Browse Items (30 total)
- Tags: Illinois Supreme Court
Court Overrules Deerfield, Ill., on Blocking Interracial Housing
Tags: Adlai E. Stevenson, Civil Rights, Deerfield Building Inspector, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Eminent Domain, Equal Protection of the Law, Illinois Supreme Court, Integrated Neighborhoods and Developments, Lake County Circuit Court, Land Condemnation, Morris Milgram, New York Times, Newspaper Article, Springfield Illinois, Stevenson Rifkind and Wirtz, United States Circuit Court of Appeals Seventh Circuit, United States Federal District Court of Chicago
Case No. 36207
Tags: Aaron v. Cooper, Alabama, Alabama Legislature, Allyn J. Franke, Bernard M. Decker, Chicago Illinois, Chicago National Bank, City of Chicago v. Vaccarro, Civil Rights, Controlled Occupancy Policy, County Board of School Trustees of Macon County v. Batchelder, Court Case Documents, Deerfield Building Code, Deerfield Illinois, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Deerfield Village Officials, Department of Public Works and Buildings v. Lewis, Detroit United Railway v. City of Detroit, Eminent Domain, Floral Park Model Homes, Floral Park Subdivision, Geographic Redistricting, Gerald C. Snyder, Gerrymandering, Gomillion v. Lightfoot, Housing Integration, Howard Hoosin, Illinois Supreme Court, Integrated Neighborhoods and Developments, John W. Hunt, Lake County Circuit Court, Lake County Illinois, Land Condemnation, Lewis D. Clarke, Ligare v. City of Chicago, Local Act 140 Alabama Legislature, Modern Community Developers Inc., Newton N. Minow, Norman Engelhardt Zimmerman Franke and Lauritzen, Park Referendum, Pear Tree Subdivision, Prima Facie Case, Progress Development Corporation, Progress Development Corporation v. Mitchell, Racial Discrimination, Redistricting Case, Richard G. Kahn, Roy J. Solfisburg Jr., Shelley v. Kraemer, Sinclair Refining Co. v. City of Chicago, Snyder Clarke Dalziel Holmquist and Johnson, Soon Hing v. Crowley, State Power, Stevenson Rifkind and Wirtz, Tedens v. Sanitary District of Chicago, Temporary Injunction, Temporary Restraining Order, Trustees of Schools of Township 37 North Range 11 Cook County Illinois v. Sherman Heights Corp., Tuskegee Alabama, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Circuit Court of Appeals Seventh Circuit, United States Constitution, United States Constitutional Limitations, United States Federal District Court, United States Supreme Court, W. Willard Wirtz, Waukegan Illinois, Westlaw
Deerfield Integration Battle Rages on Two-Court Front
Tags: Bernard M. Decker, Chicago Daily News, Deerfield Illinois, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, F. Ryan Duffy, Housing Integration, Illinois Supreme Court, Integrated Neighborhoods and Developments, John S. Hastings, Joseph Samuel Perry, Lake County Circuit Court, Lake County Treasurer, Land Condemnation, Latham Castle, Max Weinrib, Newspaper Article, Park Referendum, Progress Development Corporation, Temporary Injunction, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Federal District Court, United States Supreme Court
Case No. 12976
Tags: 1933 Securities Act, 1940 Investment Company Act, Aksel Peterson, Allyn J. Franke, Andrew G. Bradt, Arno D. Wehle, Barrows v. Jackson, Berle L. Schwartz, Blockbusting, Byron S. Matthews, Charles J. Calderini Jr., Chicago Illinois, Civil Rights, Civil Rights Act of 1866, Civil Rights Statutes, Cobb v. City of Malden, Collins v. Hardyman, Common Law Immunity, Connecticut, Consolidated General No. 71780, Controlled Occupancy Policy, Court Case Documents, David J. Maundrell, Deerfield Building Code, Deerfield Building Commissioner, Deerfield Building Inspector, Deerfield Citizens Committee, Deerfield Grammar School, Deerfield Illinois, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Deerfield School District #109, Deerfield School District #110, Deerfield School District #110 Board of Education, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees President, Deerfield Village Meetings, Deerfield Village Officials, Deerfield Zoning Ordinances, Delaware, Doeskin Products v. United Paper Co., Donald W. Keller, Dudley L. Dewey, Edward J. Kelly, Edward J. Walchli, Equal Protection of the Law, F. Ryan Duffy, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Floral Park Subdivision, Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause United States Constitution, Frank M. Blake, Free Speech, Freedom of Expression, Frost and Co. v. Coeur D'Alene Mines Corp., George B. Christensen, Gerald C. Snyder, Gomillion v. Lightfoot, Harold A. Petit, Harold C. Lewis, Harold L. Peterson, Hartfore Acc. and Indem. Co. v. Northwest National Bank, Hearing on the Merits, Herbert H. Garbrecht, Hoffman v. Halden, Howard Hoosin, Hurd V. Hodge, Illinois, Illinois State Legislators, Illinois Supreme Court, Integrated Neighborhoods and Developments, Integration Poll, Investment Company, James C. Mitchell, James R. Kilgore, John B. Moser, John F. Aberson, John P. Morris, John S. Hastings, John W. Hunt, John Wanamaker, Joseph G. Powell, Joseph Samuel Perry, Joseph W. Koss, Lake County Circuit Court, Lake County Illinois, Lake County Treasurer, Land Condemnation, Latham Castle, Leonard Bronstein, Lewis D. Clarke, Maurice C. Petesch, Mayo v. Lakeland Highlands Canning Co., Meccano Ltd. v. John Wanamaker, Miles v. Armstrong, Modern Community Developers Inc., Municipal Officials, Nelson v. Knox, New Jersey, New York, Newton N. Minow, North Shore Residents Association, Park Referendum, Peaceable Assembly, Pear Tree Subdivision, Pennsylvania, Preliminary Hearing, Princeton New Jersey, Progress Development Corporation, Progress Development Corporation v. Mitchell, Quota System, Real Estate Agents, Restrictive Covenant, Richard G. Kahn, Robert D. Rierson, Robert E. Bowen, Robert G. Mullen, Sartor v. Arkansas Gas Corp., Seagram-Distillers Corp. v. New Cut Rate Liquors, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Shelley v. Kraemer, Snowden v. Hughes, Social Progress, Summary Judgement, Temporary Equitable Relief, Temporary Injunction, Temporary Injunction Pendente Lite, Temporary Restraining Order, Tenney v. Brandhove, Thomas A. Matthews, Trial by Jury, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Circuit Court of Appeals Seventh Circuit, United States Code, United States Constitution Fifth Amendment, United States Constitution First Amendment, United States Constitutional Rights, United States Federal District Court for the Northern Illinois District Eastern Division, United States Supreme Court, United States v. Harris, United States v. Yellow Cab Company, W. Willard Wirtz, Waukegan Illinois, Westinghouse Electric Corp v. Free Sewing Machine Company, Westlaw, Winston S. Porter, Winston Strawn Smith and Patterson, Wood v. Reznik
Community Change: Law, Politics, and Social Attitudes
Tags: Adlai E. Stevenson, Adrien L. Ringuette, Alfred Petersen, Alfred S. Nickless, American Cancer Society, American Community, American Education Publications Unit, American Educations Publications, American Friends Service Committee, American Friends Service Committee Community Relations Committee, Andrew G. Bradt, Anonymous Newsletters, Appeal Types, Arno D. Wehle, Arson, Arthur G. Falls, Arthur Shay, Assessing Integration, Bernard Scotch, Bethlehem United Brethren Church, Bette Gifford Johnson, Boston Massachusetts, Briargate Station, Brotherly Love, But Not Next Door, Byron S. Matthews, Cambridge Massachusetts, Catholic Interracial Council, Charles Cutler, Charles F. Rippey, Charlotte Scotch, Chet Huntley, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Illinois, Chicago Loop, Chicago Presbytery, Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Tribune, Chicago's American, Christian Justice, Church Federation of Greater Chicago, Civic Privileges, Civil Rights, Columbus Ohio, Common History, Common Responsibilities, Common Values, Communist Community, Community Change, Community Organizations, Community Relations, Conflicting Jurisdictions, Cook County Illinois, Craig Pearson, Dave Meade, David H. Rosen, David J. Maundrell, David Sparks, Deerfield American Legion Hall, Deerfield Building Commissioner, Deerfield Building Inspector, Deerfield Citizens Committee, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights Steering Committee, Deerfield Grammar School, Deerfield High School, Deerfield Illinois, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Deerfield Review, Deerfield Road, Deerfield Village Attorney, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Deerfield Village Hall, Deerfield Village Manager, Defining Community, Donald Christensen, Donald S. Frey, Donald W. Oliver, Dorothy Repsholdt, E.F. Sheitinger, Education, Education Center, Elinor Weeks Smith, Elizabeth Dilling, Encyclopedia Britannica Films, Eugene M. Wykle, Evacuation Day, Evanston Illinois, Evidence of Conspiracy, Evolutionary Change, First Presbyterian Church, First Unitarian Church of Evanston, Floral Park Subdivision, Forced Change, Frank M. Blake, Frank Reynolds, Franken Brothers Nurseries, Fred M. Newmann, Fund for the Republic, Gillette, Governmental Jurisdiction, Grass Roots Community Organizing, Group Identification, Harold C. Lewis, Harry M. Rosen, Harvard Social Studies Project, Harvard University, Harvard University Education Department, Herbert H. Garbrecht, Highland Park High School, Highland Park Illinois, Holy Cross Catholic Church, Homogeneous Community, Housing Industry, Housing Integration, Housing Opportunities, Illinois Bar Association, Illinois Supreme Court, Indirect Ways of Achieving Policy, Individual Citizen Responsibilities to the Community, Industrialization, Insight Television Program, Integrated Neighborhoods and Developments, Integration Poll, Irish American, Irv Kupcinet, Italian Community in New York, Ivan Obolensky, J. Robert York, Jack D. Parker, James C. Mitchell, James E. Groppi, James R. Kilgore, Jardine Property, Jewett Park, Jewett Park Field House, Jewish Community in New York, Jim Bade, John E. Lemmon, John J. O'Mara, John W. Hunt, Joseph G. Powell, Joseph Samuel Perry, Joseph W. Koss, Judaism, Kale Williams, Kansas City, Ku Klux Klan, Lake County Circuit Court, Lake County Illinois, Lake County Republicans, Lake Forest Illinois, Land Condemnation, Leonard Bronstein, Life Magazine, Limits of Majority Rule, Lincoln Acres Development Corporation, Little League Baseball, Little Rock Arkansas, Little Rock of Housing, Living Dimension of Public Issues, Lowell Builders, Luigi Laurenti, Majority Rights, Majority Rule, Max Weinrib, Michigan, Middletown Connecticut, Milwaukee Wisconsin, Milwaukee Youth Council, Minority Rights, Modern Community Developers Inc., Morris Milgram, Motives for Policy Position, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Natural Change, New Jersey, New York, New York Times, Newspaper Editorials, Norris W. Stilphen, North Shore, North Shore Human Relations Committee, North Shore Line Train, North Shore Residents Association, North Shore Unitarian Church, Oakland California, Office of Education Cooperative Research Program, Open Occupancy Housing, Open Occupancy Housing Ordinances, Opinion Polls, Panic Selling, Parent Teacher Association, Paul V. Berggren, Pear Tree Subdivision, Peter Reich, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Physical Boundaries, Planned Change, Policy Justifications, Policy Position, Political Community, Political Jurisdiction, Princeton New Jersey, Progress Development Corporation, Project Social Studies, Property Values, Property Values and Race, Protestantism, Public Meetings, Quakers, Race Relations, Racial Integration, Rationale for Policy Position, Red Hand Over Deerfield, Reformed Judaism, Residency Requirements, Riverwoods Illinois, Riverwoods Road, Robert Bleiweiss, Robert D. Rierson, Robert E. Bowen, Robert G. Mullen, Roman Catholic Church, Russell R. Bletzer, San Francisco California, Social Fabric of the Community, Social Studies, Special Research Report, Speeches, St. Boniface's Church, St. Gregory Episcopal Church, St. Patrick's Day, St. Patrick's Day Parade, Suburban Integration, Suburbanization, Synagogue, Theodor P. Repsholdt, Time Magazine, Toleration of Dissent, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Constitution, United States Department of Health Education and Welfare, United States Federal District Court, United States Federal District Court for the Northern Illinois District, United States Office of Education, United States Race and Housing Commission, University of California Press, University of Chicago, University of Chicago Economics Department, University of Chicago History Department, Victor Salvatore Jr., Vietnam War, Wally Roberts, Waukegan News-Sun, Waukegan Road, West Deerfield Township Library Board of Directors, Westchester County New York, Western Springs Illinois, William C. Hooper, Wilmot Road, Wilmot School, Xerox Corporation, Yellow Springs Ohio, Zion Lutheran Church, Zoning Committee, Zoning Ordinances
The Negro in White Suburbia: Community Power vs. Human Rights
Tags: A. Philip Randolph, Adlai E. Stevenson, African American Veterans, Alice Untermyer, All-White Suburbs, American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), American Freedom of Residence Fund, American Friends Service Committee, Anti-Defamation League, Arson, Arthur G. Falls, Ashland Virginia, Asian Americans, Avon Books, Bernard M. Decker, Birmingham Alabama, Birmingham City Council, Black Nationalist Movements, Borough Council, Bronx New York City, Brotherhood of Sleeping-Car Porters, Brown v. Board of Education, Buchanan v. Warley, Buckley, Building Code Regulations, Building Codes, Building Codes as a Legal Device to Ensure Segregation, But Not Next Door, C. Vann Woodward, California State Attorney General, Caucasians Only, Charles Abrams, Chester Pennsylvania, Chicago Daily News, Chicago Defender, Chicago Illinois, Chicago Loop, Chicago News, Chinese Americans, Church Leaders, City of Brotherly Love, City of Creve Cour v. Weinstein, Civil Rights, Civil Rights Act of 1866, Civil Rights Cases of 1883, Civil Rights in the North, Clement E. Vose, Columbians, Common Law, Community Harassment, Community Leaders, Community Officials, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Cook County Illinois Circuit Court, Corrigan, Corrigan v. Buckley, Creve Cour Aldermen, Creve Cour Mayor, Creve Cour Missouri, Dallas Texas, David H. Rosen, Deerfield American Legion Hall, Deerfield Building Commissioner, Deerfield Citizens Committee, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Deerfield Park District v. Progress Development Corporation, Deerfield Planning Commission, Deerfield School District #109 Board of Education, Deerfield School District #110 Board of Education, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees President, Deerfield Village Meetings, Delay in Issuing Permits, Detroit Michigan, Developing Open Communities, District of Columbia, District of Columbia Supreme Court, Economic Discrimination, Edwin Robson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Eminent Domain, England, English Common Law, Ethel Untermyer, Eugene Gressman, Eunice Grier, Excessive Stringency in Inspections, Fair Housing Committees, Fair Housing Laws, Federal Government Agencies, First Option Agreements, First Unitarian Church of Evanston, Floral Park Subdivision, Forbidden Neighbors, Ford Motor Company, Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection Clause United States Constitution, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Freedom of Residence, Freedom of Residence Foundation Inc., George T. Raymond, George W. Grier, German, German Jews, Ghetto Complex, Ghetto Growth, Government Printing Office, Greenwood Mississippi, Gus Tyler, Harold C. Lewis, Harper and Brothers, Harry M. Rosen, Hawaiians, Henry G. Sweney, Highland Park High School, Highland Park Illinois, Home Titles, Homer A. Jack, Homes Without Hate, Hostility to Integrated Housing, Housing, Housing Discrimination, Housing Integration, Housing Segregation, Houston Texas, Howard Hoosin, Howard Venable, Human Rights, Ian D. McMahan, Illinois, Illinois Supreme Court, Immigration, Integrated Neighborhoods and Developments, Integration Educational Programs, Integration Poll, Ivan Obolensky, Jack D. Parker, James C. Mitchell, James Hurd, Japanese Americans, Jim Crow Laws, Job Discrimination, John F. Kennedy, John P. Morris, John Silard, John W. Hunt, Joseph G. Powell, Joseph L. Rauh Jr., Joseph Samuel Perry, Joseph W. Koss, Judaism, Judicial Enquiry, Katie Venable, Ku Klux Klan, Lake County Circuit Court, Lake County Illinois, Land Condemnation, Lillian Falls, Lisle C. Carter Jr., Lithuanian, Lithuanian Jews, Little Rock Arkansas, Little Rock of Housing, Local Officials, Logical Variances, Long Island New York, Louisville Kentucky, Lower East Side New York City, Main Line, Marvin Weisbord, Max Weinrib, Mexan Americans, Miami Florida, Milpitas California, Milpitas Sewer Board, Mitchell Rosenfeld, Mob Violence, Modern Community Developers Inc., Montgomery County Maryland, Morris Milgram, Mrs. Rowan Wiley, Myth of Declining Real Estate Values Due to Integration, Nashville Tennessee, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing (NCDH), National Committee of Sponsors, National Student Councils of the YMCA and YWCA, National Urban League, Neighborhood Protective Associations, Neighborhood School System, Nelson Bengston, New Orleans Louisiana, New York, New York City New York, Newton N. Minow, Norfolk Virginia, North Shore, North Shore Residents Association, Northern Industrial Areas, Northern Patterns of Residence, Northern Urban Centers, Northern Urbanization, Occupancy Certificates, Oxford University Press, Panic Selling, Park Board v. Progress, Park Referendum, Pear Tree Subdivision, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Guardian, Pennsylvania State Attorney General, Philadelphia Commission on Human Relations, Philadelphia Pennsylvania, Polish, Polish Jews, Populist Movement, Portland Oregon, Portuguese, Portuguese Jews, Post-War Housing Shortage, Presidential Executive Orders, Princeton New Jersey, Princeton University, Private Contracts, Progress Development Corporation, Progress Development Corporation v. Mitchell, Progress v. Mitchell, Property Values, Public Hysteria, Public Officials, Racial Covenants, Racial Discrimination, Racial Discrimination in Housing, Racial Restrictive Covenants, Racial Segregation, Racial Zoning, Racial Zoning as a Legal Device, Racial Zoning Laws, Real Estate Value, Religious Discrimination, Residential Segregation, Restrictive Covenant, Richard G. Kahn, Richland Water District, Richland Water District Water Commissioners, Richmond Virginia, Right of Freehold, Robert E. Bowen, Roland B. Barnes, Rowan Wiley, Russian, Russian Jews, Rutledge Pennsylvania, San Francisco California, San Francisco Chronicle, San Jose California, School Integration, School Segregation, Seth Glickenhaus, Southern Patterns of Residence, Southern Segregation, St. Gregory Episcopal Church, St. Joseph Michigan, St. Louis Circuit Court of Appeals, St. Louis Missouri, Stereotypes, Straw-Buyers, Suburbanization, Swarthmore Pennsylvania, Terrorism, The Deerfield Coloring Book, The Progressive, The Strange Career of Jim Crow, Theodor P. Repsholdt, Theodore Spaulding, United Automobile Workers of America AFL-CIO, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Civil Rights Commission, United States Constitution, United States Constitution Fourteenth Amendment, United States Deputy Attorney General, United States Federal District Court, United States Federal District Court of Chicago, United States Federal District Court System, United States Supreme Court, University of California Press, Vandalism, W. Willard Wirtz, Washington D.C., Western Springs Illinois, Western Springs Park District, Western Springs Park District v. Falls, White Citizens' Councils, White Flight, Wiley v. Richland Water District, Winston-Salem North Carolina, World War I, World War II, Zoning Ordinances
April 1958 - June 10, 1963
Tags: Adrien L. Ringuette, American Freedom of Residence Fund, Chicago Illinois, Civil Rights, Cross Burning, Deerfield Building Commissioner, Deerfield Citizens Committee, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights, Deerfield High School, Deerfield Illinois, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Edward J. Walchli, Eleanor Roosevelt, Floral Park Subdivision, Harold C. Lewis, Highland Park High School, Highland Park Illinois, Illinois Supreme Court, Integration, Integration Poll, Jack D. Parker, James C. Mitchell, Jewett Park, Joseph G. Powell, Joseph W. Koss, Lake County Circuit Court, Land Acquisition, Land Condemnation, Lawsuit, Modern Community Developers Inc., Morris Milgram, North Shore Residents Association, Park Referendum, Pear Tree Subdivision, Progress Development Corporation, Public Meetings, Racial Integration, St. Gregory Episcopal Church, Theodor P. Repsholdt, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Federal District Court, United States Supreme Court, Vandalism, Waukegan Illinois, Wilmot School
Deerfield Integration Case, 1959-1963
Tags: Chicago Illinois, Deerfield Building Commissioner, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Illinois Supreme Court, Integration, Integration Poll, Lake County Circuit Court, Land Acquisition, Land Condemnation, Lawsuit, Modern Community Developers Inc., Morris Milgram, North Shore Residents Association, Park Referendum, Progress Development Corporation, Racial Integration, St. Gregory Episcopal Church, United States Circuit Court of Appeals, United States Federal District Court, United States Supreme Court, Vandalism, Waukegan Illinois
Adrien L. Ringuette to Mr. Burke Marshall
Tags: Adrien L. Ringuette, All-White Suburbs, Brookfield Illinois, Burke Marshall, But Not Next Door, Chicago Illinois, Chicago Metropolitan Area, Chicago's American, Civil Rights, Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, Community Opposition to Racial Integration, David H. Rosen, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights, Deerfield Citizens for Human Rights Board of Directors, Deerfield Illinois, Deerfield Integration, Deerfield Integration Lawsuits, Deerfield Park District Board of Directors, Eunice Grier, George W. Grier, Glencoe Illinois, Harry M. Rosen, Highland Park Illinois, Housing Integration, Housing Segregation, Ian D. McMahan, Illinois, Illinois Supreme Court, James Stokely, John Silard, Land Condemnation, New York Times Magazine, North Shore, North Shore Human Relations Committee, North Shore Human Relations Committee Board of Directors, Northbrook Illinois, Park Forest Illinois, Privately Developed Interracial Housing, Progress Development Corporation, Skokie Illinois, The Negro in White Suburbia, United States Department of Justice, United States Supreme Court, Wilma Dykeman, Wilmette Illinois, Winnetka Illinois
Board Meeting Minutes -- November 20, 1974
Tags: Barbara Niesen, Charlene Reich, Deerfield Public Library, Deerfield Public Library Board of Directors, Deerfield Village Board of Trustees, Donald McCurry, Evanston Illinois, Evanston Public Library, Fred Gahl, Home Rule, Illinois Constitution, Illinois Supreme Court, Jean Kelm, Lake Forest Illinois, Lake Forest Public Library, Mary Suzanne Whetstone, Mrs. James Mellinger, Peter V. Pappas, Robert R. McClarren, Rosemary Sazonoff, Thomas E. Parfitt