John Browne Russwurm, editors of Freedom’s
Journal, which they published in New York for two years, had sent agents
into Canada to solicit support. Negroes in Windsor had established a short
lived antislavery society there, and Upper Canadians, led by John Roaf,
a Congregational minister, had attended a temperance convention in Sara
toga Springs, New York, in 1837, making contact with many American
abolitionists.48 As a result, Reverend Ephraim Evans, a Wesleyan Meth-
legal forms, those forms at least limited the ways in which prejudice
might make itself felt.
Still, the hierarchy of the unequal will have its way. In British North
America, as in the United States, the Kingdom of Individuals would be
long in coming. Even those who felt most committed in that cause, mem
bers of the Anti-Slavery Society of Canada and others who worked with
the abolitionists to cleanse North America of that which George Brown
accepted as a continental rather than merely American stain, were limited
in their effectiveness by that sense of paternalism which may so easily shade
into a racism no less hurtful for its presumptive benevolence; for such
paternalism reveals the quiet arrogance of those who feel that they have
all to give to an underprivileged group and nothing to learn from it
Can one condone wholly—or condemn entirely—the blind, well-meaning
certitude of that missionary-teacher who, reporting to the Colonial Church
and School Society in 1856 of her Negro charges, concluded that “The
worse they are, the more need there is for British Christians to instruct,
enlighten and reform them”? 42
The major thrust in the Canadian contribution to worldwide abolition
ism came not from the British mission boards, the self-segregated, selfhelp communities, the begging ministers, or the isolated Negroes of the
Maritime Provinces. These groups were interested in helping those blacks
who were citizens in British North America and in easing the adjustment of
the fugitives. Certainly individual members of some of the communities
helped to flay slavery through the press or hoped to weaken it by journeys
south of the border to guide fugitives toward freedom. Certainly, too,
many reasoned that any aid given to fugitives in British North America
made the provinces additionally attractive, and that by creating a magnet
for runaway slaves, they were helping to sap the strength of the institution.
But as collective bodies they did not attack slavery directly. Abolitionism
in British North America was expressed through attempts to subdue
prejudice within the provinces and efforts to lend vocal and moral support,
and limited financial aid, to the more exposed but also far more effective
abolitionist groups in the United States.43
The first major Canadian antislavery society was created to combat the
growing evidence of organized, group prejudice in Canada West. Three
ilk_____
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44. On the Negro issue in politics, see Winks, “Abolitionism in Canada," pp. 31718, n. 28.
45. J. M. S. Careless, Brown of the Globe, 1: The Voice of Upper Canada, 18181859 (Toronto, 1959), pp. 102-03; Syracuse Univ., Gerrit Smith Miller Papers:
Henning to Smith, Feb. 2, 13, 1861, Oct. 12, 1863; Columbia Univ., Gay Papers:
Henning to Gay, May 27, 1852, Feb. 18, 1854, April 11, 1855.
46. A phrase drawn from the Toronto Globe's notice, on June 8, 1860, of
Charles Sumner’s speech before the Senate, “The Barbarism of Slavery." See The
Works of Charles Sumner (Boston, 1874), J, 124.
47. See, for example, editorials of Feb. 7, March 19, May 28, Aug. 10, Sept 19,
Oct. 5, Nov. 9, 1850; Feb. 22, March 6, 27, April 3, 12, 18, May 10, 13, June 20,
Sept. 18, 25, Nov. 27, Dec. 18, 1851; and March 24, 1852.
48. Aptheker, Abolitionist Movement, p. 33; Washington, Story of the Negro, 2,
292-93; M. A. Garland, “Some Frontier and American Influences in Upper Canada
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
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Deerfield Public Library
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Deerfield Public Library
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Deerfield Public Library
Date
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2002
Language
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English
Identifier
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DPL.0013
Text
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Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
A Continental Abolitionism?
The Blacks in Canada: A History
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy of a chapter from The Blacks in Canada entitled "A Continental Abolitionism?" with some highlighting.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Winks, Robin W.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Yale University Press
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1971
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.032
1851 Canadian Census
1861 Canadian Census
A Flight Across Ohio: The Escape of William Wells Brown from Slavery
A Narrative of the Adventures and Escapes of Moses Roper from American Slavery
A Quaker Pioneer: Laura Haviland Superintendent of the Underground
A Sabbath Among the Runaway Negroes at Niagara
A Sacred Animosity: Abolitionism in Canada
A Short History of the American Negro
A Woman's Life Work
Abolitionism
Abolitionist Movement
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Abolitionists
Abram Pryne
Africa
African American Churches
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
Albany New York
Along the Talbot Road
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Amelia Harris
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American Revolution
Americanborn Canadians
Amherstburg Ontario Canada
Anderson Extradition Case
Anglo American Anti-Slavery Movement
Anti-Slavery Reporter
Anti-Slavery Society of Canada
Antonio Nicholas
Aptheker
Archibald Bremner
Arrow
Arthur Huff Fauset
Ashtabula Ohio
Auburn New York
Augustus Diamond
Austin Steward
Authentic Narratives
Autobiography
Baltimore Sun
Baptist Church
Benjamin Brawley
Benjamin Drew
Bond and Free: or
Booker T. Washington
Boston Atlas
Boston Massachusetts
Brantford Expositor
Brantford Ontario Canada
British Mission Boards
British North America
British Provinces
Brown of the Globe
Buffalo New York
Burwell Ontario Canada
C. Lightfoot Roman
Cambridge Massachusetts
Canada
Canada East
Canada Nova Scotia New Brunswick and the Other British Provinces in North America with a Plan of National Colonization
Canada West
Canada's Part in Freeing the Slave
Canadian Antislavery Organizations
Canadian Antislavery Societies
Canadian Censuses
Canadian Liberty Political Party
Canadian Racial Prejudice
Canadian Racism
Canadian Segregation
Cape Vincent New York
Carter G. Woodson
Charles Sumner
Chatham Ontario Canada
Chatham Steamer
Christian Union Church
Cincinnati Ohio
City of London Ontario Canada: The Pioneer Period and the London of Today
Cleveland Ohio
Cobourg Ontario Canada
Collingwood Ontario Canada
Colonial Church and School Society
Columbia University
Columbia University Gay Papers
Communal Settlements
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Creighton
Cronym
D.N. Haskell
Dawn
Detroit Historical Society
Detroit Historical Society Bulletin
Detroit Michigan
Dictionary of American Biography
Dr. Howe
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Drew
Earl Conrad
Early History of Shrewsbury
Edith C. Firth
Edwin C. Giullet
Edwin Larwill
Elgin
Elijah Leonard
Ephraim Evans
ETc.
Excelsior
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Foreign Service Post Records
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Foul Language
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Frederick Douglass
Free African Americans
Freedom's Journal
French
From Dixie to Canada: Romance and Reality of the Underground Railroad
Fugitive African Americans
Fugitive Slave Act
Fugitive Slave Narratives
Fugitive Slaves
Fugitive Slaves in London Ontario Before 1860
Galt Ontario Canada
Gara
Gargoyles and Gentlemen: A History of St. Paul's Cathedral London Ontario
Garrison Liberator
George Brown
Goodbye to Uncle Tom
Gordon Brown
Gordon Sellar
Grand Rapids Michigan
Halifax Nova Scotia
Hamilton Canadian Illustrated News
Hamilton Ontario Canada
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman Memorial Home
Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People
Harvard University
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Henson
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Historical Statistics of Canada
Homer Uri Johnson
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Irish Settlers
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J.W. Loguen
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Jermain W. Loguen
Jerry Rescue
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John Nettleton
John P. Jewett
John Roaf
John Scoble
Journal of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada
Journal of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada Inspector's Reports Appendixes
Journal of the International Folk Music Council
Journal of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society
Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada
Junius
K.A.H. Buckley
Kenneth M. Stampp
Kentiana
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Kingston Ontario Canada
Kingston Penitentiary
Lake Erie
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Larry Gara
Larwill Election Campaign
Laura Haviland
Letters
Letters Largely Personal and Private
Levi Coffin: The Friend of the Slave
Lewis Clarke
Lewiston New York
Lexington Kentucky
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
Liquor Law
Loguen
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London Free Press
London Ontario Canada
London Times
Long Point
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Mitchell
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Narrative
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National Anti-Slavery Standard
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National Museum of Canada Bulletin No. 117
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North-Side View of Slavery
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Northwest Ohio Historical Quarterly
Nova Scotia Canada
O.K. Watson
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Oakville Weekly Sun
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Ohio State Historical Society Siebert Papers
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Ontario Historical Society
Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records
Orlo Miller
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Ottawa Canada
Ottawa Citizen
Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated?
Over Lake Erie to Freedom
Owen Sound Comet
Oxford Rhodes House Anti-Slavery Papers
Paternalism
Patsey Williams
Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society
Pennsylvania History
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery
Pennsylvania State Historical Society
Peter Brown
Petrolia Ontario Canada
Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Point Pelee Canada
Port Ontario New York
Prince
Princeton New Jersey
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
Propaganda Use of the Underground Railway
Public Opinion
Puce River
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R.W. Fraser
Record of Facts
Reports of Penitentiary Inpectors
Robert Sellar
Robert Wilson
Robin W. Winks
Rochester New York
Romantic Kent
Roper
Rowan Ontario Canada
Royal Society of Canada
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Samuel Cornish
Samuel Ringgold Ward
Sandusky Ohio
Sarah Bradford
Saratoga Springs New York
Sarnia Observer
School Records
School Societies
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Shrewsbury Ontario Canada
Sierra Leone
Slave States
Smith College
Smith College Sophia Smith Collection
Some Frontier and American Influences in Upper Canada
Some Items of Negro-Canadian Folk-Lore
Songs from Nova Scotia
Sons of Uriah
Sophia Smith
Southern Slave Songs
St. Catharines A to Z
St. Catharines and Lincoln Historical Society
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St. Catharines Ontario Canada
St. Lawrence River
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Steamers
Story of the Negro
Stratford Beacon
Syracuse New York
Syracuse Public Library
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Syracuse University Gerrit Smith Miller Papers
Systematic Prejudice
Talbot Ontario Canada
Tax Records
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Text. of Rev. Wm. Harrison's Sermon at Baptist Church Amherstburg
The Anti-Slavery Vanguard: New Essays on the Abolitionists
The Antislavery Argument
The Barbarism of Slavery
The Blacks in Canada: A History
The Boston Committee in Canada
The Friend of Man
The Fugitive Slave Law and the Detroit River Frontier
The Honorable Elijah Leonard: A Memoir
The Journal of American Folk-Lore
The Liberty Line: The Legend of the Underground Railroad
The Negro in New York
The Negro in the Abolitionist Movement
The Negro Migration to Canada after the Passing of the Fugitive Slave Act
The Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly
The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South
The Provincial Freeman
The Rev. J.W. Loguen as a Slave and as a Freeman
The Story of the Negro: The Rise of the Race from Slavery
The Town of York 1815-1834: A Further Collection of Documents of Early Toronto
The Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts
The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom
The Underground Railroad: Legend or Reality?
The Voice of the Fugitive
The Works of Charles Sumner
Things As They Are in America
Thomas Henning
Thomas Nye
Toledo Ohio
Toronto from Trading Post to Great City
Toronto Globe
Toronto Jail
Toronto News of the Week
Toronto Ontario Canada
True Makers of Canada: The Narrative of Gordon Sellar who Emigrated to Canada in 1825
Tubman
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Utica New York
Vienna Austria
Voice of the Fugitive
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W.M.G.
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Wilbur H. Siebert
William Edward Farrison
William H. Allison
WIlliam H. Pease
William Harrison
William L. Marcy
William M. Mitchell
William Still
William Still and the Underground Railroad
William Wells Brown
William Wilberforce
Windsor Anti-Slavery Society
Windsor Herad
Windsor Herald
Windsor Ontario Canada
Yearnings for Freedom
-
https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/503d236e0735df7a55625ea0348dbfdb.pdf
e5162fc0249eeb668065bd0685aa8ae5
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
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DPL.0013
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
The Coming of the Fugitive Slave, 1815-1861
The Blacks in Canada: A history
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy of a page from The Blacks in Canada from the chapter "The Coming of the Fugitive Slave, 1815-1861" with some highlighting.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Winks, Robin W.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Yale University Press
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1971
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.031
1833 Detroit Race Riot
1851 Canadian Census
A Member of the Brethren's Church
African Canadians
Amelia M. Murray
Amherstburg Ontario Canada
Audrey Saunders Miller
Baptist Church
Canada
Canada West
Canadian Census
Canadian Tobacco Culture
Chatham Ontario Canada
Colchester Ontario Canada
Colchester Township Assessment Rolls
Detroit Michigan
Dresden Ontario Canada
Edinburgh Scotland
Ethnic Groups in Upper Canada
Fort Malden Assessment Rolls
Fort Malden National Historic Park Museum
Fort Malden Ontario Canada
Fred Coyne Hamil
Fugitive Slave Act
G. Archbold
Inquiries of an Emigrant
Irish
James Logan
Jean R. Burnet
John Howison
Joseph Pickering
Kentucky
Lake Erie
Letters from the United States Cuba and Canada
London England
London Ontario Canada
Mary O'Brien
Montreal Quebec Canada
New York
New York City New York
Niagara River
Notes of a Journey Through Canada the United States and the West Indies
Nova Scotia
Ontario Department of Lands and Forests
Queen's Bush Ontario Canada
R. Rolph
Race Riots
Sandwich Ontario Canada
Sandwich Township Census Data
Sketches of Upper Canada
Slavery
SPG Papers
St. Catharines Ontario Canada
The Canadian Cigar and Tobacco Journal
The History of the Moravian Mission Among the Indians of North America
The Imperial magazine
The Journals of Mary O'Brien
The Valley of the Lower Thames
Thomas Smith Papers
Tobacco Fields
Toronto Ontario Canada
Traite Sur la Culture du Tabac Canadien
University of Toronto
Upper Canada
Urbanism
Virginia
War of 1812
Welland Ontario Canada
Windsor Ontario Canada
-
https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/0604b7b05a1863a18f5eec2d3f017520.pdf
d74ad6fc0c9cbdea4e4419577b1167ac
PDF Text
Text
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CANADA, with particular
reference to the West
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1. St. John’s
2. Sydney
3. Truro
4. Halifax
5. Guysborough
6. Digby
7. Shelburne
8. Saint John
9. Fredericton
10. Charlottetown
11. Quebec
12. Montreal
13. Ottawa
14. Kingston
15. Toronto
16. Hamilton
17. St. Catharines
18. Orillia
19. Mattawa
20. London
2 I. Chatham
22. Windsor
23. North Bay
24. Sault Ste. Marie
25. Ft. William
26. Winnipeg
27. Portage La Proirie
28. Brandon
29. Killarney
30. Emerson
3 I. Regina
32. Moose Jaw
33. Saskatoon
34. Melfort
35. Prince Albert
36. Kinistino
37. North Battleford
38. Eldon
39. Maidstone
40. Wilkie
4>i£ Uoydminster
42. Wawota
43. Kitscoty
44. Edmonton
45. Fort Saskatchewan
46. Athabaska
47. Donatville
48. Amber Valley
49. Clyde
50. Wildwood
5 I. Chip Lake
52. Drayton Valley
53. Breton
54. Drumheller
55. Calgary
NORTH
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56. Brooks
57. Tilley
58. Cordston
59. Peoce River
60. Tete Jaune Cache
6 I. Barkerville
62. Kamloops
63. Yale
64. Hope
65. Penticton
66. New Westminster
67. Burnaby
68. Vancouver
69. Victoria
70. Prince Rupert
7 I. Esquimalt
72. Nanaimo
73. Vesuvius
74. Sidney
75. Saanich
76. Duncan
77. Ganges Harbour
78. Sooke
79. Shawnigon Lake
80. Dawson Creek
81. Whitehorse
82. Dawson
83. Leduc
WEST
TERRITORIES
ALBERTA
Wabumun Lake
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Saskatchewan
All mops were designed by the author
and were executed by Reproduction
Drawings Limited, Sutton, Surrey.
The maps were made possible by
a grant from the Provost’s Fund of
Yale University.
Lake
Winnipeg
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Cities and Towns — U.S.A.
1. Portland
2. Concord
3. Montpelier
4. Boston
5. Providence
6. Hartford
7. New Haven
8. Albany
9. Ballston
I0. Schenectady
11. Syracuse
12. Skaneateles
13. Rochester
14. Buffalo
15. Niagara Falls
16. Auburn
17. Utica18. New York City
19. Cleveland
20. Sandusky
2 I. Toledo
22. Oberlin
23. Columbus
24. Cincinnati
2 5. Philadelphia
26. Pittsburgh
27. Harrisburg
28, Indianapolis
29. Fountain City
30. Fort Woyne
3 I. Chicago
32. Springfield
33. Galesburg
34. Detroit
35. Pontiac
36. Flint
37. Lansing
38. Kalamazoo
39. Milwaukee
40. Waukesha
4 I. Duluth
42. St. Paul
43. Pembina
44. Havre
45. Browning
46. Bellingham
47. Seattle
48. San Francisco
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I-----MASSACHUSETTS
i^RHODE ISLAND
CONNECTICUT
NEW JERSEY
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Ontario and Quebec
Towns — Ontario
1.
2.
3.
A.
5.
6.
7.
Ottowa
Cornwall
Morrisburg
Johnstown
Prescott
Edwordsburgh
Brockville
Towns — Quebec
12.
I 3.
I 4.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Cataraqui
Both
Picton
Thurlow
Adolphustown
Peterborough
Cobourg
1.
2.
3.
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Quebec
Trois Rivieres
Sherbrooke
Granby
8.
9.
IO.
11.
Stanstead
Lacolle
St. Armand
Fort Lennox
Towns —New York
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Port Ontario
Utico
Ogdensburg
Rome
Peterboro
Syracuse
Auburn
Oswego
Lewiston
Rochester
Buffalo
Cope Vincent
( N.H. \
5
Towns — Michigan
1. Detroit
2. Pontiac
3. Port Huron
2 3.. Toronto
24. Burnhamthorpe
25. Etobicoke
26. Port Credit
27. Oakville
28. Burlington
29. Homillon
30. Stoney Creek
3 I. Mount Hope
32. Flamboro
33. Niagaro-on-the-Lake
34. St. Catharines
35. Jordan
36. Thorold
St.Clair
37.
38.
39.
40.
4 I.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
5 I.
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Niagara Foils
Port Colborne
Welland
Chippawa
Fori Erie
Queenston
Brantford
Paris
Ancaster
Dundas
Golt
Preston
Woterloo
Conestogo
Guelph
Kitchener
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54.
55.
56.
57.
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Woolwich
Elora
Stratford
Woodstock
Norwich
Simcoe
59. Chorlotlevllle
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65.
66.
67.
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70.
71.
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Port Dover
Port Rowan
Port Burwell
Port Bruce
Port Stonley
Port Talbot
St.Thomas
London
Ingersoll
Lucon
Wilberforce
Goderich
Port Elgin
Owen Sound
Mount Forest
Meaford
Coltingwood
Barrie
78. Oro
79.
80.
8 I.
82,
Orillia
Penetanguishene
Sarnia
Petrolio
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
Oil Springs
Dawn Mills
Port Lampton
Dover Center
Walloceburg
Dawn
Dresden
Shrewsbury
Horwich
Howard
Buxton (Elgin)
Raleigh
95. Chatham
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107,
108.
109.
110.
III.
Camden
Blenheim
Rondeau
Belle River
Little River
Puce River
Windsor
Essex
New Canaan
Harrow
Fort Malden
Amherstburg
Colchester
Sandwich
Gosfietd
Otterville
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Canada, With Particular Reference to the West (Map)
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy of maps of Canada with Highlighting
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Reproduction Drawings Limited
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.029
Adolphusiown Ontario Canada
Alaska
Albany New York
Alberta Canada
Amber Valley Canada
Amherstburg Ontario Canada
Ancaster Ontario Canada
Athabaska Canada
Auburn New York
Ausable River
Ballston New York
Barkerville Canada
Barrie Ontario Canada
Bath Ontario Canada
Bay of Fundy
Bay of Quinte
Belle River Ontario Canada
Bellingham Montana
Blenheim Ontario Canada
Boston Massachusetts
Brandford Ontario Canada
Brandon Canada
Breton Canada
British Columbia Canada
Brockville Ontario Canada
Brome Quebec Canada
Brooks Canada
Browning Montana
Buffalo New York
Burlington Ontario Canada
Burnaby Canada
Burnhamthorpe Ontario Canada
Buxton Ontario Canada
Calgary Canada
California
Camden Ontario Canada
Canada
Cape Breton Island Canada
Cape Vincent New York
Cardston Canada
Cataraqui Ontario Canada
Charlottetown Canada
Charlotteville Ontario Canada
Chatham Canada
Chatham Ontario Canada
Chicago Illinois
Chip Lake Canada
Chippawa Ontario Canada
Cincinnati Ohio
Clarke Ontario Canada
Cleveland Ohio
Clyde Canada
Cobourg Ontario Canada
Colchester Ontario Canada
Collingwood Ontario Canada
Columbus Ohio
Concord Massachusetts
Conestogo Ontario Canada
Connecticut
Cornwall Ontario Canada
Dawn Mills Ontario Canada
Dawn Ontario Canada
Dawson Canada
Dawson Creek Canada
Delta Ontario Canada
Detroit Michigan
Detroit River
Digby Canada
Donatville Canada
Dover Center Ontario Canada
Drayton Valley Canada
Dresden Ontario Canada
Drumheller Canada
Duluth Minnesota
Duncan Canada
Dundas Ontario Canada
Edmonton Canada
Edwardsburgh Ontario Canada
Elara Ontario Canada
Eldon Canada
Elgin Ontario Canada
Emerson Canada
Esquimalt Canada
Essex Ontario Canada
Etobicoke Ontario Canada
Farnham Quebec Canada
Flamboro Ontario Canada
Flint Michigan
Fort Erie Ontario Canada
Fort Lennox Quebec Canada
Fort Malden Ontario Canada
Fort Saskatchewan Canada
Fort Wayne Indiana
Fountain City Indiana
Fredericton Canada
Ft. William Canada
Galesburg Illinois
Ganges Harbour Canada
Ganonoque Ontario Canada
Gasfield Ontario Canada
Georgian Bay
Goderich Ontario Canada
Golt Ontario Canada
Granby Quebec Canada
Grand Island
Grand River
Guelph Ontario Canada
Guysborough Canada
Halifax Canada
Hamilton Canada
Hamilton Ontario Canada
Harrisburg Pennsylvania
Harrow Ontario Canada
Hartford Connecticut
Harwich Ontario Canada
Havre Montana
Hope Canada
Howard Ontario Canada
Hudson River
Hull Quebec Canada
Huntingdon Quebec Canada
Idaho
Ile d'Orelans
Illinois
Indiana
Indianapolis Indiana
Ingersoll Ontario Canada
Iowa
Johnstown Ontario Canada
Jordan Ontario Canada
Kalamazoo Michigan
Kamloops Canada
Killarney Canada
Kingston Canada
Kingston Ontario Canada
Kinistino Canada
Kitchener Ontario Canada
Kitscoty Canada
Knowiton Quebec Canada
Labrador Canada
Lacolle Quebec Canada
Lake Erie
Lake Huron
Lake Michigan
Lake Ontario
Lake Simcoe
Lake St. Clair
Lake Superior
Lake Winnepeg
Lansing Michigan
Leduc Canada
Lewiston New York
Little River Ontario Canada
Lloydminster Canada
London Canada
London Ontario Canada
Long Point
Lucan Ontario Canada
Maidstone Canada
Maine
Manitoba Canada
Manitoulin Island
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mattawa Canada
Meaford Ontario Canada
Melfort Canada
Michigan
Milwaukee Wisconsin
Minnesota
Missisquoi Bay
Mississippi River
Montana
Montpelier Vermont
Montreal Canada
Montreal Quebec Canada
Moose Jaw Canada
Morrisburg Ontario Canada
Mount Forest Ontario Canada
Mount Hope Ontario Canada
Nanaimo Canada
Napanee Ontario Canada
New Brunswick Canada
New Canaan Ontario Canada
New Hampshire
New Haven Connecticut
New Jersey
New Westminster Canada
New York
New York City New York
Newfoundland Canada
Niagara Falls New York
Niagara Falls Ontario Canada
Niagara on the Lake Ontario Canada
Niagara River
North Battleford Canada
North Boy Canada
North Dakota
North Saskatchewan River
Northwest Territories Canada
Norwich Ontario Canada
Nova Scotia Canada
Oakville Ontario Canada
Oberlin Ohio
Ogdensburg
Ohio
Ohio River
Oil Springs Ontario Canada
Ontario Canada
Ora Ontario Canada
Oregon
Orillia Canada
Orillia Ontario Canada
Oshawa Ontario Canada
Oswego New York
Ottawa Canada
Ottawa Ontario Canada
Ottawa River
Otterville Ontario Canada
Owen Sound Ontario Canada
Paris Ontario Canada
Peace River Canada
Pembina North Dakota
Pennsylvania
Pentanguishene Ontario Canada
Penticton Canada
Peterboro New York
Petersborough Ontario Canada
Petrolia Ontario Canada
Philadelphia Pennsylvania
Picton Ontario Canada
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
Point Pelee
Pontiac Michigan
Port Bruce Ontario Canada
Port Burwell Ontario Canada
Port Colborne Ontario Canada
Port Credit Ontario Canada
Port Dover Ontario Canada
Port Elgin Ontario Canada
Port Granby Ontario Canada
Port Hope Ontario Canada
Port Huron Michigan
Port Lampton Ontario Canada
Port Ontario New York
Port Rowan Ontario Canada
Port Stanley Ontario Canada
Port Talbot Ontario Canada
Portage La Prairie Canada
Portland Oregon
Prescott Ontario Canada
Preston Ontario Canada
Prince Albert Canada
Prince Edward Island Canada
Prince Rupert Canada
Providence Rhode Island
Puce River Ontario Canada
Quebec Canada
Quebec City Quebec Canada
Queenston Ontario Canada
Raleigh Ontario Canada
Regina Canada
Reproduction Drawings Limited
Rhode Island
Richelieu River
Rochester New York
Rome
Rondeau Ontario Canada
Saanich Canada
Saint John Canada
Saltspring Island Canada
San Francisco California
Sandusky Ohio
Sandwich Ontario Canada
Sarnia Ontario Canada
Saskatchewan Canada
Saskatchewan River
Saskatoon Canada
Sault Ste. Marie Canada
Schenectady New York
Seattle Washington
Shawnigon Lake Canada
Shelburne Canada
Sherbrooker Quebec Canada
Shrewsbury Ontario Canada
Sidney Canada
Simcoe Ontario Canada
Skaneateles New York
Sooke Canada
South Dakota
South Saskatchewan River
Springfield Illinois
St. Armand Quebec Canada
St. Catharines Canada
St. Catharines Ontario Canada
St. John's Canada
St. Lawrence River
St. Paul Minnesota
St. Thomas Ontario Canada
Stanstead Quebec Canada
Stoney Creek Ontario Canada
Stratford Ontario Canada
Surrey Canada
Sutton Canada
Sydenhorn River
Sydney Canada
Syracuse New York
Tete Jaune Cache Canada
Thames River
Thorold Ontario Canada
Thurlow Ontario Canada
Tilley Canada
Toledo Ohio
Toronto Canada
Toronto Ontario Canada
Trois Riveres Quebec Canada
Truro Canada
Utica New York
Vancouver Canada
Vancouver Island Canada
Vermont
Vesuvius Canada
Victoria Canada
Wabumun Lake
Wallaceburg Ontario Canada
Washington
Waterloo Ontario Canada
Waukesha Wisconsin
Wawota Canada
Welland Canal
Welland Ontario Canada
Westmount Quebec Canada
Whitehorse Canada
Wilberforce Ontario Canada
Wildwood Canada
Wilkie Canada
Windsor Canada
Windsor Ontario Canada
Winnipeg Canada
Wisconsin
Wolfe Island
Woodstock Ontario Canada
Woolwich Ontario Canada
Wyoming
Yale Canada
Yale University
Yale University Provost's Fund
Yukon Territory Canada
-
https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/54ca5e51a91a8d4f6bd5a8e809f597c0.pdf
e51a167bd762b948ca41f19d785b01aa
PDF Text
Text
FEB o 2 REC’D
DEERFIELD PURLIC LIBRARY
9?p '' ••!!■ soa?j ROAD
DEER. p'L 60015-3098
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LYMAN WILMOT HOUSE
1840
Deerfield,Illinois
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Richard Hart
2735 Forest Glen Trail
Riverwoods, Illinois
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�LYMAN WILMOT I-JOUSE
601 WilmoL Road
Deerfield, Illinois
The origi^31 pioneer house, probably a cabin, was built ca. 1840, with
additions and revisions over the years. It is, I believe, the oldest
occupied building in Lake County, an opinion confirmed by the Director of
Archives of Lake County Museum, Wauconda, Illinois. The only older
standing structure being a log cabin erected, three years earlier which has
been moved and is a part of a historical village in a Deerfield,park.
At a later date, but still early, a coach house was added to the property
and used for the Wilmots' wagons, carriages, and horses.
The structures still show early detail, especially hand-hewn beams and a
stone'foundation in the house cellar.
A unique feature of the coach house is a tower section which once contained
an inside water tank. And in the house, still to be seen after more than a
hundred years, are the initials scratched in a windowpane of Roswell
Wilmot, one of Lyman Wilmot's sons.
After the deaths of Lyman and Clarissa Wilmot in the 1890s (they are buried
m Deerfield Cemetery), the property passed into the hands of various
members of the family and others to the present day. Although changes have
been made m the.property - to be expected in 155 years - it still retains
integrity as a pioneer home. Much of Wilmot1s original acreage has been
sold off over the years, but the remaining property, the size of three
normal house lots, is very impressive and is unique in the community on a
street bearing the historic Wilmot name.
Lyman Wilmot was.a seventh generation descendant of immigrants from England
who came to America m 1637 and were among the earliest settlers of
Connecticut. He was born in Boone County, New York, in 1806.
In 1834 Lyman's brother Jesse Wilmot journeyed to what is now the Deerfield
another on the western edge of the present village.
near one
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�-2its superintendent and his wife taught. The school bears their name to
this day. My children attended this school at one time and my grandchildren
do now, where they are "celebrities" to their friends because they live in
"Mr. Wilmot's house."
The Wilmot family were ardent supporters of the North's cause during the
Civil War. They were dedicated abolitionists and their home became a stop
on the Underground Railroad where slaves were harbored on their way to
Canada. One escaped slave was sheltered by them throughout the war.
The Lyman Wilmot family was significant in the founding and early develop
ment of the community of Deerfield, and their still-standing historic
residence - evolved as it may be - is probably the oldest occupied building
in Lake County.
This record of the pioneer Lyman Wilmot family was presented to the
Deerfield Historical Society by Richard Hart of Riverwoods, Illinois, an
owner of the property in June, 1995
(
�The Wilmot homestead is located at 601 Wilmot Road. The original
house consisted of a kitchen and living room with a "ladder" stairway
to the space above them - the sleeping loft. One of the stories perpetuated
about the home is that it once was an underground station for runaway
slaves during the Civil War. Lyman Wilmot was known to have been an
abolitionist.
Several additions have been made through the years. In the 1920's
the sun porch shown below was added. This became the main entry to
the house.
The other structure on the property is the coach house, built to
house the coaches, or horse-drawn carriages, owned by the Wilmots. Three
garages are now on the ground level. The second floor was originally
a hay loft; it is now an apartment.
Attached to the coach house is a
shop, and an office that was formerly a greenhouse.
�SETTLING IN
The title of "disputed" first settler in Deerfield is held by
Jesse Wilmot. He came by flatboat up the north branch of the Chicago
River (that's the trickle under the bridge on Deerfield Road by the
Garden Apartments) and spent the winter of 1834 here alone, As he was
just scouting the area, he was not considered a settler.
Meehans and Lambs are listed as early settlers, but one historian
gives credit for first permanent residency to the Cadwells.
Jacob
Cadwe11 and his family came from Vermont and settled here in 1835.
As they settled around what is now the corner of Waukegan and Deerfield
Roads, the town became known as Cadwell Corners, That name, remained
until 1849-50 when there was a vote to rename the town. Many German
and Irish settlers had arrived by then. Irish people wanted another
Erin. John Millen (who was from Deerfield, Massachusetts) suggested
Deerfield as it seemed to fit the area with its abundance of wild deer.
When the vote was taken, Deerfield won by four votes.
Meanwhile Jesse Wilmot returned with his family and settled on land
that is now around Greenwood Avenue. He convinced his brother to
investigate the area, and Lyman did just that in 1837. He then returned
to New York for his family and finally settled in the fall of 1840 on
240 acres of wild land around what is now Wilmot School. Here Lyman
and Clarissa Wilmot raised six sons and three daughters.
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Please satisfy-my .curiosity: Is It true that the. house at 601 !
Wilmot, Deerfield, was,a station on the Underground Rah- f
. road, the pre-Civil War route by which slaves rumujig away
from the Sou.a v^ispirited to Canada?-^ Deerf{?ld . • ,
Partly .true — partly; because only part of, the hpuse,Va I • jj
small part, was a station. The'rest : of thO : house •^ 'V.'hlch
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actually was the h6'me;of abolitionist Lymafl Wilmot. .one'of
the founders of- DeerfieldIppg since has been replacedhy. «•;.
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• House wing (arrow) that once was Underground Rallroiid ^
station: Stopping place, on.Freedom Road,
a new main section, with attached porch; , the garage arid its
attached greenhouse .also have been added;,.One value f of;
the onetime ‘‘station’Viriightbd'tjiat it'string a?: a lessoilte
Deerfleldians’not to be impatient when- they are‘'waitmg''at
the Milwaukee Road station for a commuter traih that Is 5
minutes late. In Wilmot’s day, ^riders” ori the'Underground .
Railrodd;Sometimes had to wait days or evert'1weeks in-his
house’ until’the moment.seemed;favorable to■' hide'-’therii^under a load of hay, in a' wagon, "and move to the next %
station on the Freedom. Road.
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The weatherbeaten sign .reads, "This is the original site of the
home of the Wilmots, who settled here botween 1839-40." The orig
inal home served as an underground/station for run-away slaves. Ly;; man ;y/ilmpt was one-of the most successful farmers in Lake County.
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Sheldon Sullens, great grandson of Lyman and Clarissc Wilmot,
visits the original Wilmot home, on Wilmot Road, during a visit to
Deerfield last week. Welcoming him is present owner of the house,
Robert Young. Constructed in the late 1830’s it is one of the oldest
|: homes in Deerfield. Staff photo by Peggy Pollard.
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�House (left) ancl Coach House
House (real'1)
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601 Wilmot Road
Main House - First Floor
RlC:?^D H.\RT
2735
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601 Wilmot Road
Main House - Upstairs
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RICHARD HART
^33 FOREST GLEN TRAIL
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part, of t bn South 1/2 of th* Kor»hw.*» 1/4
?h< Korrhu».n 1/4 of
Stoirlon 02, ’"ovnrhlp 43 Kcrlb, Ponf^r 12 Sort- of the Third Principal
F.-rldlan, lr. VoV* County, Jlllr.ul*
PAPCSL rVOi "'ho
ICO f<*?t cf LM 1 lr. HAtfZKG'S SUBDIVISION of part of ihv
?ou;h 1/2 «f t.hr Kcr»h*vrl lA of the J’orthwrol 1/4 of Section j2,
•"ownrhlp 43 North, F.ang4 12 F.nrt of th* Ihlt-d Prlnclpol >.-rldler.#
In Lak" County,1 Illlurlr
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LEGEND
12 StSK^elery
3’. O'Plain Cemetery
f8. Louis Gastfield Home (7542;
9.
10.
11.
13.
14.
15.
16.
!*T
John Millen home (1839)
Philip Brand home (1844)
& 12. Cadwell homes
Cadwell School (1848)
Alfred Parsons home (1843)
Philip Vedder home (1844)
Job Galloway home (1840)
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19. Andrew Meier home
20. Fred Fritsch home (1842)
21. Jasper Ott
22. Jacob Ott
23. John Jacob Ott Sr.
24. Lorenz Ott
25. Jacob Luther
26. Martin Luther (1835)
27. Jennings’ homestead
28. Stewart family
29. Dose home .
30. Vincent's Grist Mill
31. Wilmot School (1847)
32. Jame Duffy (1844)
33. Patrick Carotan (A841)
34. Ludlow home
......
35. Michael Meehan home (1835)
36. James O’Connor home
37. Dorsey home
38. Dawson home
39. Bartholamew Boylan
40. Michael Dawson
41. Michael Fagan
42. Dennis Lancaster
43. Michael Vore
44. McIntyres & Tullys
45. James Mooney
46. Philip Ott home (1836)
47. Roderbusch home
48. St. Mary's of the Woods Cemetery.
Here, in 1674, Father Marquette
erected a cross, preaching to the
Indians.
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TOWN op CUDA.
TOWN or DXERFIEID.
81
Hollister nnd Robert Bennett,- Constable*
John Bennett and R. P. Buck. This Town*
shi|) bos n school fund of $3,839 43. The only '
Post office in this Town is Flint Creek— J.
J. Bullock, Postmaster.
. '-n1® vuluation of property iu this Town for
was
thereon waSC/a kT""* °f
C°mpUted
iir peculiar location, has nevor, hithorto
iclod them the benefits of q pul)lic thorhfure through their midst; in consequence
vhicli, they have been kept somewhat in
back ground in u'business point of view,
ceping their lands at a low value, whilst
completion of this'Rail Road cannot fail
oubliug the'vahic ofihp.ir'rcill estite.
'he population of this Town, like that of
other Towns of the County, is made up
n various poVtions of the civilized world ;
as a community, the inhahitauts arc
■keel lor their temperate and indu'utrioui •
it
t well as for their perseverance and
S4?75o oo frh°th re'11 nnd personaI
TOWN OF DEERFIELD.
. 1-J“«r(ield is n fractional Township and lies
in the south-east corner of the County, nnd is
north by Shields, on the east
>y Bake Michigan, on the south by Cook
Cpunty, and on the west by Vernon.
J he.first settlement of this Town was comme. cod "i tho spring of 1836, by Jacob CadCaleb
'3 E°nS,l S,1?di*on °-. Philemon,
Uieh.Hirum,. and Edwin, who emigrated
from Norfolk, in the State of New York, in
the spring ofIS35. Among the balance oI
the early settlers of this Town, were Horace
inuTng the curly settlers of thisTown, v/cro
toll A.Whitfr,'JoshuaA.llarudon,JohnElls•t;
. II. Freeman, Amos Flint, I,. H.
e, ..ohert CtuUncc, Robert Bonnet, Jnred
nstock unci FrceU'iun Martin.
’hevfirst Town meeting in this Town was
1 ot the Ifouse ofNoble R. Haves. John
hillock Nvas chosen moderator, and Noblo
lays, clerk. The first set of Town ofti; wdVe ns follows : Supervisor, Philctus
erly ; Town clerk, Noble R. Hays ; AssesJacob McGilvra; Collector, Rob. Conmee;
:rseer of the Poor Francii Kelsey ; Coni*
sioners of Highways, James Jones, Lewis
3ute, Harvey Lambert ; Constables, ChesBehnett aqu Wallace Bennett; Justices of
Peace/ Innis Hollister and Robert Bcn*he present Town oftlcors are us follows :
ler-visor, Lewis II. 'Bute ; Town Clerk,
ri Sears; Assessor, Joshua lluindon’;
lector; John Juckson ; Overseer of 'thu
■r, "Robert 'Bennett ;• ComihisAftnc'rD 'of
hwHys, Ilaryey Lambert, Jumea Jones and
r "Wheeler; Justices of tho'Peace, Ittuis
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Dll3 lownship is mostly timbered .land
having no P-rairies, except a small skirt of he
Grand Prairie extending up a short distance
•into the south-rrost- portion of it.
There nro some two or three sWish
•streams passing through tins Town, flbwim.
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HISTORY OF LAKE COUNTY.
Bartlett, followed him west in 1836, locating
near Libcrtyvillc.
Richard and Ransom Steele came to the
county in 1S34, made claims and erected a house
about two and one-half miles south of Libcr
tyvillc. Returning cast for their families in the
early winter, they occupied the new home in
February, 1835. In this house, June 20, 1835,
Albert B. Steele was born. He was the son of
•Mr. and Mrs. Richard Steele, and was the first
white child born within the limits of what is
Sclllcrs Increase—River Claims Preferred—First
Census Taken—Partial List of Pioneers—
Trappers Who Departed When Permanent
Settlers Came—Stories of the Early Residents
—How They Came and Where They Located
—Wynkoop's Deer Park.
Richard and Ransom Steele, came to Lake
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~
.
,
County in 1835. Moses Putney also made a
....
,
claim in the same neighborhood in 183.1, as did
Andrew S. Wells.
Jacob Miller came out from Chicago in 1834
and built a sawmill near the mouth of Mill
Creek, not far from the town line now separating
Warren from Newport; went back to the city
for the winter, and returned to the mill early
in 1835. He also erected a flouring mill, the first
in the county, as far as can be ascertained.
William Green prospected on the east side
of the river, in Libcrtyvillc, in 1834, but did
not permanently locate there until 1837.
Jesse Wilmot built a home in Deerfield in
1834, and) “bached" it for a year. Lyman, his
brother, spent the summer with him, then re
turning cast, where he remained until 1840, after
which, until his death,_ he resided in this county.
Joseph Flint located a claim in Cuba town
ship, probably in 1834, which was occupied by
his bachelor son, Amos Flint, who died in 1837
or 1838. The log house, whioh was jointly oc
cupied by an aunt, Mrs. Grace Flint, and V. H.
Freeman and family, burned during their first
winter,' leaving them in a pitiable condition.
Timber was plenty, however, and but little time
elapsed before a temporary shelter replaced the
burned structure. Flint Creek, in Cuba, still
bears the name of the pioneer of .that township.
Joseph Flint is understood to have returned cast
immediacy after locating the claim. Thomas
Ballard, who came to Vernon in 1835, also lost
a house by fire, but before his family or furniture
had been moved in.
It is probably true that Captain Wright’s was
the only family to spend the entire winter of
1834-5 in Lake County, although it is claimed
by William E. Sundcrlin that his uncle, Pclcg
Sunderhn, and family spent that season in their
log home tin the York House neighborhood north
west of Waukegan.
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claims taken up were almost entirely along the
?
,
Dcs Plaines River. The early settlers signed
agreements that when the land was surveyed and
sold they would deed to each other any that
might be within the lines staked out as "claims."
These agreements were usually carried out, al
though some litigation resulted,
The river
claims were quickly taken and those bordering
the lakes or small streams, especially when it
happened that there was a grove located near,
were usually the next ones to be secured. Those
living along the river suffered most with chills
and fever—those banes of pioneer life— and the .
prairie settlers found some compensation for
being compelled to at once dig wells because of
at least partial exemption from the ague. The
agreements to deed back and forth any land
embraced in a claim, regardless of section lines,
accounts for the irregular shape of many farms
in various parts of the county, and explains the
long, narrow subdivisions so common along the
Des Plaines.
• *
It is not easy at this late day to make a
complete and accurate list of all who came in
1835. to separate them from those who came
a year or two later, or to state just the locali
ties where they settled. A few remained but
a short time, although a majority made this
their permanent home. The following list prob
ably embraces most of those who came in 1835:
In Vernon there were James Chambers, Clark
Knights, Alonzo Cook, Moody Rowd, Henry
Walton. Jonathan Rice. William Easton. B. F.
Washburn. J. M. Washburn*, Mathias Mason.
Asahcl Talcott, Roswell Rose, Andrew S. Wells,
Henry Wells, William Whigam. John Gridlcy
and his sons. Elisha. George and John T. Gridley. William Easton and his sons. Robert and
John Easton. John A. Mills. Erastus Bailey,
Matthew Hoffman and Moses Putney.
In Libcrtyvillc there were Richard Steele.
Ransom Steele. Davis C. Steele. Henry B. Steele,
r; Lf crr Dn*c,Stcc,c-a cot ,to
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CHAPTER IV.
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The spring of 1835 brought many land hun-
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�TOWNSHIP OF DEERFIELD.-
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staff m the Quartermaster’s Department. From 1837 to 1861 he was on dutv
'
during the Utah troubles and served in the Civil War until failing health caused - ■ J -<0$
him to be placed on the retired list by President Lincoln in 1863. For five years
\
V.‘cc-^«Icnt of .the Trader’s National Bank of Chicago. After the
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fire in Chicago in 1871, he spent two years in traveling with his family and
^
m 1880 settled in Highland Park where he now lives, tie has been Mayor and
• ■A
Alderman of that city. He was a member of the Aztec Club which was formed in 0
the City of Mexico by the officers of the army at the close of that war; also a
member of the Loyal Legion, Sons of the American Revolution, and other so
cieties. He was the author of "Turnley’s Narrative from Diaries, it u
The Turnleys,” and several other books and many speeches, lectures and poems
He died
in 1911.
m
SSfiSliSS ■.
HENRY S. VAIL
i:
He was married, March 3, 1880, to Miss Jennie C. McCulloch, after making his
home in Highland. Park in 1878. He was one of the organizers of the Law and
Ureter'League.
LYMAN WILMOT
'
son
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October 6 1S55 Mr. Wilmot came to Lake County in 1840, locating in the
own of Deerfield. He died November 12, 1896.
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WARREN HENRY WILMOT was bom in Deerfield, Lake County, 111.,
October 6, 1855, the son of Lyman and Clarissa (Dwight) Wilmot. He received
is education in the district schools and Northwestern College at Naperville 111
He has been twice married: to Miss Minnie E. Vining in 18S0 and ten ’
later to Miss Eva P. Vant. He has served
*
and ten years
as
Supervisor
of
West
Dccrfield'fmmTgoJ
Schools and
^
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' 10S HeeHlty-P tS>MrSliy f°,r thE NortI,ern DistrIct of IlSis, October 22,
kegan Council v
»
’r Republican ticket, and is a member of WauW A157’ (A‘ K * A‘ “'>* A‘ °- ** L°^’ No- 676/
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�RICHARD HART
2735 FOR FIST GI.HN TRAIT.
KIVFKWOODS. ILL. 60015
THE WILMOT FAMILY
some mention or Ri!'1 ?0,r,I<1 1,0 coinploto without
a. prominent part in** thi "1?fam ly wl,,ul‘ Played. such
yet or this lanraVimn ° affa,rs ,°r the community, and
Portrait and ninJA1”! «y *1° «je>«ber-remains here. The
"Lyman Wilmot Vho'fJlinf bum °f Lalt0 Couuty says:
dent and leading )
f fifty-one years has been a rcslNew York nadthe
r°» ,the to,wn °r Decrfiekl, claims
birth Is i , (hi Lb C,°i1l,s nativity. The place or his
the data s J«.y O22niOSf0?O,OfrVIme> *ro,om* County' and
Hnnnni. /n.
,r
1S0G. His parents were Jesse and
His lithe?::."0,0 WlAl,not* boLh Motives or Connecticut.
• vine N Y Ai.b?rn
3' 177°- and died In Colcs177R rt'iJ”. 0?loobcr 1J* isi°- HIs wire, born June 10,
and AnJCn in,1S53- They were the parents or five sons
and one daughter. The sons made tho remarkable record or having all lived to celebrate their golden, weddings,
brn.prt while„1?ne' the subject of this sketch, has cele- '
h s ml1
llby wedding or the sixtieth anniversary of
vaV m. P
Stopben B- the eldest of the five brothers,
■uni diVrt m rU,aryi,
mrUTied Mlss
Clauson,
years- I niv* m- ' M' 1,S77,1 :l1 1,10 !l80 °r sovonty-nlno
1799 am
?" y dil”elUc''- wns l,0''“ November 2.7.
1803' \vPfidoJCn July 14, iSO4; Amos, born March 3,
1 1 d. Bc,tSy Crawford, and died in 1S78, at the
ago °f seventy-six years; Asahcl was born March 24,
?n'!i0 ve Smith, and died in-St. Paul, Minn.,
" Millch' 18S?* at ,the aeo of eighty-four, having long
been a practicing physician; Lyman ia now cighty-fivo
i^nS °r,agc: : css' 1,10 youngest, was born September 13,
IIvh?A m n*
' afw‘fe Blftabeth Luther, and Is now
Missouri’ th° ag° °C cighty"one years in Carroll County,
hair months old. Roswell 0., born July 12, 1847, wa
married November 20, 1S70. to Miss Miranda C. Adams
and resides in Hodgldss, Delta County,' Colo. Dwigh
JunoC,n ml AandUSr n’ 1849' marrled L,zzIe Scholes
S intn SS ’ and i os Ides In Evergreen Colo. Ho wa
E Cn PII7n rSC,;lallV° l° the Colorado Legislature
Sr ifiE mr ln ia,nuary 19’ 1852« was married Decern.
hiCqm?M,1pi7|C' t0 E?,\v n ICIttell» and their homo is nov
”
Eb,??g0; W^ren Henry, born October 6, 185 5
Is now a resident ot Deerneld. The children 'ofder thai
pSeli!* Wer° b0rn ,n Ncw York aad those younger h
"Mr. Wilmot was engaged In farming In the town o
Greenwood, Steuben County. N. Y.. until 1837. when leav
‘ag b,s (am,,y» ho first came to Lake County on a pros
pcctlng tour, arriving at his destination on the 20th da\
°f fjay‘ JefQ* his younger brother, had preceded hin
this county in 1835, and had located In-what Is now
the town of Deerfield. Mr. Wilmot visited his brothei
and traveled over Northern Illinois Cor several monthand In November following returned to New York. h
the fall of 1840, ho emigrated from that state to Lain
hnUM.nr TUl !SJanV,y' com,ng ])y Loan» to Buffalo when
J.1® ansTei-red the teams to a steamboat and took pa*
Doornoi.1 (i!,lc«agr0,i Ari’lv,ng at that Port they drove t{
Dcoi field, their future homo. In February, 1S41 he pu r
wi,aiM,di°neJlUndreid aVd sIxLy acres of wild land, t<
which he afterwards added until he now has two hun
J red and forty acres., HIs farm is largely prairie am
for tlhft n^f°#i«eCtl0n 32, Where he has madQ his home
*®r J he past fifty-one years. It is considered one of tin
of thoam^ ° rarm3 Jn_ Dcorfleld. and tho owner is on.
t
m°st successful and leading agriculturists' oLal o County. In polItlc'araentimonUheils an earnest Re
publlcap. In early life he was an anti-slavery Whig ant
ins? Mo ™ accord with the original Abolitionists H(
lost his vote at the presidential election of 184 0 by rea
n°«! °, „1S removal t0
West that year. When the
Republican party was organized he was one of thos.
who took part in its formation In Northern Illinois H(
lias-never been a seeker Tor public ofilce and has server
only in minor local positions. lie was Moderator at the
lust town meeting held in Deerfield, and has served aAssessor for that town. During the draft he accepted
inwn'° / ?V?°iPl,.lar po?,tion of enrolling officer for hi*
IhrcateiietL * ° * 16 mad° enem,es and even had his life
"Lyman Wilmot. whoso name heads this record hav
ing lost his father when a child of four years, and his
mother being in poor circumstances, was obliged to
leave home at the early ago of ten and make his own
way in the world. He began as a farm hand. Ho was
obliged to work hard, enjoyed few comforts and no
luxuries. Ills educational advantages were limited to
a few months' attendance at tho district schools In tho
winter season. When ho arrived at tho ago of twentyfive he found that he had accumulated enough of this
world s goods to set up a home Tor himself and was marvied March 17, 1831. in his native town to Miss Clarissa
Dwight,
a daughter of Israel and Sarah (Porter)
_ . ,
m&w.-iaaasiwiiiii
K,.Us, “ “ »•
New
Mr. and Mrs. Wilmot have been blessed with a large
family, numbering six sons and live daughters- Vlrlrii
the eldest was born June 9, 1834. in Greenwood/Steuben
County, N. Y., murticd Surah Esther Hunter and resides
in Humcslon, Iowa. He served in tho ;Unlon Army In
tho lato war as a mumbor oT the Fifty-fifth Illinois Reir!
rnent, ci,listing October 5.18C1. He was under Shcrmln
In his march to the sea. and was mustered out in Dccom
bor. 1SG4. Adelia. born November 1. 1835. died Novem
ber S. of the same year. Adelia, the second or that
name, was born December 20. 1S3G, and became the wife
of Philip Glitzier July 29. 1857. He is numbered among
the early settlers of Deerfield Township and Is now de
ceased. Ills widow resides In Denver. Colo. Levi Davis
born January 4. 1839, married Sarah A. Hodgkins and’
resides at Ilodgklss. Delta County, Colo. Ho was also a
soldier of the lute war. enlisting on the lGth of Julv
1SG1. In the Forty-seventh Illinois Infantry, was wounded
at the battle of Old Lake, La., being crippled for life
and was mustered out at Springfield, 111., ]„ October*
•.S G 4. Lyman II.. born in Deerfield, III., April ’5 ls4 l ’
^_.,s single and resides on the old homestead. Mary horn
.
hv»?vio’«Wn!m0ti andm!lls w,r® aro members of the Presbytej Ian Church. They celebrated • their ruby or sixl'
w®d(llng annivorsary in March of the present year
Doth aro well preserved and enjoy, as they deserve7 th*
high, regard of all who know them. They have reared
J
family of children, of whom nine are livln" and
.usc ul and r®epected members of society -•
The Wilmot school and Wilmot road were named fnr
Lyman Wilmot. who was a leader in and example to 1
—"”y*, HIs name should ever be honored In Deer'
field by letalnlng it on school and road. No such fanev
.SIS S^!lll°son-WnUe'-- »?•
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�> he vn 0n‘‘ ^ Yopk1S35' W01° G'° «r.t HUbr.
an ‘imiu,?°
I?liern<!,d' The Cadwell homestead,'' on ?
n
1
trail which Is now the Waukegan Road," Is
at present occupied by Miss Loretta Heman.
Jesse Wilmot, who married Elizabeth
came up
the north branch of the Chicago River inLuther,
1 S3*1 and spent
the winter alone
brother I vnn„' Whoro U\c vII,a6e »ow is. In 1837, his
wife pi
cnme and ^ 1840 Lyman brought his
in n C,a,,slsa Dwight, to the 240 acres of "wild land *
In the vicinity or the Wilmol school.
’
'
and the Vemi 1'1?racc Lamb's la'ld
to the south.
u c Person, r fa,'m' ”ow Georeo Truitt's home, and
comb's (n^w Hoed's?,sI„'deU'6 'n,U' CXtentlC(’ west t0 HoU
east to Lewis Gastficld's, south •
to the Lamb farms.
' ’
j.
f’ Ly,nai; W»mot, thc elder, was a practical nurse
y
ber ministrations were also those of a country
r Physician. All who remember her recall her "water
j cure treatments in the years from 1S4 0 to 1880. She
£ always wore a black lace cap, and used a large doc\°ls
for diagnosis. I-Icr tall, slender figure appear?ta home meant comfort to the stricken, and ease of
t0 y°rried Parent- Mrs- Lange, and Mrs. Lewis
v Todd, and Mrs. Wilmot were the women who assisted
vat the arrival of infants, when physicians, graduate
-V' *<iCS’ ^nd anaesthetics were not considered necessities.
Miss Josephine Woodman has had a maternity home
f m her home for over twenty years, and it is now
i;*«5KCnfCt* as, ^iC J°sePbinc Woodman Maternity Home
; ?.he bas a bed *or but one patient. . Mrs. Albert Hagi
Sfjrs* Tl^odore Taylor, and Mrs. Fred Bleimehl (who was
iAlrs CntchJey), and Mrs. Carolyn Becker, have been
rpractlcal nurses.
ss iw*?.f:^U-s,rvery0uct?v,tlesmlne- Th" ‘3
Mrs.. Wessljng's recollection of the early history of this
locality are vivid ones. She was sixteen when Abraham
• Lincoln was assassinated, and she saw his body lying in
state in the courthouse in Chicago. She and her brother.
Silas, were In the Wilmot school when Lyman Wilmot
brought the sad news of Lincoln's death. .
The second day of the Chicago Are Mrs. Wessling was
on her way to Chicago, with her father and mother, to visit
her husbands cousin, Henry Wessling, and to see her broth
ers, Silas and George Brand, who lived in the Martin
btangcr tavern, when they met a man whose horse was so
covered with foam as to make the color or the animal In
distinguishable. I-Ic had ridden as far as Niles to tell the
people that Chicago was burning.
Philip Ott and Alfred Parsons wero In land buying business. From the letters of the former to the latter/one from
Hoopole Grove dated July 8. 1853, says: '‘You have boi^U
°tf bl\t U 13 aU wet land, except G acres, but
[vr\l
n Good grass land, and will by and by sell
ncll. Mi. Gloss, whom wo mot on the road to Prophets
nUn lp«f«W*trdiil0 !®t# ,b°UKht thc Dailey place for $350, and
'..r bmicht Vnlnri 3 P(on Sender's »-oad In Deerfield.
<5200 fm- n,f°P
0fC Jci3*?e w,lmot’ very good land for .
?2°0 foj the Company, and Intend to buy SO acres more off
the I-Icnry Place which will corner with the 40 acres that
you entered, and I think will bo of good valued us
look very good. Corn is eight Tcct high."
• 1
In comparison of land values, in 1917 the Wilmot school
board paid ?G02 an acre for Wilmot land. To the south
nm-olC M1}101’
sold a 120-acre farm for $200 an
f", wna
-it WOO an acre tor the flrst ten
S a^s.^blfe
same WlfmSTanc]
R°°° n"
:E
many
of the
On his way to the dedication of the Calvanlstlc or Refoi med Lutheran Church on Dundee Road about 184S
he went through the Frey farm, and remembers a little
snow bird s nest full of eggs in tho snow. The congrega
tion and visitors at the dedication ceremony were
"packed.In like herrings." Samuel Ott was the first
Sunday School teacher in the Wilmot School, assisting
Lyman Wilmot who was superintendent.
■7ft /,/ ty D-fc,-yu f,/' ,*)// /
/92-J?
l0‘' Un aC1'03 °£ tho
�p
T!1^ GUTZLER FAMILY
October*?ia^Qn©Gutz,ier was born ,n Sundhausen, Alsace,
was born rno
h,s w,f0* Margaret Elizabeth Hetzcl,
Germans n?,Crsthclm’ A,sacc* April 1G. 1S0U. They were
fntl sky that Phi'iip°k'! Gu“# -U,0m
W#“U,y ,,0°"|C’
had riding horses and other
u^l.rIes ln his home country.
when5 ,'LrVV?S, an,only daughter of wealthy parents, and
broi.rhV\
famlly came t0 Deerfield, Mrs. Guttler
She S oil USCi°U ,,ncns 5l,Hl silks, and a short time before
these shriii?;? ,Dece,nbuJ’ 7* 1351. she directed that some of
Lcrs
1 Ul be saved for eaeli of her four surviving daugharrJval ,n Deerfield, Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Gutzif,*
r1ronJ Je5jse Wilmot (brother of Lyman Wilmot)
of aUv^r'money aU< s,xly’acrc farm. paying for It two pecks
WnVl? mother of Philip Jacob Gutzlcr came with them.
iVsn \m.C, 3 not known t0 kcr descendants. She died about
Nnrih M
or elghtjr-eight. and was buried in tho first
ivoitli Northficld Cemetery.
Another member of the Gutzler household was old Grctel.
V. i huousekceper, who came to America with them. Grctel
cued about March. 18G0. She had some money "out," und
oy the will of Philip Gutzler (who died January 7. 185G)
as to be given a home with his.son, or have another found
.r her. A small house was built for Gretel across the
road, and after she died It became the property of Mr. Hess.
The will also provided that the eldest son (or one of the
two elder sons) should care for the younger Gutzlcr chil
dren, and pay to each one thousand dollars, when lie or she
became of age. Philip Gutzler, the eldest son, fulfilled these
requirements and acquired the homestead, eighty acres of
woodland, also sonic money invested.
Philip Jacob Gutzler, his wife, who was Margaret Eliza
beth Hetzcl, and their daughter, Salome (born in Gertshelm, July 9, 1837, and died In Deerfield in December, 1S50),
were burled in the old Evangelical Association Churchyard
In North Northficld. 111. About, fifty years later (about
’.905) under the supervision of Philip Jacob Gutzler’s daughter, Mrs. Lydia Himmel, the three caskets wero disinterred
intact and removed to the newer cemetery half a milcT'east
of the church.
Philip Gutzler was born In Gcrsthcim, April 2, 1830. and
camo to Deerfield with his parents In 1841. He attended
the Wilmot School, and lived the usual life of a boy on the
.farm. When he was nineteen the whole United States was
electrified by the rumor of astounding gold discoveries In
our newly acquired territory of California. It was almost
without inhabitants, and the field was open to all who could
get there. The wildest excitement and activity prevailed
throughout the country, and every city and village throbbed
with feverish Impulse to rush to the "diggings." The
boys on the farm "out west," as Illinois was then called,
did not escape-the contagion.
Tho maps then published showed all of the territory west
of the state of Missouri as a blank across which was printed
the words "Great American Desert." The difilculty of
reaching this unknown country restrained thousands from
the attempt, so that those only who possessed natural
courage or adventurous proclivities actually made the great
plunge.
In 1851, Philip Gutzler could no longer resist the golden
lure, and being then or age, felt that he was free to go,
and, in company with several other young men or the neigh
borhood (among whom were Jacob Ott and Ills nephew.
Jacob Ott. Philip Ott. Andrew Meier, George Arnold, Philip
Lehman and one of the Luther boys), started bn the Jour
ney. The "Argonauts” had several routes from which to
choose: A tedious sea journey around Cape Horn, a partly '
sea and partly land route across the Isthmus of Panama,
or Nicaragua, or Mexico, or following westward the buf
falo trails which were already outlined by the bleaching
bones of beasts and men who had succumbed to the hard
ships of the desert, or had been killed by tho Indians. Tho
• Dcorflcld party choso the routo across the Isthmus of Pan
ama.
i
/-//'/ /ftsl/ eg M'S. /gy.cM, (gl//
'92-
The ocean voyages, with the poor accommodations of tho
uotnrlnuiily lundoqunln vnminln. worn a much drnadod part
*»f llio JournXsy; but ail ho ulwayu wau n good a uullor, Philip
Gutzlcr was In better health and spirits than tho majority
or the paaoengoro when they came to anchor In tho Harbor
of Chagreo.
Travel ucroiiii the liilhimm wan by cniiouu, or buugon, up
tho Chagres River, following about tlio samo lino as the
Panama Canal, was dug- sixty years later. Part of the
distance tho men walked and over some of the way they
wero carried In chairs strapped on the backs of the natives.
These natives, who beforo the "Gold Rush" were exception
ally honest people, by two years' contact with American
radians, had been changed to thieves and murderers, and
the whole route across tho Isthmus was Infested with Amer. lean, English and Spanish highwaymen, who pounced upon
defenseless travellers at every opportunity. After crossing
the Isthmus there was another sea journey (which some
times took three months) beforo they passed through the
Golden Gate, and stepped ashore upon the "Promised Land.”
Philip Gutzler’s next five years were spent In the vicinity
of San Francisco, Sacramento, Monterey, and Santa Cruz.
For five years tho "rush" continued. Some of the dis
coveries were wonderful, but the greater number of people,
wrought to a pitch of nervous frenzy by the myriad reports
flying about, were too easily Influenced to leave a locality
of moderate wealth to plunge into the unknown beyond the
mountains.
After months of fruitless searching for the proclaimed
‘Inexhaustible focus of gold," they would return those who
had not succumbed to privation—poverty stricken and rag
ged, to find the claims they had left already occupied.by
fresh arrivals.
This sort of work was too uncertain to suit Philip Gutzler,
so after two years of Indifferent success at placer mining,
lie started-to grow wheat. Some of the time that he was In.
California flour was as high as one dollar a pound, and
many a man mined half a day to pay the price of a loaf
of bread.
Sugar cost a dollar a pound, and butter two dollars and
a half.
The producer’s profits were certain and though not large
compared to that of the most fortunate gold seeker’s, at any
rnto Inrgo onougli to prove tho wisdom of his choice.
Philip Gutzler prospered until ho had a severe attack of
typhoid fever. With .this, and its attendant ills, he was
sick for a year. A man nurse was employed when the
most ordinary labor cost ten dollars a day. Eggs >vere
ono dollar each, and milk seventy-five cents a quart. This
year’s sickness cost Philip Gutzler a small fortune, but,
even with such* great expense, the years spent in Californfa
pyi>—l profitable.
The first letter to reach him from his Illinois home told
of his mother’s death, and after being away five years, he
was called home by the death of Ills father. By that time
a railroad had been built so the Journey was not attended
with so many hardships.
?
On his return It was arranged that Philip should tako his
father’s farm, care for the younger children of the family,
and as his six brothers and sisters became of age, to pay
each one thousand dollars.
On July 29, 1857, Philip Gutzler married Adclla Wilmot
daughter of Lyman and Clarissa Dwight Wilmot. The re
mainder of his life was spent on the old homestead where
ho led tho active life of a successful farmer. Plls last six
years were marred by falling health, and on. June 30, 18S2,
he died at the age of fifty-two, respected as a man of the
highest honor. After his death the farm was sold to George
Stryker.
Michael was tlje second son or Philip Jacob Gutzler and
his wire, Margaret Elizabeth I-Ictzcl. Michael was born
June 15, 1833,, In Gcrsthcim. Alsace. He married Mary
I weed, November, 1855, In Waukegan, III. They made their
home In Mount Vernon, Iowa.
Mary Elizabeth (always called by her second name) was
Vjri1
1®; 184*; married John Stryker on March 27,
iSGO. 1 hey lived ln Northficld. then in Ravenswood, III
whero Mrs. Stryker died December 27. 1914. She was burled
In Grnccland Ccmotcry.
, *r.ayy’ b0Trn October 30. 1842, In Deerfield, III,, married
111 StorHngJI?|UCt ° CbIctlE:o' January 5, 1859. She died
Anna Lydia (always known as Lydia), who was born
S°“il0r,7n-,,,o*.<"-J,,llDoonrfioMl
Chl«eo.
EviuigoUca,
‘-ha
auperfect w !iv cs^lh rtii °t 1 Tosc whTch°K
�m
Clil«:n(r0 Novci!*’i** 1
rc?!;r
'vo,mi,,» a,,d “Nor her death In
managed ably to
^^rand
s,“u"
.„
wont to a place In ,„e
tl"** when the toucher "bourdo 1 uro iid'u„!i AT wwro fho
mio of Adel la's pupils asked ir Ji
o ,u?lU ono morning
house next week. 1 “Next week?*
c?mo to tIle,r
better do. Ma says she wants vo„ fflYe>i m£*m’ and *a
and tho flour aro all gone ’’ 1 7
1
0 befor0 tho ^
gTSM?
Sho attended ^ifso^ooli1 ^Iattl0)! b°™ “ay 24. S'
western Uni versify <?]?«?; afwr)vard &0'ne to the Northa»d Cook Counties’
?
1,1 various places ImLalco
Eanlzed the 0 A O Snfl,1Ci; frIand-’ E*nma Hall. or:
°‘ln llm hshd a l0ne’ °*<sten1e In Deerfldd!'' 1 “t,rar* eQ'
■
where she married Elmer'E "hllMc?
CoIoradoHattlo Gutzlcr Miller dfnd rLM . ’ November 14. 1888.
after she heeame°adIjWdCemb0r
1888' 'C33 lbaa a
tended schoSserit„GLaker^3 Vor» >avcU 23. 1802. Ho at■■led Anna L. Hodman or hI^ aild
c,llcaEo. Ho mareast 31, 1SS-1. They movedTn ?° “• I_ ,cnry Col"u>'- I"-. An-
wGo°rf Henry''^ut’m^ 'S ^ f3°Utb
dale Mich EanV°°HnA?ad0my and ^Ulsdale College, H'Us
USs! He mm rled MarJ"Si a aa“la™" ia Colorado In
Stryker) of Doorfinid n
oStijlcci (daughter of George
make hla
l1i8?°i. ?? returncd ^
G. 1920.
en,c,d ,n lsy3- and died hero January
tended locaKsc lio»|“ ! ml NmLl
", "
3‘ 1SG'k Ho at'
In l.artncrshl,,
h'
" ,."°Sor" Ulli/«‘sUy. llo was
when George rotui-nclto iim, * 2?0,'?c- l" CoIoiad°. and
et the ranches and’stock
L°Vl Look «
vlllc^Coforado, GOctobo;n28r‘lsS7NOD
thou'- y-
n
'n Lcad--
Franco. In tho Argonno Forest!
°n the batt,c,1<:Id3 •«*
citizens. ?lol*d*id'V?n h'ls tomn c0m>n>nilty’s most useful
March 31, 1927. Ho was
nadlum' Colorado,
llenver, „„ Ulu (Iay l.ororo hm'ii xt^thl'"? n"!, 9°mcloryversary.
M,xly-thhd birthday annl-
neafl'relg'ueen.qa,!fLru3nu!uair0V0'’1'le,r 27> 18CG' When
Northwestern University ho
u\°}£slng atudcnt In
January 2S. lSSd
llc is buwl^ d,pbLhci^ ^ Evanston.
Frances Willard, the noted tomnl..in Dcc.rn°ld Cemetery.
Sunday School tiacher
tcmpcrance advocate, was his
is a g^dua?eCofC
7' 1875- She
vcrslty: graduate of ScotL S^io^ 'n" ^ l> Pcnvcr Un«*
She was married on I<>br^
°C E,O0utIon.
SkInker of Denver. Colorado ^vh'ero 9<.h«t0 Gco,’e(' M«>->’ay
furnished the details of tills* most iniorno^ rf3,dc3lory, also some new material iov thl iS fJStI"er tamlly '"*•
Adella Wlhnot (who married^hnin rutlrtfv'i
Bi?ryyears of age when she came fro
v01 p was but four
wltli her parents In 1840. Her colon hi York ,to Dcc,’dcld
tho Bradley. Dwight Porte. PvS
ancestry Includes
and Bancroft fnml ies^ whiio M,/1„e7l-xNe'vbcrry. Willis,
berry library In Chicago a ul in
l" thc New!
genaloglcal records.
other libraries containing
In her old age many were the storied
i
...
her grandchildren of the singing
/
i
l?}a lo
ing bees" that were held in thp\rh«ni \ ‘l
110 sPc11’
‘‘apple parings,” and the "eon.1 hikings "h°US°*
, Qnd of the
In the neighborhood of the Wlhnot *’ ’ and tho quiltings
and Doarfleld Scliools.
nnd of one hostess who reached
111 o acme of clocaiico hv
providing little dishes ,U saucers/°
SCt l!,0,p cups ^hllj
they drank tea from their
S ch ool°h c fat ho i^Took °h c r *t If.lj her ty vl Uodte ° the WiImot
in tho Academy. This was such n Ion 1° pur.BU0 a courso
It was necessary for them to rcinal i Sn!'0,,F .J®l,Pncy that
in Half Day (a distance reached In
/ n,g U at an
In an automobllo today). After-sunnof. M,nu half nn hour,
about tho fireplace and talked, while Two nli®,”10*1 ^athorcd.
i n rni'iim*
.
Old WOHlAn pIioMa.i
corner. Hnn
One old ________
woman ...
told that
whr»n
'T°men chatted'.
- sno was
was na hn'"'
baby •
wns so small that she could Ho
10o Wns
father's hand and rest”lic!• “)»oad 'on1 h°l,,Ul^ falm of her.'
Tho other old c-ono. Intently i, to°ostod
Cor a
ishinent, Inquired. "And did you i|VQS-* r (l ,n eroat aston-.
ness came thc reply. "They .said I did n,w!‘ 1>e,rcct serious-
....... ....... .
-t^^ AS5:^ns„t■
M
jmsSHSiwH?s“-
pissn
Piiilll
SSdW, toeot!.lorramois m ne . They ‘stt uck" l' rich-0'
AUlerson'broth'Tld's 111031
IlllisSIsli
Aldersou were very religious More* ri,nI „m0t a?d John
century later when Lyman mido^ils last visit to"^^? 1.“
i'X*., 10y °nce.1,ad held- Then John Aldorson said? "iS
toi tune was not meant for us for if «#« i.n,i
’ That
never could have served my Lord and &«.«??■ .SCCUTrcd it I
satisfaction that they haS°noTwhlwd\heath!n0ghf0ra ^hV0*
S’ :SS'C Ss
avSF - “■ *■»=,ts,:;
He never
tease l.rm'about''l,olHga" old mamiT" Sl?le,\ 1Slla’ llked ‘®
loads and slow traveflnc U ^vnl r ' ,In tho days of bad
many of tho household suinlfM rS!,,,d ^J^enient to buy
Jew happened to stoo at nli wn ^,0»nl l,eddlei's. One day a
Ste.t£"vf‘“
looting sheath/ It was obvIo s M,^^ U,,der the ^
woiild bo useful for many things
* new ,nvent,on
nearly stranded by''im^'efforts tT'kn ,nl?"<led and was
^ t^o„m us: at “vr *50
Dcei-nold of tho "Safety first" Wen.^
•l'-.
Introduet,on ‘"to
�.d;Mon's Club with u membership of 17. Like the J. O. Tt.
Club ibis organ!-/.alion has for its purpose Christian
P% T sorvlco nml fellowship. Two inonihoru of the club uro
l OHO
The president of Iho
. oMcom la tbo Sunday School,
•allduh In a mmulior of the church council Tbo uidwrlng
*'or
:BMiJt *1 tho divine niwvlr.im In In charge of the Young Mon h
2- ui ?W.j Club. Two inciuliui'H iiorvu uu mauagum of U»o ill. 1’nul it
Honihl. The club was organized In Iho spring of 1!)G.
>' v.i tM Tbo present olllcors of Iho organization arc: l'Toyd Bock,
-9vjS
President; Alfred Schwab, Treasurer; Alfred Johnson,
set-'Mjft g®. Socrctary.
As
•■•lloth clubs meet every Sunday morning for religious
Instruction, and one evening a month, for business, soiemand fellowship.
Pod
ood
was |f ffc'THE. EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION CHURCH
• iftffi& Tlio Evangelical Association Church in Amorica was
;ory, v,g£ &$$■<founded by Jacob Albright among the Pennsylvania Gcrd Inm gSS'mani In Novoinlier, 1803, in Lebanon, County, Pcnnsyltl\e '.S gS'Yftnla. "These people have a dialect, customs, and traits
nlon
SgSpH'ot.character peculiarly their own," according to tho hiseacli m pElorlon of The Annals of the Evangelical Association of
v'ii M.Norlh America and • History of. ti»o United Evangelical
tho I|f; Church, ltcv. A. Stapleton. The first; church and printheld
lug olllcc of tbo Evangelical Association was erected In
i guy l |llE 1816 In Now Uorlln. Union County. Pennsylvania. This
church Is really a Cerman Methodist Church, but Is an
$ &Tentirely Independent one. The original members wore
culled "Albrights."
, .
servWhJ
stify- % f-vis■ 'lyTlio first Evangelical Church in Illinois was organized
the Stnngcr Grove, the home of Martin Stangcr, father
m on;..y*
of George Stangcr of Deerfield. Iho other families who
s and 'ifc,
Jolnod the Stangers were the Luther, Jacob Ott, Jacob
serv-'i^
ed to % fctiXKichor, and Countryman families. The first minister
s say, *■# Kwas ilcv.. lloess, who came on horseback fromlonnsylLlon?
vanla to preach. Three churches in succession were
come
built-near the Nurlhllelcl Cometory. The first church
i con-;i??fe^.vna a crudo log one built In 18*17 on a hill west of the
nation ^ cemetery on tbo land of Mike Schoelle.
Iho second
memwuh on the Nicholas Miller farm, where the parsonage
in re- tMlftnow Blands, and was later sold lo John Forko, who
loro It down and moved it to his farm in Wheeling.
®$*“orly-flvo years ago the third one was built on the souLliber. :®®VC8l corncr of JoIlu Slreicher's land given for the pur^gwjl^Tho Philip Brand family walked from their farm a
mm
„ DLL iBsSfinllo north of Deerfield to the North field corncr to nlMr.
'
' ■'I'E^’vlond church services, a distance of four miles.
harcU-$ KjJroml helped hew Lhe logs for the first church.
*
Sfe . Whon more settlers came to West Deerfield township.
(%.iorYiccB wero held In the homo oT Philip Glitzier. MiuTl,iors who preached In the Gutzlcrhomo wero Devs.
^yfilooffort. Gocsslo, Laeglcr and Hlmmcl. The children
. 7. gffiof tlio German families attended Sunday School In tho
nations •’P*lS\Vllmot School, whero Lyman Wllmot was Supcrlnlcnd1800.r ' /®f«nt, and tho services were In English. Children caino
itor of t Sfoffrom long distances to attempt to speak English and
ircssed ••Miouru Tho Bible In tho language of their adopted
romote + a?i?counlry. Samuel Ott helped Lyman Wllmot as trams2h and
Iflutor' aml assistant superintendent. These Immigrants
2>Voro Lutherans in the mother country, hut as they so)
the or- vgjfclourncd in Warren, Pouu., for about two years, they
W. T. :J ^idoplcd this new sect which had conceived a more strict
r, Min- i j§3doctrlno of personal conduct, particularly on the lluuor
’• Anna v ■■l^nupslloii.
, .
izabeth \Tho' last Northllold Evangelical Association Church.
T^callod tho O’Plaiu Church, on the southwest corncr of
and at .y tg&DunUoo and Saunders Hoads, was built in 1880. The
c inter- T wfunilud Evangelical Church across tho road was built
propor-' ^®iuT8!)0.
urch in 7:
Noto from the Conrcrenco Book;
■fi&vlu 1842 salaries of ministers wcr.o fixed at ?Gu per
t; Mrs. .'i iSyVoo.r for an unmarried man. ?105 Tor married men, and
olinson,"*j
additional for each child under fourteen years of
•••vMv/J •
an extra amount for traveling expenses.' "This
ll’S
«»UB08 considerable rejoicing. There was a surplus in
• i iSibo Conference Treasury that was also divided."
Young
ju 1843 the Illinois district had a Des Plaines circuit,
Club, a -i
iho. presiding elder was C. Kopp. In 184*1, Clirls•«ce and V SwtJau Llnlner was elder for Lilia district. On June 11.
, some
MO. John Jacob Escher was "newly received" in tho
• y comullies Conference. In 18*1(1 lwo oldors were ap• ra aro-;j Pointed'for tho Des Plaines distrief. C. Kopp and Samuel
ized in • [Sjjlckovcr. In 18*17, on the ».)es Plaines circuit. C. Anthe of- ;• ’^jronsloin and George Messu*- -{wurn appointed. In 1848,
oorolary
®G00rgo EhcIioi* was rocolvco
i the conference.
ry.
^ v,
i
Telephone Dccrlickl 220
.*•
R. A. Nelson
Qrocery and Market
Where
(
i
:
Quality
Courtesy
Service
Rules .. r
DEERFIELD, ILL
;
VT
& s
3 z A
Sp a°
Telephone Deerfield 6
W
PI
a2s
m
BS
Deerfield Filling Station
ALVIN W. KNAAK, Prop.
Qasoline—Oils—Qreases
CAR GREASING A SPECIALTY
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Cor. Deerfield Avc. and Waukegan Road
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trict have more letters daily than all the rest oi: the county, yet are left dependent on
post station called Otsego, five miles out of town on the nearest route from Chicago to
Milwaukee.”
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The first post office in Deerfield Township was in the Median settlement, under
the name of Emmett, in 1846. The second was established on January 13, 1849, in St.Johns,
A’hich name was changed to Port Clinton on March 19, 1850. Both were forerunners of the
; first post office in Highland Park, on December 14, 1861. St. Johns was located on a
r' bluff on both sides of the first ravine to be crossed on entering Fort Sheridan reservaat the main south gate. It was named by John Peterman and John'Hettinger, of German
extraction, who laid out the town, and incorporated it under their Christian names.
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first post office in the village of Deerfield was established May 4, 1850.
Deerfield was a settlement of buildings at the crossing of Waukegan Road and Deerfield
Road, but in those days, the roads were muddy except where planks were laid for wagon
wheels, and there were farms on both sides of the rutty road west thru the Wilmot farm to
the Des Plaines River. Caleb Cadwell was appointed post master, and the first office was
in his home. He owned buildings on both sides of Waukegan Road. Assisted by his daughter,
Rosclla, Cadwell served until 1854. A list of the postmasters in Deerfield since Cadwell:
Appointed
August 19, 1886
Walter II. Mi lien
Lewis Beecher
February 14, 1854
December 8, 1890
Jacob C. Antes
Eliab Gifford
October 28, 1854
Mathias Horenberger October 29, 1894
Hobart J. Milien
June 8, 1859
December 9, 1898
James H. Fritsch
Madeson 0. Cadwell
August 27, 1861
Samuel P. Hutchison November 21, 1906
Lyman Wilmot
March 26, 1864
August 15, 1914
Arthur J. Ender
Nelson C. Hall
August 31, 1866
July 31, 1922
Mrs. Fred H. Meyer
Mrs. Jane McCartney May 29, 1867
June 8, 1926
Fred H. Meyer
Christian Antes
January 15, 1869
March 1, 1934
John J. Welch
Christian M. Willman November 14, 1958 and
presently Deerfield Postmaster
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For seventeen years there was a post office serving the area north of
§£■ Deerfield, including Lake Forest. It was established in 1887 in Lancasterville, in the
area later called Everett. This postal service was discontinued in 1909, however, when
^4 Rural Free Delivery started out of the Deerfield post office, when Samuel P. Hutchison
was postmaster in an office in his general store on Deerfield Road near Waukegan Road.
& RFD was authorized by Congress in 1904 but did not start in this region until five years
later. Using a horse drawn mail wagon, the carrier was William Carl "Billy” Ott, less
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than four feet tall, but devoted to his daily tasks over dirt roads in much adverse weaA) thcr and road conditions.
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Abolition
Tho abolitionist sentiment existed in Deerfield
and Its adjacent areas. A “station" on the
Underground Railroad was operated by Lyman
Wilmot, and a runaway slave was received here
and given quarters for the v/lnter of 1058 at the
home of Lorenz OIL’ Abolitionists from Highland
Park would come to Deerfield to debate the Issuo
at the corner of Deerfield and Waukegan Roads.1
The runaway slave, Andrew Jackson, was 20
years old and came from a Mississippi plantation.
His father was the plantation owner, a white man,
and because of this, the slavo received greater
liberty than other slaves, providing /him with an
opportunity to escape. His flight from Mississippi
was an ordeal which included temporary capture
by his pursuers.*
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Jackson lived with the Ott family, and did
chores while there. He built a while picket fence
and gale, but asked that it be taken down when
tho slaves were freed-German thrift could not ac
cede to this request. In the spring, Jackson was
taken to Chicago from where ho sailed to Canada.
He corresponded with the Ott family from there.4
The abolitionist sentiment was not universally
embraced, however, and many men were unable
to acknowledge a personal involvement in the
abolition Issuc-parlicuiarly In the resulting war.*
Antiv/ar sentiment was so strong that a bounty
was required to induce enlistments. The bounty
was $40 per man at tho beginning of the war, but It
was 51 COO by the end.*
There were a few “copperhead” and "a lodge or
two ol Knights of the Golden Circle,"* which wore
southern sympalhiziers, but “never constituted an
effective fifth column."' A strong Union League
existed to counteract any disloyalty that may
have disgraced the County.*
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CIVIL WAR
Doorflold Grand Army of tho Republic
Captain McCaul’s Shield Guards were ap
parently the first volunteers. Their formation was
announced on April 20, 1061, and Ihcy Joined an
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Irish regiment In Chicago.'* On April 29, 1061,
nlnoly volunteers from southern Lake County art
rived at Waukegan." On May 4,1061, the Union RIv
fie Guards were formed. On June 6, the County
Board of Supervisors appropriated 55,000 for
bounties to encourage enlistments."
During the summer of 1061, Companies C and F
of the 37lh Illinois Infantry were organized. Cap
tain Eugcno B. Payne and Captain Erwin B.
Messer were tho officers of these Companies.
During the winter of 1061-1062, half of Company I,
45th Illinois Infantry, and half of Company F of the
C5th Infantry were organized; Company G of the
51st Illinois Infantry was organized, and all went
to Camp Douglas.w it Is not certain whether Virgil
Wilmot, the son of Lyman Wllmot who operated
the underground railroad, served In the 45th" or
the 55lh" Illinois Infantry.
Thomas Mooney of Deerfield had the unique
service record of serving on both sides. He was In
ducted Into the Confederate Army while working
as an engineer on a Mississippi River steamboat,
but escaped after two years and Joined the Union
Army."
,, , ..
Several Deerfield men died as a result of the
Civil War, cither from Illness, Injuries received In
battle or from the hardships of the prison camps.
Several more were crlpplod. Those who served In- .
elude the following:
1. Mario Word Flolcholt, Tho History of DoorNoId, Glonvlow
Pross, 1928, p. 107.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 49.
0. Ibid.
o! Richard Holsladlor, Tho American Ropubllc Vol. I: to 1865,
Prontlss Hall, 19G4, p. G14.
9. nolchclt, loc. ell.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 115.
10. Ibid., p. 50.
13
RICHARD HART
*735 FOREST GLEN TRAIL
KjVBIlWOODS. ILL. 60015
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During lhal Mrs! year in Lake Counly, his young
son
n Daniel, Jr. died on September 7, 1034, and his
wife. Ruth, died on Seplember 10” Another son
died a year later. No cause of death Is suggested
in the materials available, but the prevalence of
epidemic diseases in late summer has been
documented.
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A prairie lire destroyed Wright’s winter hay sup
ply and the Indians helped him to survive the first
winter.”
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Wright’s daughter, Caroline, married William
Whlgham in 1036. It was the first marriage In Lake
Counly, and Hiram Kennlcott, first Justice of the
Peace, performed the ceremony at the •'Mill" on
the Dos Plaines River.”
The Wright farm spanned the Des Plaines River,
and port ol it is now the Rycrson Conservation
Area in Rivorwoods. Wright died December 30.
1073 at the age of 95. His farm was In the name of'
William Whlgham on the 191G Plat Map. Ho had
married Rachel Millard in 1045.”
The first soltler In Deerfield Township was
Michael Meehan. Ho arrived in a covered wagon
drawn by two oxen and settled on Section 10 on
Telegraph Road in 1035, between Half Day Road
and Wilmol Road.” Meehan was born In 1000 at
Meath, Ireland. He married Drldgel Monahan In
1032, and emigrated to the United Slates that
same year. Ho went first to Salina, New York, and
later to Michigan, but in tho aulumn of 1035 he
came finally to Deerfield. The Indians hod not loft
the area yet, and the township was still in its
natural state. Meehan plowed the first furrow in
the township.”
Ho was relatively well slocked with provisions
when he arrived in Deerfield, for he had several
barrels of flour and a barrel of beef and pork. He
also had the cash to purchase seed, oats and
potatoes in the following spring, and he bought
the first piglet and first pair of kittens as well. He
erected a log cabin on the 225 acres that pre
empted, and the land hod not yet been surveyed
(therefore it was still government land obtained
from the Indian Treaty). Ho loft the farm for a brief
attempt at gold mining in California in 1052 but
realized the futility and quickly returned. ”
Meehan continued to work his farm until 1076
when, at the age of 60. he retired, sold his farm to
James O’Connor, a neighbor and rclatlvo and
moved to Highland Park.”
The first settler In what Is now the Village of
Deerfield was Jacob Cadwcll (or perhaps Horace
103*" »• Cadwcl1 ond Laml) arrived |n Deerfield in
Jacob Cadwcll and his wife, Ruble Rich
Cadwcll, had five sons and' two daughters: .
Madison, Philemon. Caleb, Hiram, Edwin, Rubio
Roseth and Jcrusha Rosina.” They all settled on
what is now Waukegan Road near Deerfield Road
For a time this was called ’’Cadwell Corners” but
later it was changed to ’’Deerfield Corners ” The
approximate locations of their homos Is given In
the History ol Dccrliold. by Roichelt. but those
locations are no longer contemporary. The •
7
Cadwell lands were pre-empted under one of the
pro-emptlonblllspassedafter1030(butboforolhe
Distribution Pre-emption act).”
Caleb Cadwell was appointed the first
postmaster In Deerfield In 1050.” The Cadwells
built tho first school — Cadwell School — and
Rosella was tho first teacher. The Cadv/ell School
was opened In 1840, but the Wilmol School - tho
first In the township — was opened In 1847.”
Horace Lamb came to Deerfield In 1835, tho
same year as the Cadwells. It Is not clear, actual*
ly. who was tho first to settle here. Tho Lamb property was located between what Is now
Waukegan road and tho east slough north from
the county lino Into what 13 presently tho country
club. These were later the Vetter and Parsons proparties.”
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The Wllmols, too, wero among the first settlers
Josso Wllrinot came up tho North Branch In 1034
and landed at what Is now Greenwood Avenue ”
Having stayed In Deerfield through tho winter, ho
returned In 1837 to tho east to bring his own fami*
ly and his brother, Lyman, and his family. Both
families settled west of the village along Wilmol
Road In the Deerfield Road area (none of which
existed at tho time, of course). Tho farm tho
Wilmols built was considered one of tho best and '
most productive In tho area.”
Lyman Wilmol had cloven children, six sons
and five daughters. Ho built the first school In tho
township; tho Wilmots were patrons of education.
They were also abolitionists, and operated a sta
tion on the "underground railroad” which aided
runaway slaves to escape Into Canada.” Mrs.
Clarissa Wilmol, Lyman's v/Ife, was a practical
nurse and midwife who administered to the Infirm
In the absence of the physician, and performed
some diagnostics with tho aid of a medical
manual.”
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John Klnzlc Clark was among tho first whites In
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20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. nolclioll, op. ell., p. 0-9.
23. 1910 Plat Map of lako Counly.
24. Rolcholl, op. ell., p. 109.
25. Ibid.
26. Halsoy, op. ell., p. 422.
27. nolclioll. op. ell., p. 109.
2U. I lalnos. op. ell., p. 01.
29. Ibid.
30. nolclioll, op. cll„ p. 110.
31. Ibid., p. 19.
32. Ibid., p. 30.
33. Ibid., p. 10.
34. "It was a navlgablo river at Iho time," according to Mrs.
Rulh Potlla.
35. Halsey, op. cl!., p. 425.
30. Rolcholl, op. clI., p. 107-108.
37. Ibid., p. 78-79.
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RICHARD HART
2735 FOREST GLEN TRAIL
RIVFP. WOODS. ILL. 60015 •
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Ihe Deerfield area. He was the classic bucksklnn*
ed frontiersman. His mother, a Virginian, had
been captured and raised by the Shawnee and
married an English officer at Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Clark's uncle, John Klnzle, was a noted Chicago
pioneer, and his stepfather, Jonas Clybourn, was
also numbered among Chicago’s first settlers.
John Klnzie Clark was raised with the Indians.
He had acquired their ways and was called "In
dian" Clark by settlers, but the Indians named him
"Nannlmoa," the prairie wolf. He was a skilled
hunter and a man of great endurance. He was an
express rider between Fort Wayne, Chicago and
Milwaukee, and brought supplies to Deerfield by
pack saddle. For two years, 1031-33, ho oven serv
ed as the Chicago coroner.
Clark had an Indian wife and a number of
children In Wisconsin, but lator In life married a
whllo woman. Pormclla Scott of DcKalb, and settl
ed In Deerfield. This marriage produced two
daughters, Elizabeth and Haddassah, who marrled Hobart and Walter Millen respectively.
His attempts to farm In Northflcld met with
failure. Clark was a hunter, not a farmer, and his
friends, the Indians, came to hunt and camp with
him on his farm. After he served In the Civil War,
he bought a home In Deerfield In 10G5. Ho is
buried in the Deerfield Cemetery.
Clark was the true frontiersman, apparently not
very adaptable to the agrarian transition that took
place during his lifetime. Those frontier skills
were best suited for survival In the hostile pre
settlement environment which so devastated
those lirst settlors, but they proved to have little
value In post settlement Deerfield.5'
library to read this book and find out about the
past. Sho lists among tho first settlors—given . v
here with the dale they arrived—the following: .' v>:
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Captain Wright
Jonathan Kcnnlcott
Jcsso Wllmot
Horace Lamb
Tho Cadwells
Martin Luther
Michael Meehan
Oil
Mooney
Muhlko
Lyman Wllmot
John Millen
Job Galloway
Carolan
Lancaster
Rockcnbock
James O'Connor
Fred Frltsch
Alfred Parsons
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Deerfield Town Named
In 1040 the township was called "Lo Clair.””
The Selection of a permanent name for tho
township — as distinguished from the vlllago
which was not Incorporated or named until
1903—occurred In 1849. A township meeting was
held at the home of Michael Meehan on Tc-legraph
Road. The Irish Immigrants suggested the name"Erin" for Ireland, but John Millen from Deerfield,
Massachusetts, suggested the namo "Deer
field"—noting, a3 the Indians had.observed, that
deer In abundance was a characteristic of tho
area. Tho voto was 17 lo 13 In favor of Doorflold.”
Trannportallon Sytlom
Tho early trillion* entered Lake County and
Oeerfietd via several lyr.tornn of Ingress, Tho
rivers and Lake Michigan were major elements of
the transportation system. (Tho waterways had
not been "Improved" yet by tho dredging and
channelization they later received.). Overland
transportation wa3 limited to Improved roads, and
tho railroad was not available until 1855 when
track was laid through Highland Park.
Transportation v/as Important to tho ooltlor, not
only as a means of Ingreoa but os a moans for
shipping farm products to market and for com
munication v/ith other places, primarily Chicago.
In addition, seed grain, livestock, implements,
food, clothes, medicines and supplies had to be
.brought into tho community.
Tho pioneer made the trip to Chicago, 26 mltos
Irorn Deerlield, v/ith regularity and sometimes on
loot.."One neighbor v/ould be selected to go to
Chicago to make purchases for the entire com
munity. Ox teams were used sometimes, and at
The First Families
Many settlers arrived in Oeerfietd during the
period from 1835 to 1845. In The History ol Deerticld Mrs. Reichelt has gone into the history ol a
number ol them and it is worth the trip to the
Vi. tUi'3., p. 107.
*/». tuvj.. p. i io.
40. lUicJ., P. to.
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The Ott Family
The Ott Family came to Deerlield Irorn Y/arren,
Pennsylvania, but their birthplace v/as
Baidenhcirn, Alsace. The Oil’s were related to the
Wessling and Rockenbach families. These set
tlors of German descent who migrated from
Alsace lo Deerfield obtained their land from
speculators who v/ere profiteering in the v/ake of
pre-emption, but the land was good, a "Garden of
Eden," and its value v/as certain. They built
homes along v/hal is now Sanders Road, and their
roll includes: Casper Ott, Samuel Ott, John Jacob
Ott, and John Jacob Ott, Jr., Marlin Luther, Jacob
Luther, and families named Duffy, Dose, Ste/rar*.
and Jennings. They worked their farms and
became steadfast members ol the Deerfield com
munity. lr» 1930 the On family reunion at the Deer
field Centennial celebration v/as the largest.
1
(1834) James Duffy "
Lewis Gasltleld
(1834) Androw Meier
(1835) Sloward
(1835) Ludlow
(1836) Dawson
(1835) Dorsey
(1836) Boylan
(1836) Fagan
(1837) Yoro
(1837) Mclntyro
(1039) Tull/
(1840) Roderbusch
(1041) Doyle
(1041) McCraror
(1041) Hoyt
(1042) John Jacob Ott
(1042) Philip Brand
(1043) Philip Vetter
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........*"»»io <uu i;u;u>rs in
vr°a. Tho c() , S, !’mS t0 11,0 "Noi'Ul K>,0»° Wo«l"
Gc^(l to brlj, 1 bntVn, ,?/« >0 mY UmImu Station was oxMll-
»st
ar*on ui° c,,,cr'-
'°i*cst, and to Yi™!.^001
,0 IriK,lIju,<I Bark and Luka
>o»\ la Ki'oiillv h. r U wIUl ,,a K»’:uid opera in ilio suiurado coinmunll! f?tJ,Wr .Vr U,° <*«>I of a hlgli
'Highland Sr vl °‘ L !° WomoM 1,10
nee-eon to
M proBrinii f J n °xr'5lU,S C,ub' 'v,u‘
excellent cuiAmorleuu n£vni\?»i*ol*HVSlu,ro C,lai>,cr Daughters ol*
ith its film i^?,i .!U0U (f,,r 11,030 w,,° aro eligible)
Gerfield's doslVabllNv0 *U,<1 °l,lllcal,onal work, adds to
ecsii ability as a residence place.
DEERFIELE) athletic association
yers iaCthf,n«tl^thIcti,c ARSOciation» of which Jack
cn of tho Viii tl°n jUld •sl)0n30l'»
composed of young
‘H Players7
^ who aro chaml»°» baseball and footuong suburbaii"SM?i^S.
School I« second to uono
bool Is far qinJ'i E l»SC ,?<, »8, Tbo Deurfiel<l Grammar
uuerous V-niV ? 1 -L? w iaL il was lon years ago.. The
eiiAc^s [0?,“bB3 the vicinity, such as Briergate,
irnon RldVo
u' ^ 1 hfim, lOxmoor. Oiiwontsla,
JiscL
’ i'nMS ,Ij°f;;oh- r-alco Siioro, Bob O' Link.
iliev Nonhinoo? in?01/ 1,llIn1ois' Mlss,0» ^idgo,,.Sunset
n Coimtrv Pln°i ' ? uo f* Columbian, Hunters', and Big
'it congestion UlL,iyc beautiful open spaces lliat preTiicro aro. four churches,
ono Catholic, and* three
olostanl in Deortiold ami a public library.
ho shopping facilities aro good for a village. Two
goods stores, Schells' and Oloudorf's; three grocery
anfi-a'AV' Nb,w,‘,»- M««ry (!a.in“ld1,. 8,i
mil Jh, ,
l,Cl\cr ?h01’- °r Wm. SLeinluius: tho Kuv
•shoni
1,cic,*,i,J,(l h‘,;MiL.v parlor; tlireu bar2>«ioi)s. Matt Hoffman a. Chris Sifferl's ami Scavu/./.o'.i;
ec restaurants, Bcrtolini and Lcncioni's, the Bluebird,
i “la »*">****: two confectionery stores, the Brier
ect Shoppe and tho Bluebird; two drug si ores, T. J
^!C’o„anAd
aml I[ouL’s; Coleman’s Variety
ic. an A. and 1. store; fruit store; two tailors and
™Svf\ Ylln1C0,lt Silveri ami North Shore Cleaners: the
n/iCTu«n-a iC1;Vr' t1.W0 1.,lun,ljh,kr and heating establishn .s, william H, Us'Toil's and Milton kraut/.; two elecshops, William Seiler’s, and William Desmond’s; one
varo store, thill of .lack Not/.; one riminco ami tin
./ohn .1. McMahon's; two garages, Knaak'n and Bote
rcn<l s; four real cslato and liisurauce oMlccs. Charles
iscliull's, Frank Russo’s, Foxworlhy's, and Vnnt and
gs; one delicatessen and confectionery or FdwarU
tmolil: three nurseries, lvottrascli Bros., Franlcon
s. and F. D. Clavoy; two lumber and coal companies.
Deerfield Lumber Company. Tho Mercer Lumber Co
tlie Lake County Coal and Material Company- tho
0 oil station; tho Standard Oil Company plant; the
rAcid Interior Finish Company; Tho DcorlleliU Slate
k; Tho Deerfield Chevrolet Sales Company; Tlio BuCoiislrucllou Co»‘»mny (water mains and sowors);
Kapscliul Da'-lo Construction Company (roads and
ng); Tho Po-ry Konst Battery Shop: a number of
tors and decorators. Ross Sherman. MeCIarvio. WilKrcli, Builders, Kd. Sogert, John Huhn. It. 10. and
. Bettis, A. I. Johnson, Alex Taylor. Cashmoro. Tliilo
, Frank .labohs. C. B. Foxworthy. W. Altkcu; tivo
drillers. L/neoln Pettis, and Alvin Moyer; two hricks. the Illinois and tho National; Lliroo piano teachers,
ices Bledcrsladt. Mrs. C. C. Bettis, Bertha Weiss;'
•'s Music Shop, for radios and piano tuning;
ik's Music Store, for pianos, radios and victrolas;
Hotel Deerfield; Tlio Herman Frost Newspaper
icy and pool room; ono sowing machlno agency, that
. I-I. MuMko; two sowor contractors, Howard Stryker
Gcovatf Burnett: Arcliio Antes, sign painlor; • Ira
, edan’it contractor; Kurl Frost, concrete blocks;
x -l. He's Deerfield Filling Station; Ira Hole's Dcerl
raised 1 Company; Tho PaxlorcL (.'onstrnelion Com1 and lining contractors aro Ccorgo Botlls, Fred
o mon or Wolf. August Huolil; a shoo ropalrlag
ark con Tnnlnlon): a Deerfield bakery; a millioncage) tint (Call llDlt); two band leaders, H. 10.
known'rank Russo. Among the dairy companies
r in CXisorvIco In Deerfield arc tho Bowman Hoh-
rnim
following Horn:
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ao, x j
t (, jiad tho
board will redistrict township
A ...
<■« «ot Now lVoalnct at Supervisor,. Moat
According to .Schedule—Action on
Waukegan Delayed
Ita.lroad traded ,l°ad a,,d tho
St. Paul
orVl!«tn^r217A,,,,U,a.t 1>art oC Wcat Doorfieid lyliig south
it SV A. na and west of tho railroad tracks?
«.r 11.0 Viit uay"iK.,,arl ot WosL Duol'"l!,d ly"'s ,lorl"
‘‘UNDERGROUND RAILROAD” ACTIVITIES
The first real Information of Andrew Jackson, the run.
away slave. Samuel Ott Imparts to tills generation In tho
winter of 1858 a mulatto, about 28 years of age. came to he
home of Lyman Wilmot, tlio Abolitionist, at night Yla the
IJiidergrbund Hallway,’* from Mississippi. Tho lake was
r »/0M. so the black man could not bo scut across to Canada
therefore ho had been taken to Deerfield. Mr 'Wilmot
brought tho slave to tho Lorenz Ott homo
0t
so that tho children could go to school. to do tho chores,
keeping a runaway slave was against llin law imt *i,A
Abolitionists felt Unit they wero In tho right by disobeying
an unjust law Andrew Jackson's father was u whlto man*
II i “mi'o1 tCt mm 1 H. fnthcr'u plantation where ho saw his
uliito sis lei s. the plantation owner was more lenient to
ns son than to his other slaves, and Andrew learned more
than hill companions, therefore Hie desire to be free so
uvarcjuiin the lad Unit it led him to attempt to escape, but
bloodhounds (rucked him, and ho was brought back. In
Ids second attempt at freedom he was successful, and lie
crossed the Ohio River, where lie was sent on his journey
north.
!
by tlio tliiirty farmer. WIioii spring came, and tlio roads
w' Alu,l'uw Ja°k«on prepared to leave. Lorenz
Ht made him a now suit, and gavo him money for boat
fare, and Lyman Wilmot
took him
to Chicngo, wlicro he
..
.
escaped
to...
Canada. After
.
roachlng tlio slaves’ liaycn. Ail•iIuMvrlto °or° hiS ,,crneracl.oraf wh0 fiad taught him to read
and wi ito, of his safe arrival, and that was tho last that
they over heard of him. Samuel Ott was fourteen years of
ago at the time, and he recalls much that the negro did
wnile here.
From another source it is learned that the slave, An' !i! «i!? <Si°rn'*! cacapo wna Ifianncd bccauso ho had been
My Id ml master round It necessary to sell me. None
sold
•C the siaves were given any education as our masters
thought that we would rebel or outwit thorn, But a friend
told mo that the sun rises In tho east and sets in the west
and that as ono goes further south It gets warmer, and
going norlli It gets colder, Willi tills information only. I
decided
to run away. I was soon captured for my inaster
, ,
had discovered my absenco soon artcr I left, and had sent
“r,,S ?rtcr„nur Whcn taking mo hack to tlio planta-
lion my captor (led my arms with a rope, which was
u.'miC,T l° iU,° JlfJrSL‘- and made mo walk In front of. him.
I d
1 W0S0^t•,(, 11,0 roi,° and talked along as If
I Nvcio not trying to escape. Soon I noticed that my master
was sleeping, so I dropped the rope, and Jumped Into the
woods. Most of the tlmo I hid during tho day. and often
“y
wore so close to my hiding place that I could
hear my master giving directions to them.
Several times I was without rood for a number of days.
Many
limes
f ale raw
ii
.
taken from a field wlion I nassed
.0no lIn,° 1 r°II in a barrel when I was looking
foi food, and oven though I hurt my. hip sovoroly I maif
safely hidden, ale I hem. These
ran,- and when
-
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Grave of Lyman and Clarissa Wllmot
in Deerfield Cemetery
V.
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�WILMOT SCHOOL HISTORY
f
On March 3,
1845 Lyman and Clarissa
Wilmot deeded one quarter acre of land
at the northwest corner (corner of
Wilmot and Deerfield Roads today)
of their farm for .a school,
first Wilmot School
The
(a township,
not a village school) opened in
1847 with Rosella Cadwell as the
firs.t teacher.
According to the deed (which, by
the way,
tg
is still in the possession
of the district,
^
kept in a bank vault),
the land for Wilmot School reverts back
■SIP
asisfltsi
to the heirs if it is used for any
purpose other than a school or if the
land remains vacant for three years.
The first schoolhouse was built by Lyman Wilmot of logs.
It is said that tHe school had to face south so that Mrs. Wilmot
could see the children enter the building.
Does the door that the fourth graders use today face
south?
A second schoolhouse was made of rough boards and had a
dirt floor.
The third building, built in 1858, burnt to the
ground before it could be used.
A fourth structure was built
immediately using the same foundation,
This building still
exists today
1 .as part of a house at 294 Kenmore Avenue.
(It was first moved to the corner of Pine Street and
Deerfield Road and later moved to Kenmore.)
In 1904,
the fifth building was completed,
frame, one-room structure.
This was a
It, too, is still standing....
as part of the Schmitt house at 1660 Deerfield Road.
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Wilrnot School, Deerfield,» Illinois
/ 0*7-T
�LYMAN WILMOT HOUSE
And Why It Will Not Be On The National Register
In the summer of 1994 my wife and I, together with our daughter and her husband, bought
die Lyman Wilmot House at 601 Wilmot Road in Deerfield.
From die beginning I was intrigued with the unique property because of its age and the
historic importance of the Wilmot family, who were very prominent in the early
development of Deerfield.
It was my hope to gain acceptance of the house and coach house on the National Register
of Historic Places. To that end I researched the history of the property and the Wilmot
family. Unfortunately, there was little about the house available except numerous
references to the fact that the original structure—still inside the present house somewheredated from 1840, making it, I believe, the oldest occupied building in Lake County. I
hoped some old photos of die buildings might become available, but none did.
I had much more success in developing information about the Wilmot family. Because of
my interest and experience in genealogy I was able to trace die Wilmot family back seven
generations to the year 1637 when the first Wilmot came to America from England.
I also located and corresponded with a number of Wilmots around the country, several
closely connected to die Deerfield family, who sent me interesting information and
encouraged my National Register quest.
But, alas, it is not to be! I was done in by siding—that and two extensions added to the
house at unknown times in the past. These revisions, it was judged, changed the character
of the structure too much to meet the National Register criteria (despite some early touches
to be seen—a field stone foundation, several hand-hewn beams in the cellar, and the initials
of one of Lyman Wilmot’s sons scratched in on an old window pane over a hundred years
ago). The later siding was the biggest problem. The National Register, it seems, takes a
dim view of modem siding.
One of die criteria taken into account in assessing a property’s qualifications for listing in
the National Register is the historic importance of the occupants. Lyman Wilmot and his
wife were significant in the early development of Deerfield. He was a community leader
and an office holder. They were ardent supporters of the Union and opened their home as
a station on the Underground Railway, harboring escaped slaves. In addition, they
donated the land at Wilmot Road and Deerfield Road for Deerfield’s first school, which
bears their name and where they both served, he as superintendent and she as a teacher.
It was my hope that the historic importance of the Wilmots would be enough to overcome
whatever problems the house presented, and I believe I would have been successful had
not previous owners of the property “modernized” so much.
But in 155 years what else could one reasonable expect?
I have given the Society a copy of the information I developed on the property.
Richard Hart
Riverwoods, Illinois
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy of book by a resident of the Wilmot House with historical information about the house and the owner's attempt to get the house registered as a National Historic Place. Handwritten note indicates that this copy was received from the Lake County Discovery Museum on 5 Feb 2002.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hart, Richard
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Hart, Richard
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
06/1995
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.026
A. Stapleton
Abolition
Abolitionism
Abolitionists
Abraham Lincoln
Adelia H. Wilmot Gutzler
Adelia Wilmot
Adelia Wilmot Gutzler
Agriculturalists
Ague
Albert B. Steele
Albrights
Alderson Brothers
Alfred Parsons
Alonzo Cook
Alsace
Alvin W. Knaak
American Civil War
American Civil War Battle of Old Lake Louisiana
American Civil War Union Army Enrolling Officer
Amos Flint
Amos Wilmot
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Meier
Andrew Meler
Andrew S. Wells
Anesthetics
Anna L. Hoffman
Anna L. Hoffman Gutzler
Anna Lydia Gutzler
Anna Lydia Gutzler Himmel
Anthony Sullivan
Anti-Slavery
Anti-Slavery Activities
Antiwar Sentiment
Apple Parings
Argonne Forest France
Arthur J. Ender
Asahel Talcott
Asahel Wilmot
Auburn Hair
Aztec Club
b.F. Washburn
Baldenheirn Alsace Germany
Bancroft
Bartholomew Boylan
Bartlett
Benjamin Marks
Betsy Clauson
Betsy Clauson Wilmot
Betsy Crawford
Betsy Crawford Wilmot
Bible
Bicentennial History of Deerfield
Billy Ott
Boone County New York
Boylan
Bradley
Breastpin
Bridget Monahan Meehan
Broome County New York
Buffalo New York
Buffalo Trails
Business Woman
Butter
C. Augenstein
C. Kopp
Cadwell
Cadwell Corners
Cadwell School
Caleb Cadwell
California
California Gold Rush
Calvinist Church
Camp Douglas
Canada
Canoes
Cape Horn
Captain McCaul's Shield Guards
Captain Wright
Carolan
Caroline Wright Whigham
Carolyn Becker
Carriages
Carroll County Missouri
Casper Ott
Cattleman
Chagres River
Chargres Harbor
Charles Gutzler
Charles Levi Gutzler
Chicago Coroner
Chicago Courthouses
Chicago Illinois
Chicago River North Branch
Christian Antes
Christian Jaquet
Christian Lintner
Christian M. Willman
Clarissa Dwight
Clarissa Dwight Wilmot
Clarissa Wilmot
Clark Knights
Coach House
Colesville New York
Colorado
Colorado State Legislature
Confederate Army
Connecticut
Cook County Illinois
Copperheads
Corn Huskings
Country Physician
Countryman
Cow
Crown Hill Cemetery
Cuba Township Illinois
Dailey
Daniel Wright Jr.
Davis C. Steele
Dawson
Dedham Massachusetts
Deerfield Area Historical Society
Deerfield Argonauts
Deerfield Assessor
Deerfield Centennial Celebration
Deerfield Corners
Deerfield Filling Station
Deerfield Garden Apartments
Deerfield Historic Village
Deerfield Historical Cemetery
Deerfield Historical Map
Deerfield Illinois
Deerfield Massachusetts
Deerfield Our Athenian Club (OAC)
Deerfield Postmaster
Deerfield Public Library
Deerfield School
Deerfield Town Hall Meetings
Deerfield Township
Deerfield Township Post Office
Deerfield Village Store
DeKalb Illinois
Delta County Colorado
Dennis Lancaster
Denver Colorado
Denver University
Denver University Preparatory Department
Deputy United States Marshall
Des Plaines River
Diphtheria
District Schools
Dorsey
Dose
Doyle
Duffy
Dwight
Dwight Porter Wilmot
E.J. Ginter
Edwin Cadwell
Edwin Kittell
Eggs
Eglon Washington
Electa Hoyt
Electa Hoyt Bennett
Eliab Gifford
Elijah M. Haines
Elisha Gridley
Elizabeth Clark Millen
Elizabeth Gutzler
Elizabeth Gutzler Stryker
Elizabeth Luther
Elizabeth Luther Wilmot
Ella Wilmot
Ellen Eliza Wilmot
Ellen Eliza Wilmot Kittell
Elmer E. Miller
Emma Hall
Emmett Post Office
England
Epidemic Diseases
Erastus Bailey
Erin
Erwin B. Messer
Eugene B. Payne
Eva P. Vant Wilmot
Evangelical Association Church
Evangelical Association Church Des Plaines Conference District
Evangelical Association Church of North America
Evangelical Association Churchyard
Evangelical Church
Evanston Illinois
Evergreen Colorado
Fagan
Farm Hand
Father Marquette
First Presbyterian Church
Flatboat
Fleet as a Deer: History of the Deerfield Post Office
Flint Creek
Flour
Flour Prices
Flouring Mill
Fort Sheridan Army Station
Fort Wayne Indiana
France
Frances Willard
Francis McGovern
Frank Herbert Gutzler
Fred Fritsch
Fred H. Meyer
Frederick Muhlke
Frey Farm
Frontiersman
Genealogical Records
Geneva Illinois
George Arnold
George Brand
George Escher
George Gridley
George Henry Gutzler
George Messner
George Murray Skinker
George Stanger
George Stryker
George Truitt
German
German Methodist Church
Gerstheim Alsace Germany
Gersthelm Germany
Glenview Press
Gold
Golden Gate
Golden Wedding Anniversaries
Grace Flint
Graceland Cemetery
Graduate Nurses
Grand Army of the Republic
Grand Prairie
Grandchildren
Great Chicago Fire
Greenhouse
Greenwood New York
Gretel Gutzler
Haddassah Clark Millen
Hand-Hewn Beams
Handwritten Notes
Hannah Bunnel Wilmot
Hannah Wilmot
Harriet Emma Gutzler
Harriet Emma Gutzler Miller
Harriet Wilmot
Hastings Subdivision
Hattie Gutzler
Hattie Gutzler Miller
Hay Loft
Heavy Timberland
Henry B. Steele
Henry County Illinois
Henry Gutzler
Henry Place
Henry S. Vail
Henry Walton
Henry Wells
Henry Wessling
Highland Park Alderman
Highland Park Illinois
Highland Park Mayor
Highland Park Post Office
Highwaymen
Highwood Academy
Hillsdale College
Hillsdale Michigan
Hiram Cadwell
Hiram Kennicott
Hiram R. Bennett
Historical and Statistical Sketches of Lake County
Historical Encylopedia of Illinois and History of Lake County
History of Deerfield
History of Lake County
History of the United Evangelical Church
Hobart J. Millen
Hobart Millen
Hodgkiss Colorado
Holcomb
Hood
Hoopole Grove Illinois
Hooppole Illinois
Horace Lamb
horses
Hoyt
Humeston Iowa
Hunter
Illinois
Illinois Republican Party
Iowa
Irish
Israel Dwight
J. Wesley Speelman
J.M. Washburn
Jacob Albright
Jacob C. Antes
Jacob Cadwell
Jacob Himmel
Jacob J. Escher
Jacob Luther
Jacob Miller
Jacob Ott
Jacques Marquette
James Chambers
James Duffy
James H. Fritsch
James Hamilton
James Mooney
James O'Connor
Jane McCartney
Janesville Wisconsin
Jasper Ott
Jennie C. McCulloch
Jennie C. McCulloch Vail
Jennings
Jerusha Rosina Cadwell
Jess Wilmot
Jesse Wilmot
Job Galloway
John A. Mills
John Alderson
John Cochran
John Dwight
John Easton
John Forke
John Gridley
John Halsey
John Hettinger
John J. Welch
John Jacob Escher
John Jacob Ott
John Jacob Ott Jr.
John Jacob Ott Sr.
John King
John Kinzie
John Kinzie Clark
John Matthews
John Millen
John Peterman
John Streicher
John Stryker
John T. Gridley
Joliet Illinois
Jonas Clybourn
Jonathan Kennicott
Jonathan Rice
Joseph Flint
Josephine Woodman
Josephine Woodman Maternity Home
Justice of the Peace
Knights of the Golden Circle
Lake County Board of Supervisors
Lake County Discovery Museum
Lake County Historical Archives
Lake County Illinois
Lake County Museum
Lake County Museum Archives
Lake County Transportation Systems
Lake Forest Illinois
Lake Michigan
Lamb
Lambs' Farm
Lancaster
Lancasterville Illinois
Land Buying Business
Land Surveys
Law and Order League
Le Clair Township Illinois
Leadville Colorado
Lebanon County Pennsylvania
Levi Davis Wilmot
Lewis Beecher
Lewis Gastfield
Libertyville Illinois
Life Insurance Business
Linens
Literary Society
Little Alice Mine
Little Jonny Mine
Lizzie Scholes
Lizzie Scholes Wilmot
Log Cabin
Loly Wilmot
Lorenz Ott
Loretta Heman
Louis Gastfield
Loyal Legion
Ludlow
Luther
Lutheran Church
Lydia Gutzler
Lydia Gutzler Himmel
Lyman H. Wilmot
Lyman Willis Gutzler
Lyman Wilmot
Madeson O. Cadwell
Madison Cadwell
Madison O. Cadwell
Magnus Tait
Margaret Elizabeth Hetzel
Margaret Elizabeth Hetzel Gutzler
Marie Ward Reichelt
Martin Luther
Martin Stanger
Mary Elizabeth Gutzler
Mary Elizabeth Gutzler Stryker
Mary Gutzler
Mary Gutzler Jaquet
Mary Louise Stryker
Mary Louise Stryker Gutzler
Mary Tweed
Mary Tweed Gutzler
Mary Wilmot
Mary Wilmot Bennett
Masonic Order A O Fay Lodge No. 676
Maternity Home
Mathias Horenberger
Mathias Mason
Matthew Hoffman
McCrarer
McIntyre
McIntyres and Tullys
Meath Ireland
Meehan
Meehan Settlement
Mexican American War
Mexico
Mexico City Mexico
Michael Dawson
Michael Fagan
Michael Gutzler
Michael Meehan
Michael Mehan
Michael Yore
Michigan
Midwife
Mike Schoelle
Milk
Mill Creek
Milwaukee Wisconsin
Minnie E. Vining Wilmot
Miranda C. Adams
Miranda C. Adams Wilmot
Mississippi
Mississippi River
Missouri
Moderator
Monterey California
Moody Rowd
Mooney
Moses Putney
Mount Vernon Iowa
Mr. Alderson
Mr. Brand
Mr. Gross
Mr. Hess
Mrs. Albert Hagi
Mrs. C.L. Rockenback
Mrs. Critchley
Mrs. Fred Bleimehl
Mrs. Fred H. Meyer
Mrs. Fute
Mrs. Gutzler
Mrs. Lange
Mrs. Lewis Todd
Mrs. Lyman Wilmot
Mrs. P.J. Gutzler
Mrs. Richard Steele
Mrs. Stryker
Mrs. Theodore Taylor
Mrs. Wessling
Mrs. Wilmot
Muhlke
Myrtle Estelle Gutzler
Myrtle Estelle Gutzler Skinker
Nanimoa
Naperville Illinois
National Register of Historic Places
Native Americans
Nelson C. Hall
New Berlin Pennsylvania
New York
Newberry
Newberry Library
Newport Illinois
Newspaper Clippings
Newton Bateman
Nicaragua
Nicholas Miller
Niles Illinois
Nora May Fuller
Nora May Fuller Gutzler
Norfolk New York
North Northfield Cemetery
Northern Illinois
Northern Illinois Republican Party
Northfield Cemetery
Northfield Evangelical Association Church
Northfield Illinois
Northwestern College
Northwestern University
O'Plain Cemetery
O'Plain Church
Ocean Voyages
Offensive Language
Office
Ohio River
Olive Smith
Olive Smith Wilmot
Orman Rockenbach
Otsego Post Office
Ott
Our Athenian Club (OAC)
P. Gutzler
P.J. Gutzler
Panama
Panama Canal
Parmelia Scott Clark
Parsons' Farm
Patrick Carolan
Peggy Pollard
Peleg Sunderlin
Pennsylvania
Pere Marquette
Peter Luther
Philemon Cadwell
Philip Brand
Philip Gutzler
Philip J. Gutzler
Philip Jacob Gutzler
Philip Lehman
Philip Ott
Philip Vedder
Philip Vetter
Physician
Physicians
Pioneers
Placer Mining
Pony Express Rider
Port Clinton Illinois
Porter
Portrait and Biographical Album of Lake County
Pottawatomie Native American Tribe
Practical Nurse
Prairie
Prairie Fire
Prairie Settlers
Prairie Wolf
Prairies
Prentiss Hall
Prophets Town Illinois
Protestantism
Public Office
Pyncheon
Rachel Millard
Rachel Millard Wright
Racist Language
Radium Colorado
Railroad
Ranches
Ransom Steele
Ravenswood Chicago Illinois
Raymond A. Nelson
Raymond Gutzler
Reformed Lutheran Church
Republican Party
Rev. Goessle
Rev. Himmel
Rev. Hoeffert
Rev. Hoess
Rev. Laegler
Richard Hart
Richard Hofstadler
Richard Steele
Ripon College
River Claims
Rivers
Riverwoods Illinois
Robert Bennett
Robert Dygert
Robert Easton
Robert Young
Rockenbach
Rockenback
Roderbusch
Rosella Cadwell
Roswell O. Wilmot
Roswell Rose
Rubie Rich Cadwell
Rubie Rosella Cadwell
Ruby Wedding Anniversaries
Rural Free Delivery
Ruth Pettis
Ruth Wright
Ryerson Conservation Area
S.L.
Sacramento California
Salina New York
Salome Gutzler
Samuel Dickover
Samuel Ott
Samuel P. Hutchison
San Francisco California
Santa Cruz California
Sarah A. Gutzler
Sarah A. Gutzler Speelman
Sarah A. Hodgkins
Sarah A. Hodgkins Wilmot
Sarah Esther Hunter
Sarah Esther Hunter Wilmot
Sarah Porter Dwight
Sarah Rapp
Sarah Rapp Gutzler
Sawmill
Schmitt
Scott Saxton College of Elocution
Seattle Washington
Shawnee Native American Tribe
Sheldon Sullens
Shields Township Illinois
Shop
Silas Brand
Silks
Singing Schools
Skokie Marsh
Sons of the American Revolution
South Chicago Illinois
South Dakota
Spelling Bees
Springfield Illinois
St. Johns Illinois
St. Mary's of the Woods Cemetery
St. Patrick's Cemetery
St. Paul Minnesota
Stanger Grove Illinois
Stanger Tavern
Steamboat
Stephen B. Wilmot
Sterling Illinois
Steuben County New York
Steward
Stewart
Stock Business
Stone Foundation
Sugar
Sun Porch
Sundhausen Alsace Germany
Survey Plat
Taxes
Temperance Advocate
Texas
The American Republic
The Turnleys
Thomas Ballard
Thomas Mooney
Timberland
Town Meeting Moderator
Trader's National Bank
Trustee of Schools
Tully
Turnley's Narrative from Diaries
Typhoid Fever
Underground Railroad
Union Army 37th Illinois Infantry Company C
Union Army 37th Illinois Infantry Company F
Union Army 38th Wisconsin Infantry Company D
Union Army 45th Illinois Infantry
Union Army 45th Illinois Infantry Company I
Union Army 47th Illinois Infantry
Union Army 51st Illinois Infantry Company G
Union Army 55th Illinois Infantry
Union Army 55th Illinois Regiment
Union Army 65th Illinois Infantry Company F
Union Army Bounty
Union County Pennsylvania
Union League
Union Rifle Guards
United Evangelical Church
United States
United States Army Quartermaster's Department
United States Congress
United States Marshall Service Northern Illinois District
United States of America
Utah
V.H. Freeman
Vedder Farm
Vermont
Vernon Township
Vincent's Grist Mill
Virgil Wilmot
Virginia
Wagons
Walter H. Millen
Walter Kittell
Walter Millen
Warren Henry Wilmot
Warren Illinois
Warren Pennsylvania
Water Cure Treatments
Water tank
Waterways
Wauconda Illinois
Waukegan Illinois
Wessling
West Deerfield Township
West Deerfield Township Supervisor
West Deerfield Township Treasurer
Wheat Farmer
Wheeling Illinois
Whig Party
William Carl Ott
William E. Sunderlin
William Easton
William Green
William T. Sherman
William Whigam
Willis
Wilmot Elementary School
Wilmot Road
Wilmot School
Wilmot School Agreement
Wilmot School Board of Education
Windsor New York
Wisconsin
World War I
Wright
Wright Farm
Y of A Waukegan Council
Yore
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Portrait and biographical album of Lake County, Illinois. Containing Hill page ports, and
Title:
biographical sketches of prominent and representative citizens of the county, together
with ports, and biographies of all the Presidents of the United States and Governors^
the State.
Lake City Pub. Co.,
Publisher:
1891.
Date:
Description: 792, [4] p. : illus., ports. ; 28 cm.
Lake County (111.) —Biography.
Subject:
Co-Author: Lake City Publishing Co. (Chicago)
Holdings
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Fremont Public Library District: R Local History 977.321 POR
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Lake Forest Library: CASE 3/920/POR
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Angelina, wife of M fibster CaftUc. of j: ueccsjinry improve menu for successfully engaging
i nrnugton. III.; .lames, our subject, and S. B„
in agricultural pursuits arc there fotnid. Mo is nn
. industrious and busy man. yet gives some of bis
k is ti.arricrl and lives in Aurora. 111.
, A general account of the early life of any farmer | lime to public interests, lie ha? served ns a men.
lad who was reared under the parental roof in a j ber of the School Board, is a stanch Republican in
• jonticr county would not differ material ly from j politics, an ardent advocate of Urn. permwe pviuciihe boyhood of our subject. Ten summers had ! pics, and himself and wife :irc mcin!^ of the
passed over h.s hesd when lie came to Illinois. In i Methodist Cluudi at Gages Uke.
the schools of Ohio, Du Page and Lake Counties j
Seven children have been born unto Mr. and
he acquired his education, and in A8G0, he was j■ Mrs. Taylor, live of whom ate living: Klbcrt. born
joined in wedlock with Miss L'etalia Miltimore, a j .January 29, 18G2, married K'.ln Waugh, and wn«
native of this county, mid a daughter of Aaron
killed by the cars at. Kenosha Crossing. March II,
ami Polly 1 Bridge) M» Hi more, who were born, | 1**4, while serving as telegraph operator. Ills
reared and married in Vermont. Subsequently j widoxv reshles i.. Stevens Point, Wis: lle.it v, who
»ocy became residents of New Vork, whence they | was born January l.V 1X(J I. manied .Miss lRjc
came to this county at an early day. In Avon j Boyce and ruble* on the home farm; Lucy, born
Township they settled in 1639, and opened up a j in 1*C>G, is Die wife of Stephen Voum; ofValley
farm, continuing its cultivation until Mr. Milti- : County. Xeb.. by whom she has one chiM; Abner,
more's death which occurred in 1800. He was a ( horn September Kl. 1*07, Grace, in 1X7:3, and
millwright am! carpenter by trade but abandoned j Frank, in 1882, arc at home. Mr. Taylor has been
that occupation on his arrival in the West. II,s | an eye witness of the greater pan of Lake County’*
wife survived him twenty-eight year* and died in
growth and prosperity, lie has seen the intnnlucAVaukegr.n in 1878. They were parents of nine i lion of railroad* and the l ransformation t»f the
children, hut only two are now living: Lucretia, j wild prairie land into rich and fertile farms, while
n.fool A. Douglas, died in Warren township, in
the cabin homes are replaced by substantial real
December, 1369; Harvey is married and makes his deuces. When he first came here there ty ere no
bum* in Waukegan; Elbert and Alfred, twins, market facilities of any importance in ibecounty,
died at the agg of one year; Caroline, wife of I aud the work of civilization and progress seemed
Curtis Peck, died in Ft. .Scott, Kan., February 12, j hardly begun. He has cheerfully home hi.' xharc
1<S86, aged fifty-two years; Alonzo, who enlisted in j In promoting its iinterests and is a valued citizen
Waukegan in 1864, in the Ninety-sixth Illinois
of Warren Township.
Infantry for the remainder of the service, died i
while on his way to the front to Join his regiment; I
------- <-——
.Marietta died of typhoid fever nl the age of fifteen
years; Mrs. Taylor is the next younger, and Har
riet, wife of Alvin Gilbert, died in Avon town
|T
} MAN \\ ll,Ml>l\ Who for Mfty-onc years
ship, in February, 1887.
I
has been a resident and lead in*/ farmer of
Mr XR-vlor
fur ** **"'«* 1" '««•». #»<'
L4 the town ..I Deerfield, eh,i,„5 New York »,
was engaged on garrison duty. He also acted as
tin* state of bis nativity Tim place of bta birtli is
nurse in n hospital at Cleveland, Ten... lie was
j„ the town of Colesville. It,-........ County.
the
drafted into the rwelftl. Illinois Infantry, ami as- -late is July 22, ItiUO. liis parent.,- were Jesse ami
signed to Company D. and at the close of the war Hannah (Hunncl) Wiln^t, Mb natives of Con..as honorably •tiuliarg*' July 10. I8Gi. tin his uecticut. His father was bon, AneaH.I. 177.1 an,I
return, he one. more resumed farming i„ Fremont diet! in Colesville. X. V.. Ue.ober I!,. ,«io. Ills
Tow.,si,Ip, subsequently removing to H'.alven wife, horn June I... 177G- ,lie«l In IMS
They
Township. He owns 146 aces of valuable Ian,I were the parents of live sons „„,l one .laughter
furnished with two set. of buildings and all the I The so,., made the remarkable record of having a„
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'
197
second of that name, was born December 20, 1836,
Jived to celebrate their golden weddings, while one,
and became the aife of Philip Glitzier July 29,
the subject of this sketch, lifts celebrated liia ruby
18.r>7. lie is numbered among the early settlers of
wedding or the sixtieth anniversary of bis mar
Deerfield Township and is now deceased. His
riage. .Stephen B.. the eldest of the five brothers,
widow resides in Denver, Col. Levi Davis, born
was born February 20, 179$, married Mis? Betsy
Clauson, and died March 14, 1 b77. at the oge Of January 1, 1839, married Sarah A. Hodgkins and
seventy.nine years; Loly, the only daughter, was | resides at Hodgkiss, Delta County, Col. He was
born November 23, 1799, and died July 14, 1801; also a soldier of the Utc war, enlisting on the
Amos, born March 3, 1803, wedded Betsy Craw. 16th of July, 1851, in the Forty.seventh Illinois In
fan try, was wounded at the battle of Old Lake, La.,
ford, and died ill 1878, nt the age of seventy-six
being crippled for life, and was mustered out at
years; Asahcl was born March 21, 1804, married
Springfield, 111., in October, 1864. Lyman II., born
Olive Smith, and died in St. Paul, Minn., in March,
in Deerfield, III., April 25, 1841, is single and re
lbb&„ at the age of eighty*four, having long boon
sides on the old homestead. Mary, born July 2,
r» practicing physician; Lyman is now' eighty1813, was joined in wedlock May 10, 1865, with
live years of ago; Jesse, the youngest, was born
Ilham R. Bennett, and resides near Denver, Col.
September 13, 1810, chose for a wife Elizabeth
(See sketch cf Mr. Bennett’s family, who were
Luther, and is now living at the age of eighty-one
among the early settlers of Lake County), Harriet,
years in Carroll County, Mo.
born June 28, 1845, and died when thirteen and
I.ymnn Wihnoi, whose name heads this record,
one-half months old. Roswell O., born July 12,
having lost his father when a child of four years.
•ind his mother being in poor circumstances, wa?
1817, was married November 20, 1870, to Mias
Miranda C. Adams, and resides in Hodgkiss, Delta
obliged to leave home nt the early age of ten and
County, Col. Dwight Porter, born August 1C,
make his own way in the world. He began as s
farm bond. He was obliged to work hard, enjoyed
l$49, married JLI«»0 Scholes, June 9, 1881, and
resides in Evergreen, Col. lie wa3 tiie late repre
few comforts and no luxuries. His educational
sentative to tbo Colorado Legislature Ellen Eliza,
advantages wen; limited to a few mouths’attendance
born January 19, 1852, was married December 10,
nt the district schools in tho winter season. When
1876, to Edwin Ivittell. and their home is now in
lie arrived at the age of twenty-live he found that
South Chicago. Warren Ifonry, born October G,
he had accumulated enough of this world's goods
1856, Is now a resident of l)eer6cld, and bis sketch
to sot up a home for himself and was married March
17, 1831, in his native town to Miss Clarissa
is given elsewhere in this work. The children
Dwight, a daughter of Israel and Sarah (Porter; older than Lytflan H. were born in New York and
Dwight. She whs born in Windsor, BroomoCour.iy, those younger in Deerfield.
N. Y„ June 18, 1812, and is a lineal descendant of
Mr. Wilmot was engaged in farming in the town
John Dwight of Dedham, Mass., the founder of the of Greenwood, Steuben County, N. Y., until 1837,
when leaving Ids family, he first came to Lake
prominent New England family of that name
Mr. and Mrs. Wilmot have been blessed with a \ County on a prospecting tour, arriving at his deshuge family, numbering six sons and five dauglidilation on the 20th of May. Jesse, his younger
ters: Virgil, the eldest, was born June 9, 1834, in
brother, bad preceded him to this county in 1835,
Greenwood, Steuben County, N. V„ married Sarah ■ and had located (n what is now the town of I>oerKstlier Hunter nod resides in Humoston, Iowa. He ' field. Mr. Wilmot visited his brother and traveled
served in the I'nion Army in toe late war as a 1 oyer Northern Illinois for several months and in
member of ihc Forty-fifth Illinois Regiment, en- 1 November following returned to New York. In
listing October 5, 1861. lie was under Sherman J the fall of 1840, he emigrated from that $ut« to
in b'S march to Hie sen, and was mustered out in ; Lake County with bis family, coming by team to
December, 1864. Adelin, bom November l, 183d, I Buffalo where be transferred the teams to a steam,
died November 8. of the same year. Adelia, the i boat and took passage for Chicago. Arriving at
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t,mt IHM't. they drove to Dcorfleld. their future home, j of his own application has obtained an education
Ti February*. 1841. be purchased one hundred and
which fined him for the practical life l»t has led.
sixty acres of wild land, to which he afterwards
lie made farming his life-work, ami met with a
added until ho. now has two hundred and fort/
aigunl success in that direction. in politics he has
PCI 08.
IL's farm is largely prairie and is situated
always been a stanch Democrat, lmt never an mliooOn section 32, where he has made his home for the
seeker, although lie has always exercised his right
past fifty.one years. It is considered one of the
of franchise, He is a member of the Episcopal
most valuable farms in Deerfield, and the owner is
Church, ns was also his wife. Mr*. Johnson U :i V
one of the most successful and leading agriculturists horn on Staten Island, March 15. Ib’01. and died
of Lake County. 111 political sentiment he is an in December, 18G7, nl the age of $i,\U*.M.\ u.?u>.
earnest Republican. In early life he was an noli*
Their children avo as follows: .John Ik. n druggist
slavery Whig and was in full accord with the orig
of Kansas: Klira Ann, who is the widow of John
inal Abolitionists He lest his vote at the pros!Hodinc, and resides on Staten Island: Theresa and
doniinl election of 1840 by reason of his removal
Sarah M. both deceased: Louisa, wife of L K.
to the West that year. When the Republican party
Reed, a h.iukei of M. Paid. Minn., |\t.T of this
w as organized lie was 0110 of those who took part sketch; Henrietta, whose home is in Kansas; Nirlmin its formation in Northern Illinois. He has never
iris A., who is engaged m farming and carpentering
’•ecu it seeker for public office and has served only
in Batavia, ML; and Albeit, deceased,
in minor local positions lie was Moderator at the
Peter Johnson has been a resident of Illinois
first town meeting held in Deerfield, and has served
since his tenth year. In 1M4J the family t.:imc
a$ Assessor for that town. During the draft ho
West, traveling b) canal, railroad and the
accepted the veiy unpopular position of enrolling
They patted through Chicago when il was a mere
officer for hi* town, b.v which he made enemies and
village, giving little evidence of the wondci fill
even had Ida life threatened.
, growth which was soon to lake place and make it
Mr. Wilmot nnd his wife are members of the
the second city in the Union. Our subject received
Presbyterian Church. They celebrated their Ruby,
his education in the schools of New Vo»U nnd Hli*
or sixtieth, wedding anniversary in March of the
nois. and by varied reading and experience Ims lie*
present year. Roth are well preserved nnd enjoy, ! come a well-informed man. He began life for
*3 they deserve, the high regard of all who know
himself at the age of eighteen, serving an appren• hem, They hive reared a large family of chilticeship to the trade of a tinner in St. Charles and
•ben, of whom nine arc living and have become ] Elgin. III. He made hi* home ia DcKalb Connie,
icsefu: and respected members of society.
! frou: 1851 to 1600. and spent part of the year in
! tiio mountains, returning \lienee to Kigiu,
|
In November, 1353, Mr. Johnson was united 111
1 marriage with Miss Mary V. Die water, a native of
! Ohio, born in 1839. 'I licit* union ha* been hUs>cd
KTLK JOHNSON, one of Hie prominent * with six children, throe sous ami three daughters;
merchants ofWnucoutfn.is engaged in the
Clayton B.. who d*cd at the age of ten years, Inn
hardware business,having continued
in and Anna, both deceased; Gertrude, wife of Ifav.
that line of trade at this place fur n mini- | William II. Fierce, a Methodist minister of NuuJn
bf-r of years. He was born on Staten Island, N. j HI.; Albert Rav, who was educated in the Wan*•’ August IL !$33, and is the sixth in a family j COrnia schools, and is still at home; Jvlwin B., aged
of nine children, whose parents are Peter II. and 1 eleven years, completes the family.
Ann (Bogart. 1 Johnson. His father was horn on !
Jo May, l«b'5, Mr, Johnson began business in his
•Mate 11 Island in 1798, nnd i« still living at the ad- j present line in Wnneondn. lie carries a full and
v.-wjcvd age of ninety-three years. He attended the ! complete stock of hardware, Fair dealing, loa.soucommon a clioolb for n short time only, and by dint 1 able prices and a genial manner have won him n
1
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Ilnvi».«*ciwcil infarm.
and Modern Woodmen.
iiliaixloneil His”pursuit a"*'
log u itil IhfiQ, lie then
Uri.l.rc 0„iUli..S. UuU.uk
turned his attention to
iws fljst lemons in the pioneer corps tn the army
msd ha? hoik fo;ty one budges in Kenosha County,
Wis., besides many others in Cook, Lake ami Mr*
Henry Counties, of Illinois. His entire life i»as
been passed in this county where he is well and fafornbly known.
JjpAHRKN IlKNKY Wll.MUT. who makes
|,i$ home in Dceilhdd, is a member of the
firm of Hutchinson. Wilmot A* Mom, who
do business at Room 72, No. ll*» Dearborn Si wet,
Chicago, and is also manager of the branch oilier
ni Deerfield. Ho has the honor of being a native
born citizen of the county, his birth having oc
curred on the tith of October, I Son. in the town of
I lecrficld. His parents me l.yman and Clarissa
(Dwight) Wilmot. a sketch of whom is given else-
W
PAGE
647
I March 16. 1831: Arthur II., January 2*. ««Wi
| Maud 1C.. March 10. 1884; X.yn,«.. J..July .6,
1838; ami Minnie V., December H. 18«»Wilmot wns married to his present wife, who w«s
fomwly Mrs. Kva V. Keyes, at Deerfield, Fehruj
ary
2d. 1300. She was born near Palatine, Mm
.
wns the widow of Lewis Keyes, and a daughter of
Marlin Yant. Sim lms one child born of her first
1 marriage, :\ daughter, Clara K. C‘., born December
I
23, I 67 3.
In political sentinKoit, Mr. Wilmot is a Repuldii can nnd has always* taken an active interest in
! political campaigns, doing what be could to insure
: the success and advance the interests of his party.
:
j While not ambitious of political preferment he has
served in various local public. offices. He was
(
chosen TrC9.«mvr <»f the town of Deerfield in April,
,
ISR-2. was re-elected and sewed until 1886. Two
i years Inter h;< was elected School Trustee and was
When tho town
! re-elected in tin.1 spring of 1801
was divided into Last and West Deer held, an event
j io whicu Mr. Wilmot was largely instrumental in
j
accomplishing, he was elected Supervisor of the
■
new town Of West Dee v He Id, was re-elected in the
1
of .800 to serve U'O year, In March.
136.1. he established bts home m tuc v.lla^c of
I Deci field, where he has since resided. lie is :* Mas; ter Mason, a member of A. 0 Fay Lodge, No- 070.
jI 0f Highland Parle, also belongs to the Independent
(
Older of Foresters of Court Highland, No. 31. «*f
Highland Park. An active, energetic business rr.nu,
■
,*1,11, scl.oul* wl,TC
' '
tramiH- .md completed
he received bis primary
" wh0(,i 4>f the
l,U «dueution in the pivpaia«or>
Northern College at Naperville. 111. l;u«* two years
.,fu-r :dt;ining I us majority, he was engaged in
filing farm machinery and in leadline School- and
from 1330 until W.I inclusive he was conducting
the home farm. in connection with this business
he has Iso. subsequently to 183.^, engaged in the
rcnl-wtsio busmen. i«» which, during Hm past t"«> i
Years, he has tie voted his entire lime and :d h i t ion. J:
|., April. 13:i i, l.e formed the existing partnership !
with
c A. llutchiusou mid K. J- Mum of ;
H,l»
linn ii nyw carrying on an exlmiChicago.
si ve business, making a specially ui Ukeshniv and 1
No'tlisourc property.
Wilmot Isas been twice nwnivd. lr. Kankakef, M .on M:» ill 17.1 ftuo. he wedded Miss Minnie
F. Vining. daughter of JeftiMYon ami Kliznbeth :
(Frazier) Yiumg. Slur was born in Kankakee !
County, 111.. February 2d. 13.78, and died DecernIxm- 19, 1866, leaving live children, two sons and
three daughters— JCdua tL, the eldest, w:m i-orn
Mr Wilmot enjoys a wide acquaintance and i*
rapidly working into a permanent and lucrative
busings,
——• ^ KNRY HODUK1NS, has long been a restdent of this county, dating his settlement
hero rrom 1644. He was born in St. Law
rence Comity, N- Y., on February l.i,
160), and there grow to manhood. After having
ftrrivcd aL mature years,he was united in marriage
on August U, 1821), with Miss Julia White, a na
tive of Jefferson County, N. Y-- born August li,
\808__she was thus married on Iter twenty fiist
birthday. They began their domestic life hi the
m
04
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Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
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Deerfield Public Library
Source
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Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
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Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
Language
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English
Identifier
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DPL.0013
Text
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Portrait and Biographical Album of Lake County Illinois
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy of pages from the Portrait and Biographical Album of Lake County Illinois about Lyman Wilmot along with a printout of the webpage information for the book through LIAISON: Libraries in Association catalog. Handwritten notes.
Creator
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Lake County Publishing Company
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Lake County Publishing Company
Publisher
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Lake County Publishing Company
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Accessed 01/24/2002
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.018
Abolitionism
Adelia H. Wilmot Gutzler
Adelia Wilmot
Agriculturalist
American Civil War
American Civil War Battle of Old Lake Louisiana
American Civil War Sherman's March to the Sea
American Civil War Union Army Enrolling Officer
Amos Wilmot
Anti-Slavery Activities
Arthur H. Wilmot
Asahel Wilmot
Betsy Clauson Wilmot
Betsy Crawford Wilmot
Broome County New York
Buffalo New York
C.A. Hutchinson
Carroll County Missouri
Chicago Illinois
Clara F.C. Keyes
Clarissa Dwight Wilmot
Colesville New York
Colorado State House of Representatives
Colorado State Legislature
Connecticut
Dedham Massachusetts
Deerfield Assessor
Deerfield Illinois
Deerfield Public Library
Deerfield School District #109 Board of Trustees
Deerfield Town Hall Meetings
Deerfield Township
Deerfield Treasurer
Delta County Colorado
Denver Colorado
Dwight Porter Wilmot
Edna G. Wilmot
Edwin Kittell
Elizabeth Frazier Vining
Elizabeth Luther Wilmot
Ellen Eliza Wilmot Kittell
Eva Vant Keyes Wilmot
Evergreen Colorado
Farm Hand
Farm Machinery Sales
Farming
First Presbyterian Church
Fremont Public Library District
Gail Borden Public Library
Greenwood New York
Hannah Bunnel Wilmot
Harriet Wilmot
Highland Park Illinois
Hiram R. Bennett
Hodgkiss Colorado
Humeston Iowa
Hutchinson Wilmot and Blum
Illinois Republican Party
Independent Order of Foresters
Independent Order of Foresters of Court Highland No. 31
Israel Dwight
Jefferson Vining
Jesse Wilmot
John Dwight
Kankakee County Illinois
Kankakee Illinois
Lake City Publishing Company
Lake County Illinois
Lake Forest Public Library
Lakeshore Property
Levi Davis Wilmot
Lewis Keyes
Liaison: Libraries in Association Database
Lizzie Scholes Wilmot
Loly Wilmot
Lyman H. Wilmot
Lyman J. Wilmot
Lyman Wilmot
Martin Vant
Mary Wilmot Bennett
Masonic Order
Masonic Order A O Fay Lodge
Masonic Order A O Fay Lodge Master
Maud E. Wilmot
McHenry Public Library District
Minne V. Wilmot
Minnie E. Vining Wilmot
Miranda C. Adams Wilmot
Mundelein Public Library
Naperville Illinois
New York
North Suburban Library System Database
Northern College
Northshore Property
Old Lake Louisiana
Olive Smith Wilmot
Philip Gutzler
Political Campaigning
Portrait and Biographical Album of Lake County
Prairie
Prospecting Tour
R.J. Blum
Republican Party
Roswell O. Wilmot
Round Lake Area Public Library District
Sarah A. Hodgkins Wilmot
Sarah Esther Hunter Wilmot
Sarah Porter Dwight
School Teaching
South Chicago Illinois
Springfield Illinois
St. Paul Minnesota
Stephen B. Wilmot
Steuben County New York
Union Army
Union Army 45th Illinois Infantry
Union Army Forty-Seventh Illinois Infantry
Virgil Wilmot
Warren Henry Wilmot
Waukegan Public Library
West Deerfield Township
West Deerfield Township Supervisor
Whig Party
William T. Sherman
Windsor New York
Zion-Benton Public Library District
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https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/8742b4f8ac41aebb6f2aa3d04a22c4a0.pdf
487d097bae474e8ff4f9c730470e9390
PDF Text
Text
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HISTORY OF DEERFIELD
ILLINOIS
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by
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Marie Ward Reichelt
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DEERFIELD POST, 738
AMERICAN LEGION
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AUGUST
1928
�HISTORY'OF DEERFIELD
f-the lire chief or chief of police and that all firemen be
eputized as police officers in time of fire.
The increasing demand for suburban property near
ihicago, especially along the north shore are factors in
ringing about added interest to the “North Shore West”
vrea. The completion of the new Union Station was ex
acted to bring better train service on the Chicago, Mil
waukee and St. Paul Railway.
i The proximity of Deerfield to Highland Park and Lake
"orest, and to Ravinia with its grand opera in the sum
mer, is greatly in favor of the development of a high
!rade community. For the women the easy access to
he Highland Park Woman’s Club, with its excellent culural programs, to the North Shore Chapter Daughters of
he American Revolution (for those who are eligible)
f.jth its fine patriotic and educational work, adds to
Deerfield's desirability as a residence place.
DEERFIELD ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
I The Deerfield Athletic Association, of which Jack
\lyers is the patron and sponsor, is composed of young
hen of the Village who are champion baseball and footl>aThelaDeerfield-Shields High School is second to none
Imong suburban high schools. The Deerfield Grammar
School is far superior to what it was ten years ago.. The
(umerous golf clubs in the vicinity, such as Briergate,
Slen Acres, Skokie, Ridge, Old Elm, Exmoor, Onwentsia,
Jrernon Ridge, Breakers Beach, Lake Shore, Bob 0 Link
Sunset Ridge. ICnollwood, Illinois, Mission Ridge, Sunset
valley Northmoor, Illinois, Columbian, Hunters , and Big
pen Country Club, leave beautiful open spaces that pre
en t congestion.
There are four churches, one Catholic, and three
’rotestant in Deerfield and a public library
The shopping facilities are good for a village. Two
fry goods stores, Schells’ and Olendorl’s; three grocery
tores and markets, R. A. Nelson's, Henry Gastfield a, Sol
Shapiro’s; a butcher shop, of Wm. Steinhaus, the Kay
beauty shop, and the Deerfield beauty parlor; three bar
ber shops, Matt Hoffman’s, Chris Siffert’s and Sc.avuzzo
[hree restaurants, Bertolini and Lencioni s, the Blu®‘-)1F£l>
knd the Barbecue; two confectionery stores the Brier
sweet Shoppe and the Bluebird; two drug stores, T. J.
Knaak’s and Laegler and Hout’s; Coleman s Variety
Store; an A. and P. store; fruit store; two tailors and
ileaners, Vincent Silveri and North Shore Cleaneis, the
Deerfield Bakery; two plumbing and heating establishnents William H. Barrett’s and Milton Frantz; two elec;ric shops, William Seiler’s, and William Desmond s; one
lardware store, that of Jack Notz; one furnace and tin
hop. John J. McMahon’s; two garages,
®
Uuhrend’s; four real estate and insurance offices, Chailes
Kanschull’s Frank Russo’s, Foxworthy’s, and Vant and
KS’s; one delicatessen and confectionery of Edward
31eimehl; three nurseries, Kottrasch Bros., Franken
3ros and F D. Clavey; two lumber and coal companies,
the Deerfield Lumber Company, The Mercer Dumber Co
and the Lake County Coal and Material Company, the
^aco oil station' the Standard Oil Company plant, the
Deerfield Interior Finish Company; ^he Deerfield State
Bank; The Deerfield Chevrolet Sales Company, The Bujert Construction Company (water mains and seweis),
The Kapschul Davis Construction Company (roads and
paving) The Perry Keast Battery Shop; a number of
painters and decorators, Ross ShermanMcGarvie, Wil
liam Kreh, Builders, Ed. Segert John Huhn, R. E and
C G Pettis A J. Johnson, Alex Taylor, Cashmore, Thilo
Toll’ PrflVik Jacobs C B Foxworthy, W. Aitken; two
well’drillers Lincoln Pettis, and Alvin Meyer; two brick
yardsthe Iliinois and the National; three piano teachers
Prances Blederstadt. Mrs. C. G. Pettis, Bertha Wei s,
Pehr’s Music Shop, for radios and piano tuning,
Knaak’s Music Store, for pianos, radios and victrolas,
The Hotel Deerfield; The Herman Frost Newspaper
Agency and pool room; one sewing machine agency, that
l
Alvin Knaak's Deerfield FilUng Station; TreHole’s Deer!
Selig Chester Wolf, August Huehl; a shoe l epainng
store (AzadTanielen); a Deerfield bakery; a mimeo»roniiino ni,.nt /pau 115R); two band leaders, H. E.
Bolie and Frank Russo. Among the dairy companies
which have service in Deerfield are the Bowman, Hoh-
Page One hundred seven
felder, Clover Leaf, Santi. WHT, the radio broadcasting
station, is in Deerfield.
The Lake County Register of June IS, 1927, had the
following item:
BOARD WILL REDISTRICT TOWNSHIP
West Deerfield to Get New Precinct at Supervisors Meet
According to Schedule—Action on
Waukegan Delayed
Action was to be taken Thursday afternoon at the
board of supervisors’ meeting redistricting the Town of
West Deerfield, one new polling place to be added.
The resolution expected to be passed provides for
dividing the Town of West Deerfield as follows:
District 1—All that part of West Deerfield lying south
of the Half Day Road and the Milwaukee and St. Paul
Railroad tracks.
.
District 2—All that part of West Deerfield lying south
of the Half Day Road and west of the railroad tracks.
District 3—All that part of West Deerfield lying north
of the Half Day Road.
“UNDEKGROUND RAILROAD” ACTIVITIES
The first real information of Andrew Jackson, the run
away slave, Samuel Ott imparts to this generation. In the
winter of 1S5S a mulatto, about 28 years of age, came to the
home of Lyman Wilmot, the Abolitionist, at night, via the
“Underground Railway,” from Mississippi. The lake was
frozen, so the blackman could not be sent across to Canada,
therefore be had been taken to Deerfield. Mr. Wilmot
brought the slave to the Lorenz Ott home to do the chores,
so that the children could go to school.
Keeping a runaway slave was against the law, but the
Abolitionists felt that they were in the right by disobeying
an unjust law. Andrew Jackson’s father was a white man,
and he worked on his father’s plantation where he saw his
white sisters. The plantation owner was more lenient to
his son than to his other slaves, and Andrew learned more
than his companions, therefore the desire to be free so
overcame the lad that it led him to attempt to escape, but
bloodhounds tracked him, and he was brought back. In
his second attempt at freedom he was successful, and he
crossed the Ohio River, where he was sent on his journey
n°The man was a good worker, kept the horses clean (he
had been a yardman on the plantation) and “made a nice
gate of stout wood” which he said would last till the slaves
were freed. When that occurred he requested Mr. Ott to
destroy the gate, which sentimental resquest was not heeded
by the thrifty farmer. When spring came, and the roads
were muddy, Andrew Jackson prepared to leave. Lorenz
Ott made him a new suit, and gave him money for boat
fare, and Lyman Wilmot took him to Chicago, where he
escaped to Canada. After reaching the slaves’ haven, An
drew wrote to his benefactors who had taught him to read
and write, of his safe arrival, and that was the last that
they ever heard of him. Samuel Ott was fourteen yeais of
age at the time, and he recalls much that the negro did
while here.
_
., ,
.
From another source it is learned that the slave, An
drew Jackson’s escape was planned because he had been
sold. "My kind master found it necessary to sell me. None
of the slaves were given any education as our masters
thought that we would rebel or outwit them. But a friend
told me that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
and that as one goes further south it gets warmer, and
going north it gets colder, With this information only, I
decided to run away. I' was soon captured for my master
had discovered my absence soon after I left, and had sent
bloodhounds after me. When taking me back to the planta
tion my captor tied my arms with a rope, which was
fastened to the horse, and made me walk in front of him,
while he rode. I loosened the rope and walked along as it
I were not trying to escape. Soon I noticed that my master
was sleeping', so I dropped the rope, and jumped into the
woods. Most of the time I hid during the day, and often
my pursuers were so close to my hiding place that I could
hear my master giving directions to them.
"Several times I was without food for a number of days.
Many times I ate raw corn taken from a field when I passed
through it. One time I fell in a barrel when I was looking
for food, and even though I hurt my hip severely, I man
aged to limp back into the woods. One day I came to a
hut and asked a girl, who was alone, for some bread, which
I could see was freshly baked. The child refused to give
it to me so I grabbed a few loaves and ran, and when
safely hidden, ate them. These are but a few of my hard*
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�Page One hundred eight
ships, but I am glad to be with friends now.”
A group of Abolitionists lived in Highland Park, and
would often come to Deerfield if they knew that the farm
ers were bringing their crops to town. Often many hot
debates took place on what is now known as Antes’ Corner.
A great many negroes passed'through Deerfield, but no
body remembers a direct route which they used when they
traveled through this part of the country, according to the
little history of Deerfield prepared by the pupils in the
grammar school in 1918, under the direction of Clifford
Huffmaster, the World War invalid principal.
PIONEER LIFE
C. A. Partridge in his History of Lake County says:
True history records the trials and the triumphs, the
failures and the successes of the men who make history.
The impulsive power which shapes the course of com
munities may be found in the molding influences which
form its citizens. The list of those to whose lot it falls
to play a conspicuous part in the great drama of life is
comparatively short; yet communities are made up of in
dividuals and the aggregate of achievements, no less than
the sum total of human happiness, is made up of the
deeds of those men and women whose primary aim
through life is faithfully to perform the duty that comes
nearest to hand. Individual influence upon human affairs
will be considered potent or significant according to the
standpoint from which it is viewed.”
In the record of each man and family may be traced
some feature which influenced or has been stamped upon
the community life, and these sketches show the strug
gles, the labor, and the successes, or the failures, that
engrossed their lives.
“A few yet remain, whose years have passed the al
lotted three score years and ten, who love to recount
among the cherished memories of their lives their remi
niscences of early days in Lake County.”
Clergymen, physicians, educators, home makers, farm
ers, lawyers, leave their influence upon the community
development in a way that it is difficult to estimate.
Their faith, energy, courage, self-sacrifice and devotion
attest the results which they have achieved in Deerfield
township.
N
Judge V. V. Barnes, a former Deerfield man, attorney
and counsellor at law in Zion City, said:
“Few things are as interesting as the annals of
states and communities and the time will come when
whatever may be written or preserved will be considered
as all too meager. From such events and records the
historian weaves his most edifying and absorbing tale.
Already Lake County has furnished many events of in
tense and peculiar interest and men and women have
been permitted to lapse into silence whose knowledge
and words should have been preserved for those to come.
In fact, Lake County has been and is still rich in the
possession of characters and events of untold value and
in so far as possible we should take heed to preserve so
rich a heritage. It strikes me it would be well to con
sider this subject deliberately with a view to preserve
for others the things so closely associated with the lives
and welfare of the people.”
Martin C. Decker, a former Deerfield teacher who
wrote the history of Fremont Township for Dr. Halsey’s
history, said: “The history of a community is to a large
extent embodied in the lives of its great men. There are
a few history making changes that are due to natural
causes, most of them being if not entirely at least greatly
influenced by human agency.”
Of the pioneer mother little is known except tradition,
but that she bore and reared children under incredible
conditions and hardships, that she was a- homemaker
and housekeeper with no labor saving devices, and few
conveniences, and that every step in garment making and
food production was her job, is well known. Large fami
lies were common before the days of Margaret Sanger’s
doctrine, and the ingenuity of the mother kept them
clothed and fed in spite of drouth, flood, army worm, and
hail that destroyed their crops. Cornmeal mush was the
daily diet. Milk was used for making cottage cheese
but the cream was reserved for butter making, and this
product so rich in vitamins, (not known before this gen
eration) was sold to buy sugar. One neighbor was
selected to go to Chicago to make purchases for the
entire community. Ox teams were used sometimes, and
at others the packsaddle of a horse was utilized. It is
told that the first James Duffy walked to Chicago to buy
a bog of flour and carried it home on Uis back. Buck11
HISTORY OF DEERFIELD
wheat cakes with sorghum were a luxury, and quaii
prairie chickens, and partridges were had so often that
they were not the luxury that they are to this generation
A cheese similar to Limburger was made by the Germans
by forming cottage cheese into little balls, placing them
in a crock and allowing them to ripen. The fluid that
formed around the balls was poured off frequently ami
the cheese washed with fresh milk. Fish, principally
suckers ll/z feet long were in all of the streams. Water
for household purposes was dipped out of the ponds on
the land with buckets. Flies and mosquitoes tormented
the people and spread disease, malaria, ague, and ty
phoid. Screens or netting on windows were unknown
Wells dug were six feet deep.
Candles made by the women from mutton tallow and
cotton picking dipped, and also made in molds, were the
lights used. Later a two wick lamp, without a chimney
in which raccoou and lard, or camphene oil was burned
made a two candle power light. These lamps were on
metal standards with glass bowls. The third era was
the kerosene lamp of tin, painted green, with a polished
tin movable reflector, which hung on the door frames.
Glass hanging lamps with glass prisms or gaily painted
decorations were later parlor luxuries. “Student lamps”
of metal with a tall slender chimney on each side, with
two bowls of oil and circular wicks were a great im
provement for the sight. A Chicago directory oi’ IS GO
advertises lard oil, lunar oil, kerosene binnacle oil, Mayville coal oil, alcohol, camphene, and burning fluid.
Clothes were made for the men by the women of the
family after they had been cut by the tailor, Lawrence
Ott. In this vicinity the cloth was not woven for the
men’s suits but was bought in Chicago, and sewed by
hand with a very heavy black thread. The women did
the sewing after the children were in bed. The spinning
wheels which the German and Alsatian settlers brought
from Germany and Alsace were used to make the yarn
for stockings, mittens, and large scarfs which took the
place of overcoats. Mr. George Rockenbach has one that
his mother knitted.
After the log house era frame houses were erected.
These were very simple structures, built on the ground
without cellars under them, but with board instead of
dirt floors. A few had vegetable cellars. The first frame
house at the west end of the township that was at all
pretentious was the one built by Christian Schwingel.
now owned by Mr. Kellogg, of the Kellogg Switchboard
Company, known as the Grove Farm, and occupied by
E. L. Vinyard. It had a pantry, a cistern, and a pump
on the porch, which was the height of luxury. Good
houses began to be built in 1850, and many are still
in use.
Courtship in the early days of our township was con
ducted under difficulties. In a one room log cabin that
contained the beds of the parents and seven or more
children, the stove and other household furniture, there
was little privacy, so courting days were short. The
young people usually took walks in the woods. The
amusements were few. Sliding on the ice in winter, at
tending spelling, writing and singing schools, and among
the young men engaging in feats to show strength such
as lifting barrels of flour, and wrestling were among
their pastimes. Fist fights sometimes decorated their
drab, dull lives, as when the boys of the east and of the
west prairies met in swimming in the Desplaines River
seventy years ago, and forty years ago when the Everett
gang met the Deerfield one.
One pioneer said, “When I was young we folk held
our dancing parties in any house that had three rooms,
and if there was but one room we moved the stove and
bed out of doors, brought our fiddler and had our dance.
When it was over we moved the stove and bed back in
place and returned home in one sleigh loaded with plenty
of straw.”
DEERFIELD FAMILIES
Genealogy is an interesting study, for when one con
siders how rapidly one’s ancestors multiply (as well as
one’s descendents) two parents, four grandparents, eight
great-grandparents, and so on, until one finds that at the
time of the discovery of America, about fourteen genera
tions back, the average American now living has 1G.384
ancestors in a single ancestral generation. A good geneology describes the historical roots of the family tree, it
gives names, dates, places and family connections, ac
cording to the Eugenical News of April, 1923.
The descendonts of William Ward of Sudbury, king-
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HISTORY OF DEERFIELD
HISTORY OF DEERFIELD
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Millen, Brand, Wilmot, Easton and Gutzler houseswre
among others made for this old fashioned occiipation of
looking through a double glass on a handle, whi<sh
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object stand out from the flat surface of the picture m
true perspective. One of the most amusing pictures " as uuu
OC the Hoyt family at a picnic The men all won1 £
silk liats and looked very much dressed up to be sitting
on the ground around an outdoor feast spread on the
grass.
_
,
The George Vetter store that was burned ivas also among
the photographs.
]i?!?nJun?i 2S,ii1S45’ and dlecl when thirteen and onealf months old. Roswell 0., born July 12, 1S47 was
married November 20, 1870, to Miss Miranda C Adams
Pnw£eshes A Hoclgkiss' Delta County, Colo. Dwight
T,?nie<i bi°oS Aug,llst 16, 1S'49- married Lizzie Sclioles
Ho i9t 1881, and resides in Evergreen Colo. He was
Fl?Pn PH,areSreSeiitatlVe t0 the Colorado Legislature
E1>za. born January 19, 1852, was married Decem?eiQ 1
to Edwin Kittell, and their home is now
in South Chicago. Warren Henry, born October 6 IS55
is now a resident of Deerfield. The children older than
Deerfield "'6''e b°''n ,n New York and those younger in
.
THE WILMOT FAMILY
No history of Deerfield could be complete without
soml mention of the Wilmot family which played sue
a°prominent part in the affairs of the
yet of this large family no member remains ^eie. The
Portrait^rid^BiograpALcaJ^lhiun„oJ^akeCouty ay
mmssss
Hannah (Bunn^f WUmo, both natives o£ Co,^cUenl.
“Mr. Wilmot was engaged in farming in the town of
inrhirfamnvell,benrC?lmty' N' Y- »»«! «S7. whenieav'
Uig liis family, lie first came to Lake County on a nrn<?
ofMa? t0^rr!V,ng at WS ctestination on the 2011®day
of May. Jesse, Ins younger brother, had preceded him
to Lins county in 1S35, and had located in whit is now
the town of Deerfield. Mr. Wilmot visited 1 is brotheT
an traveled over Northern Illinois for several nmUths
ami m November following returned to New York
In
the fall o 1840. lie emigrated from that state to Lake
^ tl1 1ils,.famiIy' coming by team to Buffalo where
lli1?nSf%r?d tie teams t0 a steamboat and took pas9,UCagi)\ ArrivinS at that port they drove to
Deerfield, their future home. In February 1S41 lie nnr
chafed one hundred and sixty acres of wild land to •
which he afterwards added until he now has two hun
dred and forty acres. His farm is largely prairie and
}l.S1,iUa ed f0?4»?ect1011 32, where he has made his home
mia? ® Past fifty-°ne years. It is considered one of the
most valuable farms in Deerfield, and the owner is one
o. the most successful and leading agriculturists of
Lake County. In political sentiment he fs an earnest RepubhcEui. In early life he was an anti-slavery Whig and
inof i”1 fu J accord with the original Abolitionists.^ He
ion1 l!8v!te at the, l)residential election of 1840 by reason of lug removal to the West that year. When the
ShAUfb 1ian pai!ty.was organized he was one of those
who took part in its formation in Northern Illinois He
has never been a seeker for public office and his served
firof In minor i?cal Positions. He was Moderator at the
first town meeting held in Deerfield, and has served as
Assessor for that town. During the draft he accepted
£wnVehy l^T\lar P°sition of enrolling officer for liis
threatene(LhlCh ^ made enemies and even had his life
i}
I
dings, while one,
^tieth anniversary of
brated his ruby wedding
oldest of the five brothers,
his marriage. Stephen B.,
ed Miss Betsy Clauson,
was born February 20,1798, married mis ^ s^euty.nine
and died March 14, 1■
»
horn November 23,
years; Loly, the on y dang liter was bo:ra»o
179 9 and died July 14, ISO4, Amos,
WoS: -dded Betsy effort and tod.^187 8. at the
.lv
age of seventy-six years A 1
St. Paul, Minn.,
having lollg
1S04, married Olive Snutn, ana
in March, 1SSS, at the age
is noW eighty-five
been a practicing piys
’ tywas born September 13,
years of age; Jess, the yoange jT’ th Lutlier, and is now
living at°the a°ge of eighty-one years in Carroll County,
l
Mi"Lyman Wilmot, whose nMM^heads thta record, having lost his father
“wS obliged to
mother being in P°or
and make his own
leave home at the early W ^ & farm hand
He was
way in the world. He
g
comforts and no
obliged to work bard, enjoy
limited to
luxuries. His
in the
a ^w months’ aUendance arrived at the age of twentywinter season. yh
hhad accumulated enough of this
five he found that i
« himself and was marworld’s goods to ^t1U? i^s native town to Miss Clarissa
ried March 17, 1831, m his naue^
(PoPter)
Dwight, a daughter
f
dsor groome County, N. Y
Dwight. ?he was born in W desCendant of John Dwight
ot "Dedham,1 Mass!, 'tlfe founder of the prominent New
England family of
na»te.
wUh a ,ar?,
■■
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“Mr. Wilmot and his wife are members of the Presbyterian
Church. They celebrated their ruby, or sixfl.
.,
...
De h, wedding anniversary in March of the present year
are well preserved and enjoy, as they deserve7 the
high regard of all who know them. They have reared
aIai*f family of children, of whom nine are living and
rll,eS fUSelUl fnd Jesp.ected members of society.’’
t
s°hool and Wilmot road were named for
Lyman Wilmot who was a leader in and exampl? to the
fleldn}unity* . ^ls ?ame should ever be honored in Deerfield by retaining it on school and road. No such fancy
S^mngless name as Sunset Lane should replace Wilmot
foad. Lyman Wilmot, born July 22, 1806, died Nov 12
181?' ,1^‘n 4lte-’i Ci'nriS.So Dwight Wilmot, born June if*
n6? A?t?‘ 10' 1S99- They “d heir daughter
field Cemetery!11'6 S°n' Walt6‘'' are huried iu th« W
mmmmm i Siffipssisi
THE TUPPER FAMILY
il^«JSisaSSi
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at the
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History
!
of deerfield
Page Eighty-three
i
i
Uie observance of the centennial under present than
under normal conditions. We must have knowledge of
the thrilling story of service, of high and lol'ty accom
plishment of the pioneer citizens of Illinois. They chal
lenge us to measure up to the responsibilities of our
forefathers. The torch guiding all liberty loving people
today is Abraham Lincoln. Of all the men the world
has produced he is the exemplification of democracy.
But the luster of his. life should not dim that of other
great lives, such as George Rogers Clark, U. S. Grant,
Nathaniel Pope and Shadrack Bond. An opportunity
will be given to revive the spirit of Illinois so that it
will be felt all over the state, working with war activities.
“Not without thy wondrous story, Illinois,
Can be writ the nation’s glory.”
The Lake County Register Correspondent reported:
The entire intellectual portion of the community Hocked
to the school Thursday evening to hear a big man talk
on a big subject at the P. T. A. meeting. Wallace Rice,
composer of several ballads and a number of pageants
for the Illinois centennial celebration, as well as designer
of the centennial banner, gave an interesting talk on
the wonderful history of the State of Illinois, which
challenges that of any of the other states in the Union.
A group of pupils of the upper grades, under the direc
tion of Miss Lela Glyncli, sang patriotic songs. The girls
of the penny lunch committee reported a profit of over
$9, which sum will be used to buy a service flag for
the school. Mrs. Supple appointed the committee.
Such stories as the following were written by the
pupils and combined in a book that contains photographs
of log cabins and schools and is in the Deerfield school.
1•' i
r
;
;
5
;
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!
DEERFIELD
Deerfield was so named after the numerous deer that
roamed in this locality, which was the highest place
between the Des Plaines river and Lake Michigan.
The early roads were located in about the same places
as they are now, with the exception of one which for
merly extended from Mr. Reay’s residence to Mr. Lidgerwood’s residence. These roads were very narrow and
crooked.
The bridges were built in an entirely different manner
than they are at present, the foundation being made
by laying saplings over a pile of brush. They were
commonly called “corduroy bridges” because of their
striking resemblance to that kind of material. The peo
ple traveled by land, in what were called “prairie
schooners” or by water in large “flat boats.” The nouses
were crudely built, many of them being log cabins, but
they served their purpose very well.
As early as 183 C almost all of the Indians had gone
to reservations, although a few of them still remained.
Some would travel in this vicinity often begging, and
others from northern Wisconsin would come to receive
payments on the land they had sold to the white settlers.
Many relics such as arrow heads and hatchets have been
found by some of our local citizens.
Our school district No. 109 was organized in IS60.
The first school was situated opposite Mr. Bert Easton’s
farm* it was very Crudely built of rough boards. The
first town school was built on Anderson’s corner. Con
veniences such as we have new were then unknown.
The furniture and other articles of these small schools
was very poor. The building that stood on the corner
was moved in 1903 to its present site; this school burned
down and a new one was erected in 1913.
In 1S60 a runaway slave, called “Andrew Jackson.”
came through Deerfield, where he stayed with Mr. Lorenz
nH. who lived where Mr. Orman Rockenbach now lives.
Tat'er he lived with Mr. Lyman Wilmot until the Civil
War was over. He had many hardships to endure while
hP was with cruel masters, but later he was taught to
rpad and write, and in return he showed the white
- npnnle how to tie com with a stalk of corn and many
other methods of farming. This is one incident of the
onii slavery activities.
n,ir service flag contains forty-five stars representing
J: nf our best young men who are willing to fight
' S°me
are proud of the fact that Deerfor our rountry We
many to this service. Not only are
fie!d k*;’ given billing to fight, but those who must stay
I
ii
\
\
.
.
v
i
l
i fromTTt Jf cam in- the “World Conflict;”
inS Uncle Sam
LILLIAN ANTES.
§p' •
Written for Deerfield school in 1918 at Illinois Centennlal celebration Material was secured from Lillian’s
grandfather,
merchant.
Christian
Antes,
an
early
Deerfield
TELEPHONE SERVICE
The first telephone call that went out of Deerfield was
made by Dr. T. L. Knaak from his drug store on Deer
field Road to his son, Theodore J. Knaak, who was in
Weinberger’s Drug Store on Chicago Avenue and Wells
Street in 189S. This
r_
was the first public or private telephone in the village.
Ten subscribers were necessary for the installation of
service.
The Chicago Telephone Company brought its lines into
Deerfield in January, 1903. The first office was in
Knaak’s old drug store on Deerfield Road. In 1911 it
was moved upstairs. Different members of that family
assisted in the service. Among others who were em
ployed were Ralph Peterson, Anna Petersen, Ella and
Ralph I-Iorenberger, Cora Cooksey, Nina Knigge, Ray
mond Goodman, Gertrude Gastfield, Martha Hagi, Peter
Perry Florence Goodman, Amelia Petersen, Helen
Schinleber.
In 1913 the exchange was moved to the Antes building
at the' corner of Deerfield and Waukegan Roads, and a
Mr. Smith had the exchange.
Raymond Goodman served as a night operator.
In 1914, Mrs. Frances Garrity took charge of the Deerfield exchange, and when one board was all that was
necessary for the needs of the village, with one operator,
a service second to no other was maintained.
So faithful was she in the discharge of her duties, and
so remarkable was her memory of calls made, that if an
attempt had been made by a subscirber to get a desired
party, and was unsuccessful, because of the absence of
the one called, that when the caller indicated her return
home by telephoning someone, Mrs. Garriety would say,
"Mrs. —-------- has been trying to get you,” and thus
complete the call hours afterwards.
The winter of 1917, when the snow was so deep that
not a wheel turned on the roads for three days, and it
was necessary to close the school because of the difficulty
to get children from the outskirts of the district to
school, the president of the school board called up each
family that had a telephone, on three successive evenings,
to announce that no school could be held because two
or the teachers had been unable to return from Wau• conda, and Mrs. Garrity on her own initiative, called
each family that had children in school, without waiting
for numbers to be requested, as each call was com
pleted, thus each family was notified without delay.
Many other such instances could be related of her
quick wit and keen sympathy in times of disasters and
accidents, when help was needed, in securing aid of
different kinds. Mrs. Garrity is still giving the same
amount of time to the service and has had as her main
assistants on the board her mother, Mrs. Anna Curley
Flood, and her daughter, Miss Marjorie Garrity. No
eight-hour day was observed by Mrs. Garrity. Her duties
frequently kept her at the board for twelve hours.
In 192 4 a second board was put in operation and a
regular assistant was hired.
In 19 27 a fourth switch board was installed in order
to take care of the increasing population. There are
now 4 80 subscribers.
Federal Tax Off Telephone Calls Removed After MidNight-, July 2, 1924, and An Increased Use
of Wires Expected.
“After midnight on Wednesday, July 2nd, and toll
on long distance telephone messages are free from the
federal tax, which has been in effect since April 1, 1919,”
states Commercial Manager Judd this morning, in an
announcement issued July 1.
“This tax of 5 cents on each message of from 15 to
50 cents, and 10 cents on each message of over 50 cents,
added materially to the cost of telephoning, especially
on toll messages over moderate distances,” said Manager
Judd, “and its removal will permit more liberal use of
the service without adding to the cost.”
Mr. Judd stated that the telephone company, anticipat
ing an increased use of the toll service, particularly
to nearby points, has provided additional equipment and
personnel to meet the demand.
Direct Telephone Wire to Deerfield—Express Method
Installed and Is Great- Convenience—How
To Call.
To quicken the telephone service between Highland
Park and Deerfield the telephone company recently in-
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lyman Wilmot House
Description
An account of the resource
This collection consists of records related to the Deerfield Public Library's research into whether or not the Wilmot house could be proved to have been a stop on the Underground Railroad.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
History of Deerfield Illinois
Description
An account of the resource
Photocopy of pages from The History of Deerfield by Marie Ward Reichelt pertaining to the Wilmot family.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Reichelt, Marie Ward
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Glenview Press
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
08/1928
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0013.015
Abolitionism
Adelia H. Wilmot Gutzler
Adelia Wilmot
Agriculturalist
American Civil War
American Civil War Battle of Old Lake Louisiana
American Civil War Sherman's March to the Sea
American Civil War Union Army Enrolling Officer
American Legion Deerfield Post 738
Amos Wilmot
Anderson's Corner
Andrew Jackson
Antes' Corner
Anti-Slavery Activities
Asahel Wilmot
Bert Easton
Betsy Clauson Wilmot
Betsy Crawford Wilmot
Broome County New York
Buffalo New York
Canada
Carroll County Missouri
Chicago Illinois
Christian Antes
Clarissa Dwight Wilmot
Clifford Huffmaster
Colesville New York
Colorado State House of Representatives
Colorado State Legislature
Connecticut
Dedham Massachusetts
Deerfield Assessor
Deerfield Grammar School
Deerfield Grammar School Principal
Deerfield Illinois
Deerfield School District #109
Deerfield Town Hall Meetings
Deerfield Township
Deerfield Underground Railroad Activities
Deerfield World War I Service Flag
Delta County Colorado
Denver Colorado
Des Plaines River
Dwight Porter Wilmot
Edwin Kittell
Elizabeth Luther Wilmot
Ellen Eliza Wilmot Kittell
Evergreen Colorado
Farm Hand
First Presbyterian Church
Glenview Press
Greenwood New York
Hannah Bunnel Wilmot
Harriet Wilmot
Highland Park Illinois
Hiram R. Bennett
History of Deerfield
Hodgkiss Colorado
Humeston Iowa
Illinois Centennial Celebration
Illinois Republican Party
Israel Dwight
Jesse Wilmot
John Dwight
Lake County Illinois
Lake Michigan
Levi Davis Wilmot
Lillian Antes
Lizzie Scholes Wilmot
Loly Wilmot
Lorenz Ott
Lyman H. Wilmot
Lyman Wilmot
Marie Ward Reichelt
Mary Wilmot Bennett
Miranda C. Adams Wilmot
Mississippi
Native American Reservations
Native Americans
New York
Northern Illinois
Ohio River
Old Lake Louisiana
Olive Smith Wilmot
Orman Rockenbach
Philip Gutzler
Portrait and Biographical Album of Lake County
Prospecting Tour
Republican Party
Roswell O. Wilmot
Ruth Reichelt Pettie
Samuel Ott
Sarah A. Hodgkins Wilmot
Sarah Esther Hunter Wilmot
Sarah Porter Dwight
South Chicago Illinois
Springfield Illinois
St. Paul Minnesota
Steamboat
Stephen B. Wilmot
Steuben County New York
Union Army
Union Army Fifty-Fifth Illinois Regiment
Union Army Forty-Seventh Illinois Infantry
Virgil Wilmot
Walter Kittell
Warren Henry Wilmot
Whig Party
William T. Sherman
Wilmot Farm
Wilmot Road
Wilmot School
Windsor New York
Wisconsin
World War I
-
https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/1334f543f28fcaad1c1a6f909ea94299.pdf
6b4da9a2e6ba0d05ed6671895df40d0c
PDF Text
Text
Deerfield Public Library
■
Browsing
Summer2018 | deerfieldlibrary.org
Summer
Reading
Program
Kick-off Day
Saturday,
June 9
9 am - 5pm
Details on
Summer
Reading:
Adults (p.3),
Teens (p. 7),
Children (p.8)
�We thought it would be interesting to share some
statistical highlights of 2017. Following the trend for
public libraries nationwide, there is a very small
decline in our total circulation. We know that our print
collection remains popular, and our e-resources
circulation continue to grow.
What I find to be most interesting is the number of
people who still choose to come to DPL. Libraries are
the one public institution that serve people of every
age. Every day, we see people who are here enjoying a
magazine or using one of the study rooms as their
office. There are plenty of students who come to do
homework, and loads of kids enjoying the vibrant Youth
Services space. We’ve taken notice, and continue to
offer more resources and programs as our budget allows.
DPL, more than books!
Amy Falasz-Peterson, Library Director
nni by the Numbers
UrL
Annual circulation
448,241
Library visitors
242,370
Physical collection
131,869
Computer sessions
19,089
Digital collection
197,345
WiFi sessions
121,545
Reference questions
45,734
Print/Scan/
Fax pages
103,011
Programs
880
Program attendance
25,860
Study/Meeting Room uses
10,382
�Adult Programs
HI Please register in advance at the Library, by phene at 847-945-3311 or at
www.deerfieldlibrary.org. Registration opens Wednesday, May 16.
Adult Summer Reading Program
June 9 - August 5
When it comes to your brain, researchers have found there’s no better superfood than a book,
and our adult summer reading program is a great way to get started. Participants who read
five adult library titles this summer (audiobooks definitely count!) will have a chance to win
a Kindle E-reader. Stop by the Adult Services or Media desk (or at the sign-up table in the
Lobby on Kick-off Day) to pick up a registration form and a sign-up prize. Quantities
available while they last. Registration forms will be available starting on Summer
Reading Program Kick-offDay, Saturday, June 9, 9:00am- 5:00pm
Booh Discussions
Copies ofthe books will be available at the self-service holds shelfa month before the
discussion. Drop-in.
Thursday Booh Biscussions
Monday, July 23, 7:30-8:30pm
Program held atPanera, 1211 Half
Day Rd., Bannockburn. Copies are
available on the holds shelfa month
prior. Drop-in.
In a country
teetering on the
brink of civil war,
two young people
embark on a furtive
love affair. When
their city explodes,
they begin to hear
whispers about
doors that can
whisk people far away. Leaving their
homeland and their old lives behind,
they find a door and step through.
Killers ofthe Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth
of the FBI by David Grann
Thursday, June 14,10:30-11:30am
In the 1920s, the richest people per capita in the world were members of the Osage
Indian nation in Oklahoma, after oil was discovered beneath their land. Then, one
by one, the Osage began to die under mysterious circumstances. The FBI took up the
case making it one of the organization’s first major homicide investigations.
A Distant Heart by Sonali Dev
Thursday, July 12, 10:30-11:30am
The first baby to survive
after several miscarriages,
Kimi grows up in a mansion
surrounded by love and
privilege. But at eleven years
old, she develops a rare illness
that requires her to be confined
to her home. Until one person
dares venture into her world.Author Sonali Dev
willjoin us for the July book discussion!
7*
Sing, Unburied, Sing by Jessmyn Ward
Boohs With A Twist
Exit West by Mohsin Hamid
Classics Booh Biscussion
5
:
-
Travels with Charley
by John Steinbeck
Thursday, July 26, 7:00-8:00pm
Join our new quarterly discussion
series and read the books you were
(supposed!) to read in school or a
forgotten classic. This summer, we’ll
discuss John Steinbeck’s travelogue
documenting the writer’s road trip
in his camper, accompanied by his
French poodle, Charley. Q
Thursday, August 9,10:30-11:30am
Jojo navigates the challenges of his mother’s addictions and his
grandmother’s terminal cancer before the release of his father from prison.
3
�Adult Programs
iH Please register in advance at the Library, by phone at 847-945-3311 or at
wvmdeerfieldlibrary.org. Registration opens Wednesday, May 16.
V
for film Bulls
•v
No registra tion required.
Tuesday ‘New Movie’ Night
Tuesday, June 5,19, July 17,31, August
14,28
TUESDAY FILMS BEGIN
AT 6:30pm
Come to the Library for New Movie Night
on select Tuesdays this summer, and
preview the hot new release of the week.
As we get closer to each date, you can
check our website or ask at the Media
desk for a listing of upcoming showings.
Plan Your Vacation Online
and Save!
Wednesday June 13, 7:00-8:00pm
Michael Gershbein, from Very Smart
People, describes how to plan your next
trip by using some of the best online
flight and hotel sites, travel apps, and
discount sites that will help you save both
time and money. Q
Sound Healing with Lisa Devi
Wednesday June 20, 7:00-8:00pm
In various cultures sound has been utilized as a powerful tool for healing. Sound healing
can lead us into a meditative state where internal healing occurs, and can bring about a
higher awareness and harmony with our reality. Comfortably reclined or seated, you will
rest and meditate while Lisa creates an array of tones through a soundscape of crystal
bowls, Tibetan bowls, chimes, flutes, and other instruments. Please dress comfortably in
clothing that allows easy movement, and feel free to bring your own yoga mat, blanket
and/or pillow for maximum comfort. The library will have a limited number ofmats
availablefor use. Q
Thinks and Drinks Trivia
Deerfield Public Art Tour
Saturday, June 16, 2:00-3:00pm
This guided walking tour will explore
the sculptures and paintings publicly
on display in Deerfield. Starting at the
Library, we’ll walk through downtown
Deerfield, and learn the fascinating
backstories of the art you pass by
everyday. ©
Wednesday July 11, 7:30-9:00pm
@Deerfield GolfClub, 1201 Saunders Rd.
Adults Only
Think you know it all?
Prove it! The library j
is hosting another
f
evening of its popular I !
trivia night at the
l
Deerfield Golf Club V
in Deerfield! Play
'
individually or team up in
groups of up to 4 people and test your
knowledge of world trivia. Refreshments
will be served and prizes will be awarded
to the biggest know-it-alls! Register in
advance with Adult Services. ©
3
Introduction to Bullet Journaling
Thursday, June 21, 7:00-8:00pm
Adults and Teens
Have you tried planner after planner
only to fill out the first few months and
then quit? You’ve got to try the bullet
journal—a planner system that allows
you to express yourself in a creative way,
stay organized, and get things done. Join
Audrey Ko of Things UnseenDesigns as
she walks you through the basics and
provides lots of ideas to get you started.
Notebooks will be provided or bring one
ofyour own! ©
r
�$$ Please register in advance at the Library, by phene at 847-945-331lor at
www.deerfieldlibrary.org. Registration opens Wednesday, May 16.
Adult Programs
PLACE Program: Movie Night
“Ghostbusters”
Meet the K-9 Comfort Dogs
Saturday, July 14, 1:00-3:00pm, All Ages
They’ve responded to tragedies across the
country from Sandy Hook and Las Vegas,
to the Boston Marathon bombing and
of late, Marjory Stoneman Douglas High
School in Parkland, Florida. Now they’ll
be making a trip to the Library! Learn
more about this unique canine ministry
and then meet the awe-inspiring dogs
that helped these communities cope. Q
Thursday, July 26, 6:30-8:45pm
Adults, Terns
PLACE (Public Library Access and
Community for Everyone) programs
welcome adults with intellectual and
developmental disabilities as well as their
parents and caregivers.
Join us for an evening of friendship,
conversation, and fun with a sensoryfriendly viewing and discussion of
the 2016 film Ghostbusters. Light
refreshments will be served. Parents and
caregivers encouraged to attend. Q
=5
Game Night at
Warehouse Eatery
Thursday, August 2, 7:00-9:00pm
Adults only
Join us at Warehouse Eatery in Deerfield
for an evening of fun and food. Play one of
the many board games from the Library’s
collection. Choose from classic games
like Monopoly or Clue, or try one of our
modem games like Catan or Pandemic.
Don’t know how to play a specific game?
Don’t worry, we’ll be happy to teach you.
Appetizers will be served and prizes
awarded. Q
Give Back Event:
Blanketed by Love
Thursday, July 19, 7:00-8:30pm
Join us for an opportunity to help others
by making handmade blankets for people
in need. The Library is partnering with
Blanketed by Love, a local charitable
initiative started by Deerfield residents
Joanne & Rachel Gold, which has
donated more than 2,300 blankets to
shelters, hospitals, Ronald McDonald
Houses, food pantries and other deserving
organizations. Supplies will be provided
by the Library. Optional: Attendees are
welcome to bring one yard of‘Blizzard’
fleece as a donation. No special skills
required. Q
CATAN
The WWII Radio Hour with
Nostalgia Entertainment
Sunday July 29,2:00-3:00pm, All Ages
Join us for an afternoon of music that
will bring back memories of a time gone
by. Nostalgia Entertainment will perform
hits in period costumes from the time of
World War II. The show is a re-creation
of a live radio broadcast from the 1940’s
including songs and choreography in the
style of the Andrew Sisters, Abbott and
Costello style comedy, and a touching
tribute to our Veterans. Q
Make and Take Terrariums
Thursday, August 23, 7:00-8:00pm
Keep the summer going well into fall
and beyond with a terrarium you make
yourself. Local certified horticulturist
Wade Wheatley will lead you through the
science and design behind the perfect
terrarium. Participants will then create
their own mini ecosystem to take home.
Materials will be provided. Space is
limited. O
5
�Adult Programs
H Please register in advance at the Library, by phone at 847-945-3311 or at
immdeerfieldlibrary.org. Registration opens Wednesday, May 16.
Read Without Boundaries
D
TECH CONNECTIONS
Drop-in Tech Help
Alternate Thursdays
3:00-4:00pm Library Lobby
Staff will be available to answer
questions about your devices,
downloading books, music, and
movies from the Library’s website.
Each date will also highlight other
resources and services available
at the Library.
June 14:
Libby & Hoopla
June 28:
Virtual Reality
July 12:
TBA
July 26:
Mobile Device Library
Lending Program and
Streaming
There’s still plenty of time to sign up for our year-long reading program and challenge
yourself to read without boundaries! Each month we focus on a different theme,
designed to challenge you to try new authors, genres, and topics. We provide bookmarks
for each theme with reading suggestions. Patrons can choose a suggested title or
another title, as long as it fits the theme of the month.
Stop by the Adult Services desk for more information, and you can also sign up online at
deerfieldlibrary.beanstack.org/reader365. Prizes will be awarded monthly, and those
who complete all 12 months will be entered into a grand prize drawing.
Computer Upkeep and
Maintenance
3D Print Your Own
Luggage Tag
Thursday, June 7, 7:00-8:00pm
Whether new or old-it’s important to
keep your computer updated. Learn
how to keep your software current
and your hardware running. This is
an instructional class only, as staff is
unable to perform maintenance on
devices. ©
Monday, June 18, 7:00-8:30pm
Learn more about Tinkercad 3D
printing software and create your own
luggage tag to take with you on your
summer adventures. We’ll create a
tag together and then everyone will
have time to customize their creations
before submitting their projects.
Printingfees mil be waivedfor class
participants. ©
Introduction to Windows 10
Thursday, July 12, 7:00-8:00pm
Learn the basics of the Windows 10
operating system, and the differences
and similarities between Windows 10
and some of the previous versions. ©
August 9: A-Z Databases
August 23: iPad and iPhone
3D Print Your Own Cell
Phone Stand
Saturday, August 4,10:00-11:30am
Take your 3D printing skills to the next
level and learn how to use Tinkercad
to create a stand for your cell phone.
We’ll create the basic stand together,
and then have some time to customize
our creations before submitting the
projects. Printingfees will be waived
for class participants. ©
Our monthly DPL podcast is the perfect companion for a summer road trip, or a walk
around the neighborhood. Recent guests, all with a Deerfield connection or in town for
a special DPL presentation, include:
DEERFIELD
PUBLIC
LIBRARY
PODCAST
6
• Kyla Guru, DHS student, cybersecurity
educator, entrepreneur
• Jeffrey Brown, cartoonist
• Martin Clancy, Lake County Drug
Overdose Prevention
• Elizabeth Rynecki, author
• J.R. Jones, Chicago Reader
film critic
All podcasts are available at
deerfieldlibrary.org/podcast, and on
iTunes, Stitcher, and Google Play.
• Art Shay, photographer
�sf|, Please register in advance at the Library, online at deerfieldlibrary org under
' “Programs", or by calling 847-580-8962. Registration begins Wednesday, May 16.
NOTE: For Teen programs, Grades 6-12 are welcome. Exceptions are noted,
so please read each description carefully!
Finals Week @ the Library
Don’tforget to use the Libraryfor all of
your studying needs!
Group Study:
• 8 study rooms, seating 2-6 (Available
first-come, first-served)
• Teen Space and Lobby Cafe, flexible
seating
Quiet Study:
• Downstairs: Quiet Room (east
side), and tables and study carrels
throughout the level.
• Upstairs: Cozy chairs in front lobby and
in Magazine area, youth program room
open all day over the weekend (June
2-3) for quiet study.
Also, check out the “Relaxation Station”
in the Teen Space for coloring books
and quiet crafts to help you wind down.
*
Adventures in VR
Pizza and Paperbacks
Tuesday, June 12, 6:30-8:00pm
Welcome to the world of virtual reality!
Ttest out our Oculus Rift and experience
new adventures from around the world.
Plus, our Wii will be available for you to
play as you wait your turn. O
Wednesday July 18, 1:00-2:00pm
Join the Teen Librarian for a discussion
of The Girl rom
f Everywhere by Heidi
Heilig, while munchin’ on some pizza. If
weather permits, this event will be held
outdoors, picnic style! Please register in
advance, asfree copies of the book will
be given to participants to keep. Q
Introduction to Bullet
Journaling
Thursday, June 21, 7:00-8:0Opm
Teens and Adults
Have you tried planner after planner
only to fill out the first few months and
then quit? You’ve got to try the bullet
journal--a planner system that allows you
to express yourself in a creative way, stay
organized, and get things done. Learn
the basics and get lots of helpful ideas
to get you started. There will be time to
practice. Notebooks will be provided or
bring one ofyour own! 0
Sphero Aquatics
Monday June 25, 2:00-3:00pm
Get your goggles ready! We’ll make
bathing suits for our tiny robot friends,
then pop them into the pool to cool off.
Then we’ll use our awesome coding skills
to teach our Sphero robots how to swim!
o
Reading Takes You [veri/where:
Teen Summer Reading Program!
Saturday, June 9-Sunday, August5
Take some time out this summer and
celebrate Reading Takes You Everywhere
with awesome prizes and programs. Whether
it's reading a book, watching a movie, listening
to music, or attending a Teen program at the
Library, it all counts. Participants will be
entered into drawings for a variety of prizes,
including gift cards and the chance to win
a Nintendo Switch! Pick up a booklet in the
Teen Space or register online any time this
summer to get in gear. First 50 teens who
register get a beach towel.
ar
Minute to Win It: Outdoor
Awesomeness
Wednesday August 8, 2:00-3:00pm
Water balloons, pantyhose bowling, and
cookie faceplants? Check, check and
check! Bring your friends and compete in
wacky, mini outdoor games for the chance
to win equally goofy prizes and trophies!
o
Dungeons & Dragons
@ the Library
Mondays, July 16,23, 30
5:30-7:30pm
We’re back and ready for more
adventures! Immerse yourself in a vibrant
fantasy world as we play the role-playing
game Dungeons & Dragons. Over the
three sessions you’ll create a character
and put that character to work fighting
monsters, solving puzzles, and hopefully
saving the day, all while you are munchin’
on some pizza. No experience required!
Robotics in the Library!
Thursday, August 16, 7:00-8:00pm
Join us for another exciting hands-on
experience with Deerfield High School
First Itech Challenge (FTC) Robotics!
The First Tech Challenge exemplifies the
intersection of engineering, math, and
science, while exploring the incredible
and fun applications of robotics. Come
drive the robots and get hands on
experience with the tools and parts
we use. Absolutely no prior robotics
experience necessaiy, and be sure to
bring your friends to spread the FTC
spirit. 0
7
�Children’s Programs
All children’s activities, except those designated as “drop-in”, require registration. Please register in advance in person, online at
deerfieldlibrary. org under “Programs”, or by calling 847-580-8962. Registrationfor all oftheprograms listed here begins on
Wednesday, May 16.
Family Friendly programs with multi-age appeal and group registration option
In addition to specific programs offered for children with special needs, we are also happy to make reasonable accommodations so that your
child can participate in all our programs. For more information about programs and services for children with special needs, please contact
Julia Frederick atjfrederick@deerfieldlibrary.org.
FF
Children's Summer Reading Program
Saturday, June 9 - Sunday, August 5
Children ages birth through 5th grade
Let reading take you on an adventure as you explore new worlds and learn
about people, places, and things you might never otherwise encounter. Join
in the fun by participating in our summer reading program, Reading Takes You
Everywhere! Children will receive a prize just for signing up aind those who
complete the program will receive a paperback book of their c hoice and will
be entered into drawings for a variety of prizes, including the chance to win a
Nintendo Switch! Be sure to check out ail of the library's exciting, free activities
all summer long!
•
Summer Reading Kick-off day is Saturday, June 9, 9:00am - 5:00pm
•
The first 500 children (Kindergarten-5th Grade) to register at the library for
Reading Takes You Everywhere will receive a beach towel. Children (birth to
pre-k) will receive a beach ball.
•
Children who finish the reading program after it officially ends on
Sunday, August 5, will receive a paperback book of their choice.
Special Kick-off Day activities from 11:00am -2:00pm
• Face Painting
Photo Booth
,$S4D\V£>
V
Drop-In Activities
Family Time
Saturdays at 10:00am, June 2 -August 25
Children with an adult
Come to the Youth Program Room for a dropin storytime the whole family will enjoy!
Picnic Stories
Thursdays, June 14-August 2, 12:00pm
Children with an adult
Bring a bag lunch and enjoy stories for
the whole family in the Youth Program
Room at the Library.
Outdoor Storytime
Wednesday June 13, 11:00am, All Ages
Join us in Jewett Park for an outdoor
storytime!
8
Storytime Takes You Everywhere
Deerfield Scavenger Hunt
Fridays, June 15,29, July 6, 20, August 3
10:30am, All Ages
Travel the world through stories, songs,
and fingerplays! Each week will feature a
different part of the world.
Saturday, June 9-Sunday August 5
Children through 5th grade
Travel around the library and learn
interesting facts about different countries
while competing for worldly treasures.
Stop by each week to complete a new
challenge.
Drop-in Craft
Monday, June 18 - Sunday, June 24
Monday, July 16 - Sunday, July 22
Monday, August 6 -Sunday, August 12
Children with an adult
Stop by the Youth Services department to
make a fun craft!
Where’s Penelope?
Saturday, June 9-Sunday, August 5
Children through 5th grade
Penelope the pig is off on a trip! Stop by
each week to see her vacation photos.
If you can figure out where she is each
week, you’ll be entered to win a prize.
Rocket Reader
Around the World
Saturday June 9-Sunday
August 5
Children through 5th grade
Take a picture with Rocket Reader
and share with it us for a chance to be
featured on the Library’s social media
feeds. Take Rocket Reader with you
on your travels about town, across the
country, or around the world!
�Book Buddies!
Green Screen Adventures
DIY Paper Circuit Art
June 12 through July 26 (no meeting
during week ofJuly 3)
Tuesdays, 6:45-7:30pm
Wednesdays, 4:45-5:30pm OR
Thursdays, 6:45-7:30pm
Readers entering Grades 1-3
Volunteers entering grades 7 through
12 will be matched with young readers
in this fun program. Buddies will meet
once a week for six weeks to read aloud,
play games, make crafts, and have fun!
Children must be able to attend at least
5 of the 6 sessions to participate in the
program. Space is very limited. In order
to participate, parents must fill out an
application available at the Library.
Applications must be returned within 3
days of registration. ©
Monday, June 18, 4:30-5:30pm
Ages 8-12
Have you ever imagined yourself under
the ocean, in outer space, or atop a
magical tower? A green screen can take
you there! Come and learn how to use this
movie-making technology to create your
own imaginative images. Q
Monday, June 25, 4:00-5:00pm
Ages 7-12
Create your own light-up art using paper
circuits and LEDs! Q
Royalty Around the World
Art Takes You Everywhere
Tuesdays, June 12, June 26,
July 10, July 24
4:00-5:00pm, Ages 7-10
Travel the world through art! Each week
we’ll learn about a new country and
create an art project for you to take
home. O
LEGO Club
Thursday, June 14, July 19, and August 16
4:00-5:00pm, All Ages
Join us for an hour of building and show
off your creativity at LEGO® Club! Build
your own design or follow the monthly
challenge, ff
Book Bites: Comic Club!
Friday, June 15, 4:00-5:00pm
Ages 8-12
Do you like to read graphic novels
like Smile and Amulet’! Join us in
a conversation around the book
Pashmina. We’ll discuss the book and
other comics we love while munchin’ on
snacks. Register early, as free copies of
Pashmina will be given to participants.
Please let us know in advance about any
food allergies or restrictions. ©
Sherlock Holmes Escape Room
Wednesday June 27, 4:30-5:30pm
Ages 8-12
Moriarty has hatched another devious
plot and Sherlock Holmes needs you to
join the Baker Street Irregulars to put a
stop to him. Crack codes, solve ciphers,
and escape the room! Q
Saturday, June 30,11:00-11:45 am
Ages 3-6, with an adult
Let’s celebrate princesses and princes
from all over the world through stories,
crafts and games. You are welcome to
dress up for the festivities! Q
Vagabonding for Kids!
World Record Breakers
Wednesday, June 20, 4:30-5:30pm
Ages 5-8
Brian Michalski has traveled the world
from Australia and Asia to Europe,
Mexico, and Cuba. Join him to learn all
about exploring new places, discovering
unique cultural traditions, eating exotic
foods, helping others and stepping
outside your comfort zone at this
interactive program! Q
Monday, July 9, 4:00-5:00pm
Ages 6-10
Learn about weird-but-true world records
(like those tracked by Guinness World
Records) and participate in challenges
relating to records that have been set
using household items like books, pencils
and socks. Q
Summer Dance Jam
Fridays, June 22, August 10
11:00-11:45am
For children up to age
6 with an adult
Shake your sillies out
at this action-packed
dance program.
Children will find their
rhythm with shakers
while singing along to
their favorite songs.
No registration required! ff
Campfire Stories
Tuesday, July 10, 7:00-7:30pm
Children of all ages, with an adult
Come dressed in your pajamas and bring
your favorite stuffed animal to share in
the fun! © ff
Time Travelers
Wednesdays, July 11-August 1
10:30-11:15am
Ages 3-6, with an adult
We’ll visit a different place and time in
history each week through stories, crafts
and other fun activities. ©
9
�Children’s Programs
Stories Under the Sea /
Thursday, July 12,4:30-5:15pm
Ages 5-7
Take a dive into the deep blue sea as we
read books about fish, create a colorful
fish craft, and have a special snack.
Please let us know in advance about any
food allergies or dietary restrictions. Q
!
SENSORY PROGRAMS No registration required!
Sensory Storytime
Sensoiy Friendly Family Film
Friday July 13, 11:00am-12:00pm
All Ages
Join us for an inclusive and
interactive storytime filled with
stories, songs, sensory play, and
socialization! Children of all abilities
with their siblings and caregivers are
welcome. Please let us know if any
accommodations are required, ff
Wednesday, August 8, 3:30-5:30pm
All Ages
Enjoy the film, Coco, with the whole
family at the Library! The Library
welcomes families and children of
all abilities to enjoy a movie with the
lights turned up, the sound turned
down, and the option to walk, dance,
and sing, during the movie. (PG, 1 hr.
49 min.) ff
3D Design and Print
Little KiDLS and KiDLS:
Around the World
Saturday July 14
Ages 4-6, with an adult: 11:00-11:45am
Ages 7-10: 1:00-2:00pm
Take a trip around the world! Explore
different cultures through games, a craft
and stories. Q
Tuesday July 17 OR
Tuesday August 14
4:00-5:00pm
Ages 7-10
Are you ready to tiy 3D modeling and
printing? Join us to learn how to design
3D objects in Tinkercad, create your
own project, and have it printed on our
3D printer! Feesfor 3Dprinting will be
waivedfor participants in this program.
o
YouTube Science!
Wednesday, July 25
4:00-5:30pm
Ages 8-12
Have you ever wanted to do the science
experiments you see on YouTube, but
didn’t have the space, ingredients, or
time? Come to the Libraiy to test out
elephant toothpaste, galaxy slime, and
more! Q
Throwback Tech
Ukulele Sing-a-long
Monday, July 16,11:00-11:45am
All Ages
Join our own Miss Julia for a familyfriendly ukulele sing along with some of
your favorite children’s tunes! ff
10
Friday July 27, 4:00-5:00pm
Ages 6-10
Have you ever played a Game Boy? Do
you know how to dial a rotary telephone?
Join us for some retro fun as we complete
challenges relating to “old school”
technology and create an upcycled tech
project 0
Let’s Dance
Saturday July 28, 2:30-3:30pm
Ages 6 and up, with an adult
Get inspired by the beauty of Indian
music and dance at this interactive
workshop hosted by Bolly DanceFit.
Dance experts will get you movin’ and
groovin’ and by the end you’ll be able to
strut some of your own Bollywood dance
moves! 0
Dragons Love Tacos Party
Saturday August 11, ll:00am-12:00pn
Ages 4 and up with a grown-up
Calling all Dragons Love Tacos fans! At
this family-friendly gathering, we will
play games, do a craft, and celebrate
dragons, tacos, and the popular picture
book series by Adam Rubin and Daniel
Salmieri. 0 ff
Bristlebot Battle
Monday August 13, 4:00-5:00pm
Ages 7-10
Come build and battle with robots you’ll
build out of toothbrush heads and micro
motors! 0
�More to Know
require a password to
connect, they’re also a
good tool for those that
don’t want to use an
unsecured public Wi-Fi
connection (don’t
worry - password
included when
you check out our
hotspot!).
Have Mobile HotSpot, will Travel!
No internet connection? No problem! Come check out
one of our new mobile hotspots to access the internet
anywhere* on any of your devices.
Here’s how it works...
Mobile hotspots allow you to share a wireless network
connection with other devices so they can access the
internet. Devices connect to the mobile hotspot using their
Wi-Fi feature.
Patrons 18 and up with a valid Deerfield Library card can
check out a mobile hotspot. You can borrow the hotspot for
seven (7) days.
lb learn how to
connect, please refer
to the printed instructions that come with the hotspot at
checkout or watch our eTutor video on YouTube.
Why would I want to borrow one?
*Please note that a Sprint Cellular Network connection is
required to use a Mobile HotSpot device. If, hoivever, you are
outside ofthe carrier’s network the device will not connect
and work.
Mobile hotspots are a great resource for those without an
internet connection. Whether you need to connect at home,
or you’re traveling and need to connect in an airport or hotel
room, the mobile hotspot is for you. Since mobile hotspots
°%
KZs Friends of the Deerfield Public Library
• Thank You to Barb Reich for being one of our founding members, and
her 10 years of service on the Board. Barb is moving to New York for a new
adventure. We wish her lots of good luck and happy times.
• Wearecollecting gently us«d Cookbooks and Children’s books for our
summer sale at the Deerfieeld Farmer’s Market on August 4. They may be
dropped off at the Library.
• Treasurer/Board Member Wanted: The Friends are seeking a resident
from Deerfield, Bannockburn, or Riverwoods to serve as Treasurer. All
potential Board Members will be asked to complete a board candidate
application, and attend two (2) Board meetings, after which a vote will be
taken to be elected onto the Board. If interested, please leave a message at
847-945-3311, x8895. Thank you!
• Become a Friend: Membership dollars help fund items for the Library. We
can’t do it without your help! You can use the form below, or join online at
deerfieldlibrary.org/friends-of-the-library.
The Friends can be contacted at 847-945-3311 x8895 or at friends@
deerfieldlibrary.org. Check for updates on our web page or Faoebook.
ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
Your annual membership will enhance the materials and programs at our library so that it will better serve you and your family.
I would like to become a member of Friends of the Deerfield Public Library for a year at the following level:
_$15-$29
Good Friend
_$100—$249 Best Friend
_$30—$49 Family Friend
_$250—$499 Loyal Friend
NAME.
_$50—$99 Dear Friend
_ $500 + Partner
.ADDRESS.
(List name(s| as should appear in our publications)
PHONE.
E-MAIL.
□ Please check this box if you do not want your name listed in any publication.
PAYMENT OPTIONS: 1) Credit card: deerfieldlibraxy.org/friends-of-the-library 2) Checks payable to: Friends of the
Deerfield Public Library, 920 Waukegan Rd. Deerfield, IL 60015
The Friends are a 501 (c) (3) nonprofit group. Contributions may be deductible under IRS regulations.
Does your company have a matching gift program?
11
�Deerfield Public Library
920 Waukegan Road
Deerfield, Illinois 60015
Non Profit Org.
U.S. Postage
PAID
Deerfieeld,IL
No. 196
Important Library Numbers
• Telephone: 847-945-3311
• Library home page and catalog:
www.deerfleldlibrary.org
• To ask a reference question:
reference@deerfleldlibraiy.org
Carrier Route Presort
Deerfield Postal Patron
Iprinted WITH I
ISOY INK!
Upcoming Holiday Closings and Late Openings
THE LIBRARY WILL CLOSE AT 3PM
Tuesday, July 3
LIBRARY LOBBY OPEN 11AM - 2PM 4TH of July
Stop in for complimentary w ater and clean
restrooms in the Library's lobby
THE LIBRARY WILL BE CLOSED ALL DAY
Wednesday, July 4 - Independence Day
Deerfield Public Library
Amy Falasz-Peter
library Director
847-58043901
afalaszpeterson@deerfleldlibrary.org
Library BoardMembers value
your opinions!
Maureen Wener, President
847-530-8408
wenerm@yahoo.com
Ken Abosch, Secretary
847-948-5390
ksabosch@aol.com
Seth Schriftman, Treasurer
847-770-2530
sethschiiftman@gmail.com
Luisa Ellenbogen
312-543-7258
rmgshgmom@yahoo.com
Mike Goldberg
847-945-0076
mikegoldberg@mac.com
Howard Handler
312-925-2597
hhandler@deerfieldlibraiy.org
Kyle Stone
248-762-1309
kyle.evan.stone@gmail.com
Library Hours
Mon.-Thurs: 9:00am-9:00pm
9:00am-6:00pm
Pi ay:
irday:
9:00am-5:00pm
Sunday:
1:00pm-5:00pm
Thursday, August 16
Couldn’t Have Done it
Without You!
A sunny round of thanks to the Friends
of the Deerfield Public Library for
sponsorship of the beach towels for
the Youth Summer Reading Program
sign-up prize.
Many thanks to Whole Foods Deerfield
for loaning the shopping cart for the
lobby collection for our March food drive.
Colorful thanks to North Shore Comics
for their help with our Free Comic
Book Day.
Our April shoe recycling initiative kept
720 pairs of shoes out of landfills! Very
special thanks to Rosie Smith for her
enthusiastic assist organizing donations
for delivery to our partners at SWALCO.
(l-r); Library Director Amy Falasz-Peterson,
DHS artist Ryan Wilde, and FineArts teacher
TimBleck
Summer Reading Logo
Competition Winner
The dynamic Reading Takes You Everywhere
logo (featuring the new DPL “Rocket
Reader”) was created by Deerfield High
School senior Ryan Wilde. Ryan’s design was
chosen through a competition organized for
artists in the AP graphic design class taught
by Tim Bleck.
Enjoy special Summer Reading Kick-off Day activities from 11am-2pm:
Face Painting • Photo Booth
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Deerfield Public Library Browsing Newsletters
Description
An account of the resource
The historical archive of the Browsing newsletter, which is the quarterly newsletter put out by the Deerfield Public Library and lists all of the programming as well as news for the library.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0010
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1986-present
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Browsing | Deerfield Public Library | Summer 2018
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
06/2018
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Searchable PDF
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0010.128
3D Printing
A Distant Heart
A to Z Database
Abbott and Costello
Adam Rubin
Amazon Kindle eReaders
Amulet
Amy Falasz-Peterson
Andrew Sisters
Arthur Shay
Asia
Audrey Ko
Australia
Baker Street Irregulars
Bannockburn Illinois
Barbara Reich
Blanketed by Love
Bolly DanceFit
Bollywood
Boston Marathon Bombing
Brian Michalski
Bristlebot
Bullet Journaling
Chicago Reader
Clue
Coco
Coding
Cuba
Cybersecurity
Daniel Salmieri
David Grann
Deerfield Art
Deerfield Farmers Market
Deerfield Golf Club
Deerfield High School
Deerfield High School Finals Week
Deerfield High School Fine Arts Department
Deerfield High School First Tech Challenge (FTC) Robotics
Deerfield Illinois
Deerfield Public Library
Deerfield Public Library Adult Services Department
Deerfield Public Library Art
Deerfield Public Library Board Games
Deerfield Public Library Board of Trustees
Deerfield Public Library Book Buddies
Deerfield Public Library Book Discussions
Deerfield Public Library Browsing Newsletter
Deerfield Public Library Dungeons and Dragons
Deerfield Public Library Electronic Book Collection
Deerfield Public Library Email
Deerfield Public Library Kids in Deerfield Love Science (KiDLS)
Deerfield Public Library Magazines
Deerfield Public Library Mobile Device Lending Library
Deerfield Public Library Movie Showings
Deerfield Public Library Podcast
Deerfield Public Library Print Collection
Deerfield Public Library Programming
Deerfield Public Library Public Library Access and Community for Everyone (PLACE)
Deerfield Public Library Read Without Boundaries
Deerfield Public Library Sensory Friendly Programs
Deerfield Public Library Statistics
Deerfield Public Library Storytimes
Deerfield Public Library Study Rooms
Deerfield Public Library Summer Reading Programs
Deerfield Public Library Technology Classes
Deerfield Public Library Tours
Deerfield Public Library Website
Deerfield Public Library Youth Services Department
Dragons Love Tacos
Dungeons and Dragons
Elizabeth Rynecki
Europe
Exit West
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Free Comic Book Day
Friends of the Deerfield Public Library
Friends of the Deerfield Public Library Board
Ghostbusters
Google Play
Green Screen
Guinness World Records
Heidi Heilig
Hoopla
Horticulturalists
Howard Handler
India
Indian Music
iPad
iPhone
iTunes
J.R. Jones
Jeffrey Brown
Jessmyn Ward
Jewett Park
Joanne Gold
John Steinbeck
Julia Frederick
K-9 Comfort Dogs
Kenan Abosch
Killers of the Flower Moon
Kyla Guru
Kyle Stone
Lake County Drug Overdose Prevention
Las Vegas Nevada
LEGO
Libby by Overdrive
Lisa Devi
Luisa Ellenbogen
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
Martin Clancy
Maureen Wener
Mexico
Michael Gershbein
Michael K. Goldberg
Mobile Hotspots
Mohsin Hamid
Monopoly
New York
Nintendo Game Boy
Nintendo Wii
North Shore Comics
Nostalgia Entertainment
Oculus Rift
Oklahoma
Osage Nation
Pandemic
Panera Bread
Parkland Florida
Pashmina
Penelope the Pig
Rachel Gold
Robotics
Ronald McDonald Houses
Rosie Smith
Ryan Wilde
Sandy Hook New York
Searchable PDF
Seth Schriftman
Settlers of Catan
Sherlock Holmes
Shoe Recycling
Sing Unburied Sing
Smile
Solid Waste Agency of Lake County (SWALCO)
Sonali Dev
Sound Healing
Sphero
Sprint Cellular Network
Stitcher
Terrariums
The Girl from Everywhere
Things Unseen Designs
Tim Bleck
Tinkercad
Travels with Charley
Very Smart People
Virtual Reality
Wade Wheatley
Warehouse Eatery
Whole Foods
Wifi Hotspots
Windows 10
World War II
World War II Radio Hour
YouTube
-
https://archives.deerfieldlibrary.org/files/original/d7c7a70ca9239d64e5fed3cfd3de4698.pdf
985d7a2eb78a3f98b484e6bb4f35e75f
PDF Text
Text
www.deerfieldlibrary.org
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Our Heartland Celebration!
You are Welcome to Attend, 2pm, Sunday, March 21.
The Unveiling of the Lars-Birger Sponberg Painting
A resident of Deerfield for over 50 years, artist Lars-Birger Sponberg has painted a
Midwest landscape that is gracing the wall above our Circulation Desk, the
first thing you see as you enter the library. Sponberg’s career spans nine
decades, and his work has been shown in solo exhibits and group shows in
the Chicago area, Sweden and New York and can be found in numerous
private and corporate collections.
Most recently he has painted “Midwest landscapes” as seen from the road
side. They invite the viewer to enter into the rural landscape on intimate
terms. The library’s painting, McHeniy County, according to Sponberg
“was in my mind for quite some time. Basically it is a real scene (near
Richmond, IL) but I’ve changed and added and done what artists do.”
His intention was to make a good painting, and the scenery is secondary.
Lars-Birger Sponberg works on
our library painting in his
Deerfield home.
Deerfield’s Peter Nye and the Chicago Blue Grass Band
Deerfield’s Peter Nye and the Chicago Blue Grass Band will entertain at the March 21
event with “slamming traditional bluegrass music with a big city wallop”. This internation
ally acclaimed group, a favorite at the Old Town School of Music, will focus on the heart
land. (See Adult Programs)
Refreshments for the afternoon will be donated by Deerfield’s Whole Foods Market.
We love Deerfield and
want the library to
be important to the
community. A focus on
Deerfield is our library’s
overriding spring theme.
As you look through our
newsletter, you will see
that we are highlighting
our community, its
citizens and its talents.
Eighth Annual Rosemary Sazonoff
Creative Writing Contest
I Love Deerfield! • March 8-April 3
This is the year of the / Love Deerfield writing contest, espe
cially appropriate as Rosemary Sazonoff, a former library
board member, was a Deerfield community activist and writer
in whose memory the contest was named. You are asked to write
your memories of Deerfield or what Deerfield means to you. For adults, this
should be a “non-fiction” piece of your real world. Entry forms are available at
the Reference Desk. At 2pm Sunday, April 25 we will hold the winners’ reception.
At this time we will video, with writer’s permission, the writer’s memories for posterity.
The Youth Services Department holds a separate writing contest. Write a poem, essay or
story about Deerfield. Reception will be at 7pm Thursday, April 15. For details see Youth
Services page. Cash prizes will be awarded in the adult and children’s contests.
�Adult Programs
Programs are free but reservations are requested.
What’s Going on in
The World????
Hurricane Sax Quartet
Tuesdays, 7:30pm
Great Decisions Foreign Policy Association
discussion group continues through March 23.
Fridays, 10am
Current Events Roundtable meets twice a
month. March 5, 19; April 2, 16. and May 7,
21. You are welcome to stop in to each of
these lively group discussions.
•
*
*
And out of This World!
Saturn and Mars Explored
Wednesday, March 3, 7pm
NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Solar
System Ambassador John Vittallo talks
about the exciting happenings in space.
Learn about Saturn and the spacecraft
expected to land in July, 2004 and the
up-to-the-minute discoveries of the Spirit
and Opportunity rovers on Mars.
Legendary Sicily,
Crossroads of Civilization
Tuesday, March 9, 7pm
Visit this three-cornered island in the sun
with one of our favorites, Claire Copping
Cross. Since ancient times, Sicily has been
the meeting point of different people:
Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Phoenicians and
Normans who each left their indelible mark.
Co-sponsors: AAUW.
Dyed in the Wool
Celebrates St. Paddy’s Day
Monday, March 15, 7pm
This popular Irish band offers a mixture of
American and Celtic traditions: dance music
and song, classic and contemporary, folk,
reels, jigs and hornpipes.
Thursday, March IS, 7:15pm
Northwestern University Music School
graduates have performed widely all over
the world and will bring us all styles of
music from Bach to the Beatles and beyond.
Baritone sax Holly Copeland Aaronson is a
Deerfield resident. This is a Deerfield Fine
Arts Showcase co-sponsored with the
library.
Deerfield’s Peter Nye and the
Chicago Blue Grass Band
Sunday, March 21, 2pm
Our music series climaxes at our Heartland
event at which we will unveil the painting
over the Circulation Desk by Deerfield artist
Lars-Birger Sponberg. The concert promises
to be a toe- tapping bluegrass experience:
traditional American music with a healthy
dose of original tunes about hard times,
love, death and home! Join us for this warm.
“down-home” event! Refreshments served.
Career Advice
Tuesday, March 23, 9:30am to 11:30am
Reserve a free half hour time slot for an
individual career counseling session with
JVS Career Planning Counselor Roberta
Glick. You must register in advance.
Genealogy on the Internet
Wednesday, April 14, 7pm
Tracing your family tree can be an exciting
journey filled with discovery. Many people
are unaware of how easy it is to gather
genealogical information free through the
Internet. Author/genealogist Nancy
Shepherdson shows how to navigate web
sites for beginners and experienced
researchers. Co-sponsor: Deerfield Area
Historical Society.
National Library Week
April 18-24
Visit the Deerfield Public Library!
8th Annual Rosemary Sazonoff
Writing Contest Reception
Sunday, April 25, 2pm
Awards will be presented to the winners of
the I Love Deerfield Memories Writing
Contest. Winners should be prepared to read
their works which will be videotaped for
posterity. Held in conjunction with the
Deerfield Historical Society.
The Public Art of Private Lives,
with Author Lauren Cowen
Thursday, April 29, 7:15pm
This award-winning Deerfield native is a
writer and journalist who has written exten
sively for magazines and literary journals
and published two books. She’ll explain
how to bring relationships to the written
page, how to find extraordinary stories in
everyday life and how to work with a pho
tographer. Her books are Daughters and
Mothers and Girlfriends. Co-sponsor:
Deerfield Fine Arts Commission.
Designing for
Continuous Bloom
Wednesday, May 5, 7pm
The “Gifted gardener” Pam Duthie, instruc
tor at the Chicago Botanic Garden and
national lecturer on garden design, will offer
insiders’ tips on how to achieve continuous
bloom in your garden: starting with a core
group of perennials, plant care, prolonging
the blooming time and extending your sea
son of interest from spring to winter. Duthie
has written two gardening books among the
best in this subject.
Demystifying Digital
Photography
Tuesday, May 11, 7pm
Thinking of buying a digital camera? Get
the information you need from professional
photographer Roger Mattingly. He has been
using a digital camera for nine years and
will share his knowledge about brands, fea
tures and pricing.
�A Review of the Deerfield Public Library’s
Long Range Planning Process—2001-2004
ver the past year and a half the
library board has been working on
a plan to create a library that
serves patrons’ needs now and in the
future. We would like to share with the
community our work in progress. Our goal
is to plan for the library to continue to be a
source of pride to Deerfield.
The current library was built in 1969 to
house 61,500 items in 32,500 square feet.
Today that same space houses 180,000
volumes. At that time the library employed
14 staff. Today we employ 46 staff mem
bers. We have added music, video and
audio collections. There were no comput
erized catalogs, Internet and no cabling for
a computer network. There was no separate
fiction room. Since 1992, the library has
expanded facilities and services within the
limitations of the present building. We
have reached our space limit and cannot
adapt newer technologies or new services
to our existing structure.
Our vision statement: The Deerfield
Public Library is an educational resource,
cultural center, community gathering place,
and a gateway to technology. The library
will promote lifetime learning. We will
offer all the programs, materials, and ser
vices necessary to participate in the world
of ideas and provide our patrons with the
tools to succeed in the future.
O
Steps the board and staff have
completed:
• Formation of a long-range planning
committee
• Review of previous long term planning
committee reports
• Review of several years of suggestions
from Librarian in the Lobby
• Seminar to identify core values
• Salary Survey
• Demographic Study
• Commissioned and reviewed Space
Utilization survey by nationally
recognized library consultant Anders
Dahlgren
• Prepared technology assessment and
plan
• Public Opinion Laboratory of Northern
Illinois University designed and carried
out phone survey of over 1000 area res
idents and conducted twelve focus
groups
• Conducted a needs assessment based on
all of the above
• Anders Dahlgren prepared a detailed
strategic facilities plan, assessment of
library service goals, service delivery
options and space needs. He recom
mended the need for an 80,979 squarefoot facility with an optimum of 86,583
square feet.
The Identified space needs
(*n no special order):
• Drive-up book drop
• Room to expand collection
• Expanded audio visual department.
• Expanded and well organized audio
book area
• Easier access to all materials: 4- foot
aisles and appropriately sized shelving
(no higher than 6 feet and lowest shelf
2 feet off floor)
• More tables, carrels, casual seating and
available quiet space.
• Additional parking
• Self check-out technology and automat
ed book routing and materials control
• Information desk at library entrance
• Study rooms
• Theater/auditorium
Larger public computer access area
Community meeting space
Copier and word processing center
Technology training area
Suitable office and technical space
for staff
Young adult room
Local history area
Arts and crafts program area for
children
• Exhibit space for art and cultural
exhibits
• Refreshment area
I
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Service Needs:
• Extended hours
• Wireless computer access for patrons
• Interactive learning centers
• Expanded and more easily accessible
audio visual material
• More programs for all ages
• Facilities and equipment for regular
movie nights, concerts and theater
presentations
Additional Staff Needs:
• Staff to cover extended hours
• Information technology management
specialist
• Technical assistant for library computer
users
• Audio visual area personnel
• Staff for information desk
• Graphic artist
• School outreach coordinator
• Community outreach coordinator
Steps to be completed:
• Create staff service goals and objec
tives.
• Hire architect for structural study of
current building to examine feasibility
of expanding current building on
present site.
• Review building consultant report. The
results will determine whether to 1)
build up, 2) build a new library, 3) build
on this site, or 4) find a new site.
• Identify and hire an architect to work
with Mr. Dahlgren, board and staff to
write a building program with specifics.
• Hire an expert in funding development
for library building projects to explore
financing. Possibilities might include
formation of a district library, private
donations, and fund raising.
• With expert and community involve
ment, develop a specific plan for a
capital project and implement financing
recommendations.
• Implement building plan.
• Design, acquire, and place library
fixtures.
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�Drop-In Events & Activities
Lucky Shamrocks
March 1-31
Put your wish on a lucky shamrock and we’ll
hang it up for the leprechauns to find!
■ Reference Librarian John Keisey offers a program on job
searching on the Internet at the Village of Deerfield’s Job
Seekers Workshop 8:30am Saturday, March 13.
■ Note the new Catalog Quick Search “button” on our
home page, www.deerfieldiibrary.org. You can skip some
of the in-between steps and go directly to the online
catalog.
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■ We love your donations of current books in good
condition. Please bring them in to the Circulation Desk.
Do not put them on sale shelves, free basket or book drop!
3 £2
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■ When you renew items via the automated system
(847-945-3782) or online www.deerfieldlibrary.org, please
write the new due date on your book’s date due slip.
The date is given to you.
Entry forms available Marchl, clue by 5pm
Saturday, March 27. Voting begins Saturday,
April 3 and ends Friday, April 30. There will
be winners in each age category and the
“Overall Favorite” will be given out as a prize
during our Summer Reading Program.
Toddler Times
March 5 &18; April 2 & 15; May 7 & 20 at
11am in the Picture Book Room
This special storytime designed for toddlers
and their caregivers is offered on the first
Friday and third Thursday of each month.
■ If your library card has expired, you must bring a valid
i.d. to the Circulation Desk in order to update.
(Cards expire after 3 years.)
Rosemaiy Sazonoff Creative
Writing Contest: I Love
Deerfield!
■ If you forget your library card, we will check your items
out with a valid i.d. and 25 cents. Otherwise, we will
gladly hold your items for 2 days.
■ Linda Shepherd, Business Office at the library, is a
Notary Public. She can assist patrons.
Youth Services Bookmark
Contest!
T
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Thursday Book Discussions
In the Fiction Room
■ March 11,10:30am
Crow Lake by Mary Lawson
Successful zoologist Kate Morrison
reflects on the traumatic events of her
Ontario childhood, and how they still
cast a shadow over the present.
■ April 15,7:30pm
Child of My Heart by Alice McDermott
Theresa, an introspective and unusually
perceptive narrator, recalls the summer
of her 15th year on the east end of
Long Island.
■ March 25,7:30pm
Bread Alone by Judith Ryan Hendricks
A woman devastated by divorce finds
redemption working at a neighborhood
bakery.
M
n
■ April 8, 10:30am
Einbers by Sandor Marai
A retired European general readies his
castle to receive an old friend whose
perceived act of betrayal has kept
them apart for over 40 years.
■ May 13,10:30am
The Secret Life of Bees
by Sue Monk Kidd
Lily and her beloved black nanny,
Rosaleen, flee from Lily’s abusive
father to Tiburon, South Carolina,
home of the beekeeping Boatwright
sisters.
■ May 20,7:30pm
The Dive from Clausen’s Pier
by Ann Packer
After her fiance is paralyzed in a trag
ic accident, Carrie asks herself, “How
much do we owe the people we love?”
Entry fonns available Monday, March 8, due
in by 5pm Saturday, April 3.
Write a poem, essay or story about Deerfield
Illinois. Cash prizes awarded to winners in
each age category. All participants are invited
to an evening reception in the Youth Services
Department on Thursday, April 15 at 7pm.
TV Turnoff Week: April 19-25
(This is also National Library Week!)
Turn off the TV and come to the library! Write
a letter to your favorite author on our special
stationery and we’ll mail it for you. We’ll have
games and puzzles available all week, and
we’ll have drop-in crafts Monday through
Wednesday 4 -8pm.
Reading Round-Up Ends May 23!
Be sure to make your reports before 4:30pm
Sunday, May 23. If you have not finished your
log, don’t worry. You can pick up were you left
off next September.
�rmth Services
Registered Activities
Priority given to Deerfield residents/cardholders.
Spring Break Movie: Spy Kids
S*T*A*R Volunteers
Wednesday, March 31 from 12pm- 1:30pm.
Registration starts May 10 for the First
Registration begins Wednesday, March 3.
Session June 14 - July 10. Limited
Bring a bag lunch to eat while watching the to the first 20. Orientation sessions:
movie. We’ll supply drinks and dessert.
Saturday, May 22 at 11am or
This 88 minute film is rated PG for mild
Friday, June 4 at 4:30pm
profanity and action scenes and is recom
If you’re in grades 5-8 and enjoy working
mended for older school aged children.
with younger kids, you can be a S*T*A*R
Children under seven must be accompanied Volunteer and help us run our Summer
by an adult. Parents of more sensitive
Reading Program. You must come to one of
children might want to stay in the room as
the orientation sessions in order to partici
well.
pate. Sign up for the second session (July
12 - August 13) begins June 28 and will be
Kaya of the Nez Perce Party
limited to the first 20. For more informaSaturday, May 15 at
tion contact the Youth Services Desk.
10am for grades 2-4.
Internet Safety for Parents Only
Registration begins
Saturday, June 12 at 10am.
Friday, April 16.
Registration starts March 1.
Two hundred
School’s out and your kids will probably be
years ago Lewis
spending a lot of time on the computer.
and Clark began
Learn the most effective ways to keep your
their Voyage of
child safe and discover some great web
Discovery. Along
sites for the whole family. In order to
the way they met
address the concerns of parents this pro
members of the Nez Perce
gram is for parents only. Starbucks coffee
tribe. Learn about the Nez Perce and the
and Krispy Kreme doughnuts will be
newest American Girl, Kaya, through
served.
stories, crafts and snacks.
Family Fun Nights
J
Dinner and a Movie:
The Lion King
Thursday, March 11 at 7pm. Registration
starts February 26.
Bring a picnic dinner and welcome March in
like a lion with Disney’s new classic The Lion
King. We’ll supply drinks and dessert. This
film is 88 minutes long and rated G.
Spring Fling: Stories, Games
and Crafts
Thursday, April 29 at 7pm. Registration starts
Thursday, March 25.
Celebrate spring with stories, games and
crafts for the whole family!
Special Performances
Space is limited so register early. Priority
given to Deeifield residents/cardholders. Limit
of 5 seats per family. Children under 7 must
be accompanied by an adult. Please consider
the suggested age recommendations when
registering.
Registered Storytimes
Tuesday, April 13 - Thursday, May 13. A minimum of eight children is requiredfor each session,
the maximum is twelve to fifteen depending on the storytime. Limit one session per child.
Sessions may be added or canceled depending on demand. Registration begins Friday, March
12. Last day to register is Monday, April 19.
Family Stories
Stories ‘n’ More
Wednesdays at 10am. Ages 2'h- K
(children must bring an adult)
Stories for a variety of ages. Children must
be at least 272 to register (younger siblings
of registered children are welcome as
unregistered guests).
Tuesday at 10am and 1:30pm. Ages 3‘h -5
Children 372 to 5 attend this storytime without
an adult; however, their adult must remain in
the library.
After School Stories
Thursdays at 4:00 to 4:30pm. Grades K-2
This program for younger grade school
children features stories and crafts.
Joel Frankel’s Musical
Merriment
Saturday, April 17 at 10am. All ages.
Registration begins Saturday, March 20.
Don’t sit on a cactus! Come hear one of
Chicagoland’s most popular performers sing
old favorites as well as songs from his new
CD Ship of Chocolate Chips.
�NEW MAGAZINE AND JOURNAL SUBSCRIPTIONS!
Deerfield Public Library
Jack Hicks, Administrative Librarian
Library' Board
Sunday Mueller, President
Donald Van Arsdale, Secretary
David Wolff, Treasurer
Jeffrey Blumenthal
Sheryl Lamoureux
Jeff Rivlin
Ron Simon
Library Hours
Mon.-Thurs:
9:00 am - 9:00 pm
Friday:
9:00 am - 6:00 pm
Saturday:
9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Sunday:
1:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Editor: Sally Brickman
!
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Important Library Numbers
• Telephone: 847-945-3311
• Renew by phone
847-945-3782
• TTY: 847-945-3372
• Library' Home Page and Catalog:
www.deerfieldlibrary.org
0 Email:
deerfield.library@nslsilus.org.
To ask a reference question:
dfrefdesk@nslsilus.org
• FAX: 847-945-3402
• Village of Deerfield website:
deerfield-il.org
Financial Times, U.S. edition (daily, except
Sundays} (currant issues, Business Boom)
This newspaper is known as a leading source
for news about global business, economics,
finance, and politics. It includes daily reports
from around the world, plus many special
reports throughout the year on industries,
countries and markets.
V.. •;. ■ Tia index (quarterly, Adult
si 847.95 HOT)
Provides brief information on more than 50,000
hotels worldwide, with more extensive infor
mation available on the related website,
www.hotelandtravelindex.com.
KipUngers Retirement Report, (monthly)
(current i: '.'-Business Room)
This report offers strategies for retirement
investing, estate planning, and personal
finance and useful advice on many other
retirement-related topics, including health and
healthcare choices.
Nuts & Volts (monthly)
For the hands-on electronic hobbyist, this
magazine covers everything for electronics,
including fundamentals, analog and digital cir
cuit projects, emerging technologies, lasers,
supercomputers, microcontrollers and many
other topics.
Thrasher (monthly)
This magazine covers teen culture, especially
skateboarding, snowboarding, video games,
music and more, with lots of photos and inter
views included.
For the complete list of the library’s subscrip
tions to magazines, journals, and newspapers,
please inquire at the library’s reference
desk—or look for the list on the library’s web
site (www.deerfieldlibrary.org), then click
Reference, then Our Magazine Collection.
AMY SIMON MEMORIAL FUND
Established in memory of Amy Simon in 1991, this fund is targeted to books about
women’s studies in history and biography. Recent books added include: American Women,
Afghanistan, Mary Casatt, and Jane Goodall. Cards representing each gift are filed in a
reference desk catalog.
Deerfield Public Library
920 Waukegan Road
Deerfield, Illinois 60015
Non Profit Org.
U.S. Postage
PAID
Deerfield, IL
Permit No. 196
DEERFIELD
Dates to Remember
in the Library!
Free Income Tax Assistance
1pm to 4pm Tuesdays and Fridays through
April 13. No appointments necessary; bring
last year’s form. The library will have some
Illinois and Federal income tax forms for
patrons. Ask the AARP/advisors for info.
(Librarians are not trained by the IRS!)
Librarian in the Lobby
Talk informally with library administrators
1pm to 4pm second Saturday of each month.
Library Board
Meets 8pm, third Wednesday of each month.
Library Closings
The library will be closed Easter Sunday,
April 11 and Memorial Day, Monday, May 30.
Closed Sundays in summer beginning June 6.
Carrier Route Presort
Deerfield Postal Patron
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Deerfield Public Library Browsing Newsletters
Description
An account of the resource
The historical archive of the Browsing newsletter, which is the quarterly newsletter put out by the Deerfield Public Library and lists all of the programming as well as news for the library.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Deerfield Public Library
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0010
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
1986-present
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Browsing | Deerfield Public Library | Spring 2004
Description
An account of the resource
Vol. 19, No. 4
Wrong date printed -- crossed off with correct date written in pen.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Brickman, Sally
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Deerfield Public Library
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Deerfield Public Library
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
03/2004
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Searchable PDF
Language
A language of the resource
English
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DPL.0010.071
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
March - May 2004
Afghanistan
Alice McDermott
American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
American Association of University Women (AAUW)
American Girl Dolls
American Women
Amy Simon
Amy Simon Fund
Anders Dahlgren
Ann Packer
Arabs
Bluegrass Music
Bread Alone
Career Counseling
Chicago Blue Grass Band
Chicago Botanic Gardens
Chicago Illinois
Child of My Heart
Claire Copping Cross
Crow Lake
Daughters and Mothers
David B. Wolff
Deerfield Area Historical Society
Deerfield Demographics
Deerfield Fine Arts Commission
Deerfield Illinois
Deerfield Job Seeker's Workshop
Deerfield Public Library
Deerfield Public Library Adult Services Department
Deerfield Public Library Audio Visual Circulation
Deerfield Public Library Board of Trustees
Deerfield Public Library Board of Trustees Long Range Planning Committee
Deerfield Public Library Board of Trustees Trustee in the Lobby
Deerfield Public Library Book Discussions
Deerfield Public Library Book Drop Boxes
Deerfield Public Library Bookmark Contest
Deerfield Public Library Browsing Newsletter
Deerfield Public Library Card
Deerfield Public Library Catalog
Deerfield Public Library Circulation Policies
Deerfield Public Library Community Outreach
Deerfield Public Library Computer Network
Deerfield Public Library Current Events Roundtable
Deerfield Public Library Donations
Deerfield Public Library Facilities Plan
Deerfield Public Library Library Service Goals
Deerfield Public Library Long Range Planning
Deerfield Public Library Meeting Rooms
Deerfield Public Library Needs Assessment Study
Deerfield Public Library Online Resources
Deerfield Public Library Outreach
Deerfield Public Library Programming
Deerfield Public Library Renovations
Deerfield Public Library S*T*A*R Volunteers
Deerfield Public Library Salary Survey
Deerfield Public Library School Outreach
Deerfield Public Library Self Checkout Stations
Deerfield Public Library Space Needs
Deerfield Public Library Space Needs Assessment
Deerfield Public Library Staff
Deerfield Public Library Staff Service Goals
Deerfield Public Library Staff Service Objectives
Deerfield Public Library Storytimes
Deerfield Public Library Study Rooms
Deerfield Public Library Survey
Deerfield Public Library Technology Assessment
Deerfield Public Library Technology Classes
Deerfield Public Library Technology Plan
Deerfield Public Library Toddler Times
Deerfield Public Library TV Tune Out Week
Deerfield Public Library Vision
Deerfield Public Library Website
Deerfield Public Library Youth Services Department
Deerfield Website
Digital Camera
Digital Photography
Disney
Donald Van Arsdale
Dyed in the Wool
Embers
Europe
Federal Tax Forms
Financial Times
Foreign Policy Association
Foreign Policy Association Great Decisions Program
Genealogy
Girlfriends
Greeks
Holly Copeland Aaronson
Hotel and Travel Index
Hurricane Sax Quartet
Illinois Tax Forms
Income Tax Assistance
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Internet
Internet Safety
Irish Music
Jack A. Hicks
Jane Goodall
Jeffrey C. Blumenthal
Jeffrey Rivlin
Jewish Vocational Service (JVS) Career Planning Center
Joel Frankel
Johann Sebastian Bach
John Kelsey
John Vittallo
Judith Ryan Hendricks
Kate Morrison
Kaya of the Nez Perce
Kiplinger's Retirement Report
Lars Birger Sponberg
Lauren Cowen
Linda Shepherd
Long Island New York
Mars
Mary Casatt
Mary Lawson
McHenry County
Meriwether Lewis
Midwest Landscapes
Nancy Shepherdson
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
NASA JPL Solar System Ambassador
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
National Library Week
New York
Nez Perce
Normans
Northern Illinois University
Northwestern University
Northwestern University School of Music
Notary Public
Nuts and Volts
Old Town School of Music
Ontario Canada
Opportunity Mars Rover
Pam Duthie
Peter Nye
Phoenicians
Public Opinion Laboratory
Richmond Illinois
Roberta Glick
Roger Mattingly
Romans
Ronald Simon
Rosemary Sazonoff
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